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A metamorphism in green-schist facies conditions. The epidote crystals is subhedral to eu- hedral, with high Al2O3 26-30 % and low Fe2O3 5–8% contents. It is predominantly zoisite Xcz = 0.46 to 0.72 and subordinate epidote Xep =0.27-0.53 in composition, with typical compositional zoning due to variable substitution of Fe3+ and Al3+ on octahedral sites and sector-zoning. The epidote is suggested to have a possible igneous origin, and to be crystallised from a wet H2O>5 wt % magma under low fO2 and intermediate pres- sure conditions during initial stage crystallisation on the basis of its petrographical and mineralogical characteristics

The Horoz pluton includes granitic and granodioritic rocks, with widespread mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs). Petrochemically, the rocks of the pluton show calc-alkaline to shoshonitic and metaluminous to slightly peraluminous composition. The rocks also exhibit an enrichment in large ion lithophile elements, e.g. Rb, K, and depletions of high field strength elements such as Y, Lu, and Mg#, Ni, with a slightly concave-upward rare earth element pattern. Both granitic and granodioritic rocks exhibit geochemical characteristics of tonalite, trondhjemite and granodiorite assemblages, possibly developed by the partial melting of a thickened lower crust. The granitoids have high concentrations of Na2O (2.6–4.5 wt%), Sr (347–599 ppm), intermediate-high (La/Yb)N (8.2–18.1, mostly >11 ), Al2O3 (13.2–16.9 wt%, average 15.3 wt%), low MgO (0.2–1.4 wt%, average 0.84 wt%) and Co (0.7–10.3 ppm). The MMEs include higher Na2O (4.5–5.5 wt%), Sr (389–1149 ppm), Al2O3 (16.9–19.2 wt%, average 17.8 wt%), MgO (1.4–4.4 wt%, average 2.75 wt%) and Co (6.2–18.7 ppm) contents in comparison with that of their hosts. There is a lack of negative Eu anomalies, except a few samples. Both host rocks and MMEs have a low initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio (respectively 0.7046–0.7051 and 0.7047–0.7058), low eNd value (–1.8 to –0.2 and –0.6 to 0.7 at 50 Ma) and highly radiogenic 208Pb/204Pb ratios (39.43–39.47 and 39.39–39.54). Whole-rock chemistry and isotopic data suggest that parent magmas of both MMEs and their hosts have derived from melts of the mixing between the lithospheric mantle and crustal end members, than fractional crystallization processes in crustal levels.

Extensive Late Miocene to Pliocene Erenlerdagi volcanism produced lava domes, nue´e ardentes and ignimbrite deposits in west and southwest of the Konya. The domes may contain various enclaves, which range in size from a few cm to a few meters, and in shape cornered to spherical. The volcanic rocks are made up of plagioclase (15-45%), brown amphibole (3-15%), brown biotite (5-10 %), quartz (0-5%), sanidine (0-5%), clinopyroxene (0-5 %), epidote (0-8%), opaque iron ore (3-20%), and accessory acicular apatite and zircon in a holocrystalline porphyric texture. Geochemical data shows that all samples are high-K calc-alkaline, mostly metaluminous, and rhyodacite to andesite in composition. They are characterized by an enrichment in Large Ion lithophile Elements (e.g. Cs, K), and a depletion in High Field Strength Elements (e.g. Ti, Y). In Harker variation diagrams, SiO2 increases with increasing K2O, Na2O, Rb, Th, U, Nb, Zr contents; and decreasing TiO2, FeOt, MgO, CaO contents, suggesting fractional crystallisation of hornblende (± pyroxene, olivine) and titanite. The REE pattern of the samples shows an enrichment in Light Rare Earth Elements, and a depletion in Heavy Rare Earth Elements, resultant with high [(La/Lu)N= 8.2-18.0] ratios. Existence of slight Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu*: 0.66-0.80 ) may suggest plagioclase fractionation in the samples. Based on field, mineralogical and geochemical data, it has been suggested that the Erenlerdagı volcanics could have formed by chemical mixing of felsic and mafic magmas possibly coupled with fractional crystallisation of hornblende (± pyroxene, olivine), plagioclase and titanite, in relation with the subduction of the African plate underneath the Anatolian plate during Miocene.

