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1. Biotic threats for 23 major non-native tree species in Europe

Author

Poetzelsberger, Elisabeth, Gossner, Martin M., Beenken, Ludwig, Gazda, Anna, Petr, Michal, Ylioja, Tiina, La Porta, Nicola, Avtzis, Dimitrios N., Bay, Elodie, De Groot, Maarten, Drenkhan, Rein, Duduman, Mihai-Leonard, Enderle, Rasmus, Georgieva, Margarita, Hietala, Ari M., Hoppe, Bjoern, Jactel, Herve, Jarni, Kristjan, Keren, Srdan, Keseru, Zsolt, Koprowski, Marcin, Kormutak, Andrej, Lombardero, Maria Josefa, Lukjanova, Aljona, Marozas, Vitas, Mauri, Edurad, Monteverdi, Maria Cristina, Nygaard, Per Holm, Ogris, Nikica, Olenici, Nicolai, Orazio, Christophe, Perny, Bernhard, Pinto, Gloria, Power, Michael, Puchalka, Radoslaw, Ravn, Hans Peter, Sevillano, Ignacio, Stroheker, Sophie, Taylor, Paul, Tsopelas, Panagiotis, Urban, Josef, Voolma, Kaljo, Westergren, Marjana, Witzell, Johanna, Zborovska, Olga, Zlatkovic, Milica, Poetzelsberger, Elisabeth, Gossner, Martin M., Beenken, Ludwig, Gazda, Anna, Petr, Michal, Ylioja, Tiina, La Porta, Nicola, Avtzis, Dimitrios N., Bay, Elodie, De Groot, Maarten, Drenkhan, Rein, Duduman, Mihai-Leonard, Enderle, Rasmus, Georgieva, Margarita, Hietala, Ari M., Hoppe, Bjoern, Jactel, Herve, Jarni, Kristjan, Keren, Srdan, Keseru, Zsolt, Koprowski, Marcin, Kormutak, Andrej, Lombardero, Maria Josefa, Lukjanova, Aljona, Marozas, Vitas, Mauri, Edurad, Monteverdi, Maria Cristina, Nygaard, Per Holm, Ogris, Nikica, Olenici, Nicolai, Orazio, Christophe, Perny, Bernhard, Pinto, Gloria, Power, Michael, Puchalka, Radoslaw, Ravn, Hans Peter, Sevillano, Ignacio, Stroheker, Sophie, Taylor, Paul, Tsopelas, Panagiotis, Urban, Josef, Voolma, Kaljo, Westergren, Marjana, Witzell, Johanna, Zborovska, Olga, and Zlatkovic, Milica

Abstract

For non-native tree species with an origin outside of Europe a detailed compilation of enemy species including the severity of their attack is lacking up to now. We collected information on native and non-native species attacking non-native trees, i.e. type, extent and time of first observation of damage for 23 important non-native trees in 27 European countries. Our database includes about 2300 synthesised attack records (synthesised per biotic threat, tree and country) from over 800 species. Insects (49%) and fungi (45%) are the main observed biotic threats, but also arachnids, bacteria including phytoplasmas, mammals, nematodes, plants and viruses have been recorded. This information will be valuable to identify patterns and drivers of attacks, and trees with a lower current health risk to be considered for planting. In addition, our database will provide a baseline to which future impacts on non-native tree species could be compared with and thus will allow to analyse temporal trends of impacts.

