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Abstract This systematic literature review aims to investigate the influence of transformational leadership on firm performance and to establish a theoretical background for future avenues in literature. A total of 54 studies covering transformational leadership and firm performance from January 2016 to 2023 and analyzed via a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis protocol using the descriptive content analysis with relevant articles were documented following the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Studies were found in the Scopus, Web of Science, Taylor and Francis, and PubMed databases. The findings from this review show that a large majority of the reviewed studies conclude that transformational leadership has a positive relationship and influence on firm performance. This study will contribute to the literature on leadership effectiveness and inform organizational practices aimed at enhancing firm performance through transformational leadership through mediating variable of dynamic capability and organizational innovation. Despite a rapid recent increase in publications and special issue calls, many opportune research avenues within the transformational leadership and firm performance on different research methods need further investigation.

AbstractThe objective of this study was to examine the significance of customer-orientation for open innovation and performance of the SMEs. Explanatory research design and multi-stage sampling were used to acquire both primary and secondary data from the study area. The study used structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the data and research hypotheses in the suggested structural regression model based on the empirical data of 321 SMEs operating in the study area. The SEM results indicated that small and medium-sized enterprises with higher level of customer orientation are more innovative in their performance. The findings also showed that open innovation partially mediated the relationship between consumer orientation and enterprise performance. Hence, the study found that customer orientation creates better value through open innovation, having an indirect effect on the performance of SMEs. The study’s findings suggest that enterprise performance can be realized by implementing business strategies that prioritize customer requirements and satisfaction. SMEs can leverage customer insights to create customer-focused innovation strategies that spread acquired knowledge and new ideas throughout internal decision-making processes, ultimately enhancing open innovation and performance of SMEs.

AbstractThis study aims to review recent writing on the dynamic capabilities view practices of business firms to examine the concepts and create a more thorough theoretical description from a conceptual standpoint. A thorough review of the literature on dynamic capabilities view practice was conducted. The study demonstrates that there are scattered studies across countries about the conceptual practices of dynamic capabilities practices recently within the scope of the review (2019–2023). Many methodological (exclusive search) constraints exist in this review, which may limit how well it can be used with additional case studies in a relaxed period. The dynamic capabilities view is an essential part of developing transformative and advanced institutions relevant to strategic management orientations in many aspects of the institutions. It is the first of its type to use a methodical analysis of dynamic capabilities and the practices of businesses across many nationalities to demonstrate how the perspectives relate to one another by carefully reviewing a large body of research in strategic management and management disciplines. Both ideas have not been investigated or addressed in tandem before. A full understanding of the current state of dynamic capabilities view concerning businesses was handled on a single platform through developing an in-depth knowledge of dynamic capabilities oriented to business model conceptualization.

The Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha′apai volcano erupted on 15 January 2022, launching Lamb waves and gravity waves into the atmosphere. In this study, we present results using 13 globally distributed meteor radars and identify the volcanogenic gravity waves in the mesospheric/lower thermospheric winds. Leveraging the High-Altitude Mechanistic general Circulation Model (HIAMCM), we compare the global propagation of these gravity waves. We observed an eastward-propagating gravity wave packet with an observed phase speed of 240 ± 5.7 m s−1 and a westward-propagating gravity wave with an observed phase speed of 166.5 ± 6.4 m s−1. We identified these waves in HIAMCM and obtained very good agreement of the observed phase speeds of 239.5 ± 4.3 and 162.2 ± 6.1 m s−1 for the eastward the westward waves, respectively. Considering that HIAMCM perturbations in the mesosphere/lower thermosphere were the result of the secondary waves generated by the dissipation of the primary gravity waves from the volcanic eruption, this affirms the importance of higher-order wave generation. Furthermore, based on meteor radar observations of the gravity wave propagation around the globe, we estimate the eruption time to be within 6 min of the nominal value of 15 January 2022 04:15 UTC, and we localized the volcanic eruption to be within 78 km relative to the World Geodetic System 84 coordinates of the volcano, confirming our estimates to be realistic.