Turkey hosts essential bauxite deposits, typically of the karstic-type. The most economically important bauxite deposits of Turkey form in the Seydişehir-Akseki region of the central Taurides Mountains. The Mortaş and Doğankuzu deposits are the most important deposits in that region. The bauxite beds contain boehmite, hematite, rutile, smectite, quartz, diaspore, calcite, pyrite, marcasite and goethite. Brown to red-colored bauxite minerals are massive, oolitic – pisolitic textured. The Seydisehir schists could be possible parent rocks of bauxites, and have unearthed acidic source (mostly granite) with hornblende and plagioclase minerals. The schists were compositionally mature with minimal alkali feldspar sediments. The Mortaş deposit is 400 m long and up to 40 m thick; it averages 10 m thick. It has about 5 million tons of ore reserves, with ~50 percent Al2O3. The Doğankuzu bauxite deposit is situated 2 km southwest of the Mortaş deposit, with 14.9 million metric tons of ore at 61 percent Al2O3. The Doğankuzu ore was deposited on a fault-controlled karst surface of Cenomanian limestone succession, which was overlain by 5- to 10-cm-thick Santonian limestones. The bauxite has been mined by the Seydişehir aluminum factory, which was founded in 1973, and privatized in 2005. The plant is capable to produce 65.000 ton liquid aluminum per year, around 15% of Turkey’s Aluminum demand.

F or the last fifteen years, there has been extensive motorway and railway constructions in Turkey. This requires enormous amount of road-fillers and aggregates, and the construction companies open many open-pit limestone quarries to fulfill their aggregate needs. The partly double four lines , partly one-way double line motorway of KonyaHüyük have recently been enlarged and partly re-constructed. During this construction, a total of five limestone quarry were opened to produce limestone aggregate. The Bozlutepe Limestone member of Asmalıtepe Formation near the town of Selki HüyükKonya, central Anatolia were used for this demand, and it has been operated for the last 6 years. The limestone member is approximately 200 m thick at most and mostly made of three type of minerals and these are dolomitic limestone, crystalline limestone and quartz-bearing crystallized limestones. All the minerals are crystallized and the minerals locally dominate at the quarry. The produced aggregates have relatively flat granulometry curve indicating most of the grains are of thin and have clay-silt sized particles. Our studies revealed that Bozlutepe Limestones are formed in carbonate facies in shallow marine environments during Permian-Carboniferous times. The member most likely have low-grade metamorphism during Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras

Biyotit granitoidler başlıca kuvars, biyotit, plajiyoklas, K-feldispat, muskovit nadiren amfibol içerirler. Tali bileşen olarak apatit, zirkon, allanit ve ikincil olarak klorit ve serisit içerirler. Anklavlar başlıca plajiyoklas, amfibol, ojit, biyotit, tali bileşen olarak sfen, zirkon ve ikincil olarak kalsit ve epidot minerallerini içerirler. Metalumino bileşimli anklav içeren, granitoidler S-tip granitlere ait kimyasal ve mineralojik özellikler gösterirler: peralumino (A/CNK oranı >1.15) bileşim ve muskovit minerali. Granitoidler büyük iyonlu litofil element (BİLE) ve hafif nadir toprak elementlerce (HNTE) zenginleşme ve ağır nadir toprak elementlerce fakirleşme (ANTE) sunarlar. Bu durum granitoidlerin kabuk ergimesiyle oluştuğunu, negatif Eu anomalisi ve büyük iyon litofil elementlerince zenginlik göstermeleri plajiyoklasların fraksiyonlaşmada etkisini göstermektedir. Anklavlarda büyük iyonlu litofil element (BİLE) zenginleşmesi, yüksek alan enerjili elementlerde (YAEE) fakirleşme, nadir toprak element (NTE) dağılımlarında yataya yakın desen vermeleri ve negatif Eu anomalisi göstermeleri, anklavların litosferik mantodan kaynaklandığını ve hornblend, plajiyoklasların fraksiyonlaşmada etkisini göstermektedir. Arazi, petrografik ve jeokimyasal verilere dayanarak, volkanik yay özellikli granitlerin mafik magmanın kabuğa sokulması ve muhtemelen kabuk kalınlaşması ile oluştuğu ve mafik magma ile fiziksel olarak karışarak anklavları oluşturduğu ileri sürülmüştür.

Biotite granitoid contain mainly quartz, biotite, plagioclase, K-feldspar, muscovite as main phases with minor amphiboles, and apatite, zircon, allanite and chlorite and serisite as accessory components. In contrast, enclaves are composed mainly of plagioclase, amphibole, augite, biotite, with accessory sphene, zircon and calcite and epidote. The granitoids including enclaves with metaluminous composition, display chemical and mineralogical characteristics of S-type granitoids, such as peraluminous composition (A/CNK ratio mostly >1.15) and existence of muscovites. Granitoids are enriched in LILEs and LREEs, and depleted in HFSEs; suggesting that they were developed by crustal melting. Granitoid also have negative Eu anomalies and large ion lithophile element enrichment suggest crystal fractionation of plagioclase. Enclaves are enriched in LILEs and depleted in HFSEs and show flat REE pattern with large negative Eu anomaly, suggesting they were derived from enriched lithospheric mantle, with possible crystal fractionation involving plagioclase and amphibole. Based on field, petrographic and geochemical data, it has been suggested that volcanic-arc granitoids could be formed by intrusion of mantle-derived mafic magmas into the lower crust and with possible crustal thickening, and mingled with mafic magma producing enclaves.