Published
2021

2. Mapping the patchy legislative landscape of non-native tree species in Europe

Author

Poetzelsberger, Elisabeth, Lapin, Katharina, Brundu, Giuseppe, Adriaens, Tim, Andonovski, Vlatko, Andrasev, Sinisa, Bastien, Jean-Charles, Brus, Robert, Curovic, Milic, Curovic, Zeljka, Cvjetkovic, Branislav, Dodan, Martina, Domingo-Santos, Juan M., Gazda, Anna, Henin, Jean-Marc, Hernea, Cornelia, Karlsson, Bo, Keca, Ljiljana, Keren, Srdan, Kesru, Zsolt, Konstantara, Thomai, Kroon, Johan, La Porta, Nicola, Lavnyy, Vasyl, Lazdina, Dagnija, Lukjanova, Aljona, Maaten, Tiit, Madsen, Palle, Mandjukovski, Dejan, Pageo, Francisco J. Marin, Marozas, Vitas, Martinik, Antonin, Mason, William L., Mohren, Frits, Monteverdi, Maria Cristina, Neophytou, Charalambos, Neville, Pat, Nicolescu, Valeriu-Norocel, Nygaard, Per Holm, Orazio, Christophe, Parpan, Taras, Peric, Sanja, Petkova, Krasimira, Popov, Emil Borissov, Power, Mick, Redei, Karoly, Rousi, Matti, Silva, Joaquim S., Sivacioglu, Ahmet, Socratous, Michalis, Straigyte, Lina, Urban, Josef, Vandekerkhove, Kris, Wasik, Radoslaw, Westergren, Marjana, Wohlgemuth, Thomas, Ylioja, Tiina, Hasenauer, Hubert, Poetzelsberger, Elisabeth, Lapin, Katharina, Brundu, Giuseppe, Adriaens, Tim, Andonovski, Vlatko, Andrasev, Sinisa, Bastien, Jean-Charles, Brus, Robert, Curovic, Milic, Curovic, Zeljka, Cvjetkovic, Branislav, Dodan, Martina, Domingo-Santos, Juan M., Gazda, Anna, Henin, Jean-Marc, Hernea, Cornelia, Karlsson, Bo, Keca, Ljiljana, Keren, Srdan, Kesru, Zsolt, Konstantara, Thomai, Kroon, Johan, La Porta, Nicola, Lavnyy, Vasyl, Lazdina, Dagnija, Lukjanova, Aljona, Maaten, Tiit, Madsen, Palle, Mandjukovski, Dejan, Pageo, Francisco J. Marin, Marozas, Vitas, Martinik, Antonin, Mason, William L., Mohren, Frits, Monteverdi, Maria Cristina, Neophytou, Charalambos, Neville, Pat, Nicolescu, Valeriu-Norocel, Nygaard, Per Holm, Orazio, Christophe, Parpan, Taras, Peric, Sanja, Petkova, Krasimira, Popov, Emil Borissov, Power, Mick, Redei, Karoly, Rousi, Matti, Silva, Joaquim S., Sivacioglu, Ahmet, Socratous, Michalis, Straigyte, Lina, Urban, Josef, Vandekerkhove, Kris, Wasik, Radoslaw, Westergren, Marjana, Wohlgemuth, Thomas, Ylioja, Tiina, and Hasenauer, Hubert

Abstract

Europe has a history rich in examples of successful and problematic introductions of trees with a native origin outside of Europe (non-native trees, NNT). Many international legal frameworks such as treaties and conventions and also the European Union have responded to the global concern about potential negative impacts of NNT that may become invasive in natural ecosystems. It is, however, national and regional legislation in particular that affects current and future management decisions in the forest sector and shapes the landscapes of Europe. We identified all relevant legal instruments regulating NNT, the different legal approaches and the regulatory intensity in 40 European countries (no microstates). Information on hard and effective soft law instruments were collected by means of a targeted questionnaire and consultation of international and national legislation information systems and databases. In total, 335 relevant legal instruments were in place in June/July 2019 to regulate the use of NNT in the investigated 116 geopolitical legal units (countries as well as sub-national regions with their own legislation). Countries and regions were empirically categorized according to ad hoc-defined legislation indicators. These indicators pay respect to the general bans on the introduction of non-native species, the generally allowed and prohibited NNT, approval mechanisms and specific areas or cases where NNT are restricted or prohibited. Our study revealed a very diverse landscape of legal frameworks across Europe, with a large variety of approaches to regulating NNT being pursued and the intensity of restriction ranging from very few restrictions on species choice and plantation surface area to the complete banning of NNT from forests. The main conclusion is that there is a clear need for more co-ordinated, science-based policies both at the local and international levels to enhance the advantages of NNT and mitigate potential negative effects.

Published
2020
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3. Relationships between Structural Indices and Conventional Stand Attributes in an Old-Growth Forest in Southeast Europe.

Author

Keren, Srdan, Svoboda, Miroslav, Janda, Pavel, and Nagel, Thomas A.

Subjects
BASAL area (Forestry), FOREST density, MIXED forests, SPECIES diversity
Abstract

Structural indices are oftenproposedas guidingmeasures for increasing structuralheterogeneity. However, few studies have examined the association between such indices and conventional stand attributes. The primary objectives of this studywere to evaluate changes in structural heterogeneity and tree species diversity at different plot sizes and to quantify the relationships between conventional stand attributes (mean tree diameter, absolute tree density, basal area, species proportion) and structural indices in a mixed old-growth forest in Southeast Europe. Paired tests were used to identify significant changes in structural heterogeneity with increased plot area, while the relationships between stand attributes and analyzed indices (Gini, diameter differentiation, species mingling, and Shannon’s index) were evaluated with Pearson’s correlations. The index values of Gini, diameter differentiation, and tree speciesminglingwere rather stablewith the increase of plot size, whereas tree species diversity increased significantlywith the increase of plot area from200m² to 1500m². Themeasures of tree speciesmingling and tree species diversity were strongly associated with each other, while their association with diameter variability was weak to moderately strong. Tree species mingling index was strongly associated with the changes in tree species proportions. However, conventional stand attributes were generally not strongly correlated with the examined indices. For restoring and maintaining old-growth characteristics, forest managers may use structural indices to increase small-scale structural heterogeneity, tree species mingling, and diversity, but only as an additional set of measures, not as surrogates for conventional stand attributes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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