Even though Ethiopia recently adopted industrial park development as a policy instrument for fostering economic transformation, the effects of value chain management practices on firm performance has not been well researched. Thus, the study examined the effect of value chain management practices on the performance of manufacturing firms operating in Ethiopian industrial parks by using an explanatory research design. Employees of the industrial parks were considered as the target population and to select suitable respondents, a non-probability sampling technique was employed. The sample size was determined to be 382, which comprised of senior and middle managers. The study purified and validated scales for data collection by using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and to test the hypothesis, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used. The result of the study revealed that outbound logistics and marketing capabilities, statistically positively and significantly, affected financial and marketing performances. However, both inbound logistics and operations management capabilities did not significantly affect financial and marketing performance. Enhancing backward and forward linkage along the value chain and improving the efficiency of value chain management practices are paramount strategies. From the empirical evidence, the result of this study adds value to the existing knowledge of value chain management in industrial park contexts. Further, the paper significantly contributes to the field of industrial parks economic sustainability, in which the findings and suggestions can provide scientific knowledge to managers, practitioners, stakeholders, and policymakers.

In general, innovation is considered a success element behind growth and competitiveness of manufacturing firms. This study investigated the impact of product and process innovation capability practices on competitiveness of manufacturing enterprises in Ethiopia. It also intended to test whether competitive advantage mediated the relationship between product innovation and competitiveness as well as process innovation and competitiveness. Quantitative research approach was used to collect questionnaire based data from 300 randomly selected manufacturing firms in Ethiopia; out of these, 270 were correctly completed and returned. Structural equation modeling with AMOS v23 was used for data analysis. Measurement model’s validation was done using confirmatory factor analysis in which all of the variables were assessed for convergent, composite and discriminant validity tests. The findings indicated that both product and process innovations had a significant direct effect on manufacturing firm’s competitiveness of manufacturing firms in Ethiopia. Moreover, both product and process innovations had a significant indirect effect on competitiveness through competitive advantage as the mediating variable. Competitive advantage as a mediating variable had a significant mediating role between product innovation and competitiveness, and between process innovation and competitiveness. These findings have substantial implications for manufacturing firms in Ethiopia to gear their energies towards improvement of products offered to market as well as those processes intended to produce quality products which outshines the internal and external competitions in the market. Hence, Ethiopian businesses are recommended to invest more in product and process innovations to build competitive advantage and competitiveness.

Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy neuropathologic change (LATE-NC) and Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic change (ADNC) are each associated with substantial cognitive impairment in aging populations. However, the prevalence of LATE-NC across the full range of ADNC remains uncertain. To address this knowledge gap, neuropathologic, genetic, and clinical data were compiled from 13 high-quality community- and population-based longitudinal studies. Participants were recruited from United States (8 cohorts, including one focusing on Japanese-American men), United Kingdom (2 cohorts), Brazil, Austria, and Finland. The total number of participants included was 6196, and the average age of death was 88.1 years. Not all data were available on each individual and there were differences between the cohorts in study designs and the amount of missing data. Among those with known cognitive status before death (n = 5665), 43.0% were cognitively normal, 14.9% had MCI, and 42.4% had dementia-broadly consistent with epidemiologic data in this age group. Approximately 99% of participants (n = 6125) had available CERAD neuritic amyloid plaque score data. In this subsample, 39.4% had autopsy-confirmed LATE-NC of any stage. Among brains with "frequent" neuritic amyloid plaques, 54.9% had comorbid LATE-NC, whereas in brains with no detected neuritic amyloid plaques, 27.0% had LATE-NC. Data on LATE-NC stages were available for 3803 participants, of which 25% had LATE-NC stage > 1 (associated with cognitive impairment). In the subset of individuals with Thal Aβ phase = 0 (lacking detectable Aβ plaques), the brains with LATE-NC had relatively more severe primary age-related tauopathy (PART). A total of 3267 participants had available clinical data relevant to frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and none were given the clinical diagnosis of definite FTD nor the pathological diagnosis of frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 inclusions (FTLD-TDP). In the 10 cohorts with detailed neurocognitive assessments proximal to death, cognition tended to be worse with LATE-NC across the full spectrum of ADNC severity. This study provided a credible estimate of the current prevalence of LATE-NC in advanced age. LATE-NC was seen in almost 40% of participants and often, but not always, coexisted with Alzheimer's disease neuropathology.

