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A 128-Gb 1-bit/cell 3-D flash memory chip has been developed with 96-word-line-layer technology. A novel chip floorplan architecture with less time constants of wordline and bitline realizes fast read access time. A newly introduced program sequence achieves for higher reliability with less read-retry even after write/erase cycles. External VPP supply (12 V), current mode reference distribution, and auto temperature code refresh are also adopted to boost the performance of the chip. A new duty cycle corrector succeeds in obtaining wider unit interval of the DQS. Consequently, the proposed chip has a read access latency of $4~\mu \text{s}$ and a program time of 75 $\mu \text{s}$ , which is 12–13 and 4–5 times faster than conventional 3-D flash memory with the same technology [Maejima et al. , (2018)]. The random read latency (tRRL) is estimated to be less than 50 $\mu \text{s}$ , which enables in the reduction of total read access time of solid state drive (SSD) system.

We report a Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction of 1,8-diaminonaphthalene (dan)-protected arylboronic acids in the presence of KOt-Bu, which does not require the removal of the dan moiety. Notab...

The metal-catalyzed (Z)-selective hydroboration of terminal alkynes is synthetically challenging due to the usually (E)-selective nature of the hydroboration and the formation of the thermodynamica...

The 1:0.5 hydrated crystal (I) of 2,2′-(anthra[2,3-b:7,6-b′]difuran-5,11-diylidene)dimalononitrile (1) showed aggregation-induced emission (AIE). However, the structurally similar non-solvated crystal (II) did not show AIE. We found that this was because the lack of water of crystallization changed the geometry of the intermolecular π contacts from two-dimensional in I to three-dimensional in II.

Metal-catalyzed trans-1,2-hydrosilylations and hydroborations of terminal alkynes that generate synthetically valuable (Z)-alkenylsilanes and (Z)-alkenylboranes remain challenging due to the (E)-selective nature of the reactions and the formation of the thermodynamically unfavorable (Z)-isomer. The development of new, efficient catalytic systems for the (Z)-selective hydrosilylation and hydroboration of terminal alkynes is thus highly desirable from a fundamental perspective as it would deepen our understanding of the metal-catalyzed (Z)-selective hydrosilylation and hydroboration of terminal alkynes. This personal account describes our research for developing a ruthenium complex that can efficiently catalyze the hydrosilylation and hydroboration of terminal alkynes, and for exploring the factors controlling (Z)-selectivity of the reactions. Our effort into the activation of B-protected boronic acids, R-B(dan) (dan=naphthalene-1,8-diaminato), that was believed not to participate in Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling, is also discussed.

This work demonstrates a novel 1Tb 3D Flash memory chip that has an area efficiency of 10.4Gb/mm2 in a 3b/cell technology. Using a circuit under array (CUA) design technique and over 170 word-line (WL) layers, the chip achieves 33% higher bit density than prior 3b/cell work [1], and better density than in 4b/cell technology [3]. This paper discusses the challenges advanced 3D Flash memories face: using over 100 WL layers results in large parasitic loads and decreases read/program speed, and its complicated operation increases test costs. On the other hand, as high bandwidth is also required, this chip supports a 2.0Gbps IO transfer rate, while maintaining signal integrity. This work introduces four new key technologies to address these difficulties. 1) Asynchronous independent plane read (AIPR), with a 4-plane architecture to improve system-level performance. 2) Enhanced sensing that enables faster read time $(t_{R})$. 3) IO-DCC (duty cycle correction) training for high-speed DDR operation. 4) A scan chain to improve test coverage and cost effectiveness.

A new type of resistive plate chamber (RPC) is under development using thin-film resistive electrodes based on diamond-like carbon (DLC). Planned to be put on the path of high-intensity low-momentum muon beam of the MEG II experiment, this detector is required to be high-rate capable and ultra-low mass. Using a prototype detector with 2 cm $\times$ 2 cm size and 0.1 % $X_0$ material budget, performance studies were conducted for MIP detection efficiency, timing resolution and high rate capability in low-momentum muon beam. In this paper, the measured performance is presented including the result with low-momentum muon beam at rate up to 1 $\mathrm{MHz/cm^2}$. Based on the result, the expected performance of the full-scale detector in the MEG~II experiment is also discussed., Comment: 5 pages, 8 figures. Contribution to the International Conference on Technology and Instrumentation in Particle Physics (TIPP 2021), May 24-28 2021. Submitted to Journal of Physics: Conference Series

The metal-catalyzed (

This research has newly developed a high temperature punch creep forming technique combined with an impurity diffusion process for a downsizing of 3-axis piezoresistive tactile sensor made of single crystal silicon (Si) film. The punch creep forming for micron-thick Si films was able to realize a large out-of-plane deformation in a small area. This research has also estimated the creep coefficient, a, and the creep exponent, β, used in the creep constitutive equation for the Si films at 1050 oC, by the backward analysis; where α=7.52×10−11 MPa−β·s−1 and β=1.67 were identified as the creep parameters, which was quite different from those of bulk Si [1, 2]. As a result, the three-dimensionally (3-D) deformed piezoresistive tiny tactile sensor with a diameter of 320 μm as its sensing area was designed by finite element analyses (FEA) using the creep parameters. Finally, we have succeeded in fabricating the tactile sensor by the punch creep forming. Here, the effect of the punch creep forming on the piezoresistivity without strain was little. Sensitivities in the horizontal and vertical directions of the tactile sensor roughly agreed with predicted values in FEA.