İnceleme alanı, Orta Anadolu Masifi içerisinde Yeşilhisar (Kayseri) ve çevresinde yer almaktadır. İnceleme alanında en yaşlı birimleri ofiyolitik kayaçlar oluşturmaktadır. Bunlar gabro ve dunitler şeklindedir. Gabrolar koyu yeşil, siyahımsı yeşil renkli, sert ve ince-orta taneli olup hipidiyomorf tanesel dokuludur. Ana bileşenlerini; hornblend, klinopiroksen, plajiyoklas, kuvars ve opak mineraller oluştururken tali olarakta yer yer sfen ve spinel içermektedirler. Dunit; sarımsı, yeşilimsi sarı renkli, kırılgan ve ağsal dokuludur. Dunitlerin ana bileşenlerini olivin, piroksen ve kromit oluşturmaktadır. Gabroyik kayaçlar toleyitik karakterli olup metaaluminalı kayaç sınıfındadırlar. Ana ve iz element değişimleri hornblend ve Fe-Ti oksit minerallerinin fraksiyonlaşmasını işaret etmektedir. Kondridite oranlanmış hafif nadir toprak elementlerin ağır nadir toprak elementlerine oranı La/LuN = 0.26 olup bir zenginleşme göstermemektedir. İz element ve nadir toprak element (REE) içerikleri gabroyik kayaçların MORB benzeri bir kaynaktan türediğini işaret etmektedir.

The amphibolites and tremolite-bearing gneisses, formed concordantly within metasediments around Ortaköy(Aksaray) area, are composed of mainly magnesio-hornblende, magnesio-hastingsite, plagioclase, sphene, diopsite, quartz, biotite ; and tremolite, actinolite, actinolitic hornblende, ilmenite respectively. It has ever been found out a preserved flowing texture, indicating subvolcanic origin for the amphibolite by this work. A strong zoning structure is determined in plagioclase (An 48 and An94) of the amphibolites by SEM studies. The andesine is indicated to be earlier than anorthite by existence of linear compositional variations in the amphiboles, lack of widespread metasomatic, hydrothermal alterations and migmatisation in the the amphibolites. The anorthite may be formed via breakdown of diopsite to hornblende. Coupled substitutions such as alumino-tschermakite, ferri-tschermakite and edenite had caused compositional variations in the amphiboles of amphibolites and tremolite gneisses. It has been suggested that the amphibolites and tremolite-bearing gneisses are of co-genetic as linear relations exists between their amphiboles

The study area is located within the Central Anatolian Massif around Yeşilhisar (Kayseri). The oldest rock units in the area are ophiolitic rocks which are mainly found as gabbro and dunites. The gabbros are dark green,blackish green coloured and hard, thin-medium granular hipidiomorf textured. Main Composition of gabbroic rocks are hornblende, clinopyroxen, plagioclase, quartz and opaque minerals, sphene and spinel are accessory minerals. The dunites are yellowish, greenish yellow coloured and fragile and stockwork textured. The main components of the dunites are olivine, pyroxen and chromite. The gabbroic rocks are mainly toleitic and can be classified as metaaluminious rocks. Main and trace element variations indicate that the fractionation of hornblende and Fe-Ti oxide minerals. Ratio of Condridite normalized Light REE to Heavy REE displays no enrichment La/LuN = 0.26. Trace and REE contents of the gabbroic rocks indicate that these rocks were a product of MORB like source.

Ortaköy yöresi kırıntılı kayaçlarının bölgesel metamorfizmaya uğraması, bu kayaçlarda sillimanit+plajiyoklaz (Ann 0.43) + ortoklaz + kuvars + biyotit (Ann O.O8, Phl 0,012) ve granat (Alm o.80-0.83 Prp 0.10-0,08 Sp 0.048-047 Grs 0.048-0.045) parajenezi gelişimine neden olmuştur. Bölgesel metamorfizma şartları granat-biyotit ve granat - alüminosilikat - kuvars - plajiyoklaz jeotermobarometreleri yardımı ile 3.3±0,36 kb basınç ve ~600°C sıcaklık olarak belirlenmiştir. Granatlar homojenleşme veya rnatriks ile arasındaki değişim reaksiyonları nedeniyle ters bir mineralojik zonlanmaya sahiptir. Granatın kenarına doğru azalan grossüler içeriği, andaluzit, serisit ve kloritlerin oluşumu Ortaköy yöresindeki P-T şartlarının P-T-t diyagramında saat yönünde bir yol izlediğini göstermektedir, ideal ve ideal olmayan katı çözeltisine dayanan granat-biyotit jeotermometreleri yaklaşık aynı sonuçları vermiştir. Bu durum muhtemelen granat ve biyotit minerallerinin ideal katı çözeltiden küçük sapma göstermesi ve / veya granat-biyotitin dengelenmeye olan eğilimi veya termometrenin deneydekine benzer Fe/Mg içeren örneğe uygulanmasından kaynaklanmaktadır.