The paper describes technical characteristics and presents the first scientific results of a novel infrared imaging system (imager) for studies of nightglow emissions coming from the hydroxyl (OH) and molecular oxygen (O2) layers in the mesopause region (80–100 km) above northern Scandinavia. The OH imager was put into operation in November 2022 at the Swedish Institute of Space Physics in Kiruna (67.86° N, 20.42° E; 400 m altitude). The OH imager records selected emission lines in the OH(3-1) band near 1500 nm to obtain intensity and temperature maps at around 87 km altitude. In addition, the OH imager registers infrared emissions coming from the O2 IR A-band airglow at 1268.7 nm in order to obtain O2 intensity maps at a slightly higher altitude, around 94 km. This technique allows the tracing of wave disturbances in both horizontal and vertical domains in the mesopause region. Validation and comparison of the OH(3-1) rotational temperature with collocated lidar and Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) satellite temperatures are performed. The first scientific results obtained from the OH imager for the first winter season (2022–2023) are discussed.

Abstract Aims This study aimed to study the prognostic value of myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) and myocardial external efficiency (MEE) from 11C‐acetate positron emission tomography (PET) in cardiac amyloidosis (CA) patients. Methods and results Forty‐eight CA patients, both transthyretin (ATTR) and immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis, and 20 controls were included. All subjects were examined with 11C‐acetate PET and echocardiography. MVO2, forward stroke volume (FSV), and left ventricular mass (LVM) were derived from 11C‐acetate PET and used to calculate MEE. CA patients were followed for survival and the prognostic impact of clinical, echocardiographic, and 11C‐acetate PET parameters was analysed. MVO2 and MEE were reduced in CA compared with controls, but without significant difference between deceased and surviving CA patients. The ratio of 11C‐acetate PET‐derived FSV and LVM was also reduced in CA and significantly lowered in deceased patients compared with survivors. In univariate analysis, New York Heart Association class, N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide, and the 11C‐acetate PET parameters FSV/LVM and MEE were the strongest prognostic factors. Of the 11C‐acetate PET parameters, FSV/LVM was the strongest survival predictor with hazard ratio of 0.56 per 0.1 mL/g (95% confidence interval 0.39–0.81, P = 0.002) and independently prognostic in a multivariate model. MEE significantly separated deceased from surviving CA patients with the cut‐off of 15.7% (P = 0.032). Survival was significantly shorter with FSV/LVM below 0.27 mL/g (P

Decarbonization of shipping is a legal obligation imposed by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). The ferry port and daily operations located near or in urban zones negatively impact the nearby environment. The electrification of ferries contributes to reducing the negative environmental impact. The available electrical infrastructure in ports often does not meet daily needs. The ferry fleet’s sailing schedule creates a non-periodic daily energy profile to determine the energy needs of the shore connection. The proposed research aims to optimize the daily electric ferry fleet peak charging power schedule process using particle swarm optimization and a greedy algorithm. A four-stage model has been proposed, consisting of the initialization of the ferry fleet’s daily energy profile, initial population generation with input constraints, optimization, and the creation of the modified daily energy load diagram. Robustness and validation of the proposed model were investigated and proven for energy profiles with and without optimization. For the proposed charging schedule, the study results show a reduction in peak power of 24%. By optimizing the charging process, peak charging power has been reduced without needing an additional energy storage system.

Universities in China and the United States have been engaged in cross-border education through partnerships establishing international branch campuses (IBCs). This qualitative study used Moustakas's (1994) strategy of inquiry as a framework and explored Western faculty members' cross-border lived experiences at IBCs in China. IBCs in this study were coestablished by American universities and their Chinese partners. The central research question that guided this study asked about the lived experiences of Western faculty members at IBCs in China. This study purposefully selected 14 participants and data were collected through semistructured, one-on-one, face-to-face interviews. Moustakas's (1994) seven-level method of analysis involving a process of meaning reduction was followed. The essence of the participants' lived experiences described two components: value and adjustment. Findings from this study are valuable for leaders to rethink how to better support Western faculty in this joint higher education venture.

Objective: Nonautoimmune hyperthyroidism (NAH) is rare and occurs due to a constitutively activating thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) mutation. In contrast to other thyroid nodules, no further evaluation for malignancy is recommended for hot thyroid nodules. In the first model for NAH in mice nearly all homozygous mice had developed papillary thyroid cancer by 12 months of age. Methods: To further evaluate these mice, whole exome sequencing and phosphoproteome analysis were employed in a further generation of mice to identify any other mutations potentially responsible and to identify the pathways involved in thyroid carcinoma development. Results: Only three genes (Nrg1, Rrs1, Rasal2) were mutated in all mice examined, none of which were known primary drivers of papillary thyroid cancer development. Wild-type and homozygous TSHR D633H knockin mice showed distinct phosphoproteome profiles with an enrichment of altered phosphosites found in ERK/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Most importantly, phosphosites with known downstream effects included BRAF p.S766, which forms an inhibitory site: a decrease of phosphorylation at this site suggests an increase in MEK/ERK pathway activation. The decreased phosphorylation at BRAF p.S766 would suggest decreased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling, which is supported by the decreased phosphorylation of STIM1 p.S257, a downstream AMPK target. Conclusion: The modified phosphoproteome profile of the homozygous mice in combination with human literature suggests a potential signaling pathway from constitutive TSHR signaling and cAMP activation to the activation of ERK/MAPK signaling. This is the first time that a specific mechanism has been identified for a possible involvement of TSH signaling in thyroid carcinoma development.

Atmospheric gravity waves and traveling ionospheric disturbances can be observed in the neutral atmosphere and the ionosphere at a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. Especially at medium scales, these oscillations are often not resolved in general circulation models and are parameterized. We show that ionospheric disturbances forced by upward-propagating atmospheric gravity waves can be simultaneously observed with the EISCAT very high frequency incoherent scatter radar and the Nordic Meteor Radar Cluster. From combined multi-static measurements, both vertical and horizontal wave parameters can be determined by applying a specially developed Fourier filter analysis method. This method is demonstrated using the example of a strongly pronounced wave mode that occurred during the EISCAT experiment on 7 July 2020. Leveraging the developed technique, we show that the wave characteristics of traveling ionospheric disturbances are notably impacted by the fall transition of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. We also demonstrate the application of using the determined wave parameters to infer the thermospheric neutral wind velocities. Applying the dissipative anelastic gravity wave dispersion relation, we obtain vertical wind profiles in the lower thermosphere.

This work is dedicated to developing a laboratory method for assessing emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from different carbon-based materials at elevated temperatures. The method will additionally contribute to enhancing the fundamental knowledge about the formation and decomposition of these compounds during various process conditions. Developing a method entails designing a setup for laboratory-scale experiments utilizing different furnace configurations and off-gas capturing media. To demonstrate the method's applicability, different carbon materials were tested under identical conditions, and analysis results for the same material in different furnace setups were compared. In this article, we have focused on the procedure for obtaining the “fingerprint” of PAH emissions under conditions characteristic of industrial processes. • Two setups for investigation of the influence of temperature on PAH emissions were designed and tested for three types of carbon materials. • The collected off-gas samples underwent analysis in two different laboratories to capture intra-laboratory differences and to evaluate the significance of the instrument detection limit. • The results of PAH 16 (16 EPA PAH) and PAH 42 analysis were compared to showcase the influence of the expanded list on the overall emission of PAH.The novel methodology enables the determination and comparison of PAH emissions during the thermal treatment of individual carbon materials under laboratory conditions. This could potentially be a new approach for predicting the PAH emissions in metallurgical industries that use these carbon materials as reducing agents in their processes and their control by optimizing process parameters and raw materials used. In addition to being suitable for simulating various conditions in the metallurgical industry, the utilization of low-hazard PAH solvents makes it a promising method.

Abstract A minequake of magnitude ML 4.1 occurred on 18 May 2020 early in the morning at the LKAB underground iron ore mine in Kiruna, Sweden. This is the largest mining‐induced earthquake in Scandinavia. It generated acoustic signals observed at three infrasound arrays at 9.3 (KRIS, Sweden), 155 (IS37, Norway), and 286 km (ARCI, Norway) distance. We perform full‐waveform focal mechanism inversion based on regional seismic data and local infrasound data. These independently highlight that this event was dominated by a shallow‐depth collapse in agreement with in‐mine seismic station data. However, regional infrasound data cannot inform the inversion process without an accurate model of atmospheric winds and temperatures. Yet, our numerical simulations demonstrate a potential of using local and regional infrasound data to constrain an event's focal mechanism and depth.