Background Sarcoidosis is systemic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology. Most patients present with pulmonary involvement, but association of cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is critical factor determining prognosis. Recently, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) and 18Ffluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) can detect cardiac lesions in asymptomatic sarcoidosis patients. On the other hand, Conduction abnormalities and ventricular tachycardia are the most common arrhythmias with CS. With the experience of CS pointed out accidentally in PET medical examination at earlier stage got us to recognize the usefulness of CMR, we conducted a study to figure out real-world prevalence of CS in advanced atrioventricular block (AVB) cases and to assess the usability of “aggressive” diagnosis of CS by cardiac MRI.

Cross sectional shape of eroded riverbank consisting of cohesive soil becomes overhanging form. The most of these bank erosion mechanisms has been clarified, but shear stress which is the important index has not been sufficiently examined yet. The aims of this study are to explain the quantitative relation between the shear stress and the flow. For this purpose we measure directly the shear stress acting on the riverbank. It is shown that the shear stress fluctuates greatly near the water surface, and near the bottom the large shear stress acts by momentum exchange due to the secondary flow in the eroded bank.

In Japan, many conventional coal-fired power plants have been introduced, because coal fuel has many advantages in terms of price and availability, compared with oil and gas. In December 1997, the ...

Surface modification of AlInAs/InGaAs high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) wafers has been investigated to suppress the diffusion of fluorine (F) atoms into an n-AlInAs layer. The surface of the HEMT wafer is phosphidized using remote phosphine (PH3) plasma. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy analysis reveals that F diffusion is suppressed even after annealing at 400°C for 15 min for the phosphidized sample. It is also demonstrated by Hall measurements that no significant reduction in the two-dimensional electron density occurs due to annealing. Formation of the modification layer containing phosphorus (P) atoms is shown by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. The PH3 plasma treatment is effective in suppressing the diffusion of F atoms into the n-AlInAs layer.

In order to correct the variation of aerosol density in laser ablation/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, a laboratory-made laser light-scattering cell was inserted into the aerosol transport tube between the laser ablation system and the torch. The temporal variation of signals from the laser light-scattering cell correlated well with that of the ion signals from the mass spectrometer. The precision of ion intensity measurement corrected with the laser light-scattering method was improved to the same level as that attained with the conventional internal standard method even in the single pulse mode.

Effects of high LET charged particles on a perfect in-vivo system are an essential theme for the study of the biological effects of radiation. Germinating onion seeds are independent complete organisms and the radiation induced micronuclei in the root chip cells can be examined quantitatively and theoretically. We irradiated with three types of high energy accelerated heavy ions germinating onion seeds using a synchrotron and observed micronuclei in the root tip cells. Micronuclei induction showed characteristic dose responses of an upward convex bell shape and a steep rise near zero doses for all types of the ions. The bell curve dose responses, however, could be explained by a simple mathematical model. A parameter in the model which indicates micronuclei induction frequency and another parameter which indicates induction frequency of lethal damages (or damages delaying cell divisions) per heavy ion track were both proportional to square of the LET. Because we suspected by-stander effect concerning the dose responses rising steeply near zero doses and tapering off for higher doses, we tested acute irradiation to remove time of information transmittance between cells using a single spill (about 0.3 s) of the synchrotron beam. No difference was detected between normal multiple spill irradiations and single spill., Journal of radiation research, 51(3), pp.315-323; 2010

手術後に発生した広範囲肝梗塞の2例を経験したので報告した.症例1は62歳男性で肝門部胆管癌に対する門脈合併切除を伴う肝左葉兼尾状葉切除後にS8領域に発生した肝梗塞であり, 症例2は46歳男性で胃癌再発例に対する門脈, 肝動脈合併切除兼再建を伴う膵頭十三指腸切除後に発生したものである.前者は術後1か月目に肝不全にて失ったが後者は救命しえた.また肝梗塞の発生機序として, 症例1は剖検により門脈再建部は良好に開存しているのが確認されたが, 右肝動脈前枝が腫瘍に巻き込まれていたため結紮切除しており, その支配領域 (S8) が広範囲に肝梗塞に陥っていた.症例2は胆管空腸吻合部の減圧目的として挿入したretrograde transhepatic biliary drainage tubeで肝内血管を損傷し, その肝内血管支配領域に肝梗塞が発生したと考えられた.これら肝梗塞の診断, および反省点について考察を加え報告した.

Background Radio-frequency catheter ablation (RFCA) in children is difficult because the size of heart chamber change with age and the catheter made for adults is not appropriate for a child. Three-dimensional (3D) images for electroanatomic mapping (EAM) have been used to create from images of multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) which need to perform entailed by contrast medium injection and radiation exposure. This study sought to evaluate the usability of 3D Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Image (CMR) in pediatrics cases.

Bilateral intrahepatic lithiasis is a rare condition, and for this reason a nationwide survey was conducted. Reports on 675 patients with bilateral intrahepatic lithiasis over a 10-year-period were collected. Among these, 258 patients with bilateral intrahepatic lithiasis having no extrahepatic bile duct stones were analyzed. The peak incidence was seen in the fourth to sixth decades. Males and females were equally effected. The stones removed were mainly calcium bilirubinate stones (75.6%). The main clinical symptoms were abdominal pain, fever and jaundice. Charcot's triad was seen in 29.7%, while 12.4% of the patients had no symptoms. Visualization of each segmental duct of the liver by direct cholangiography was excellent in this survey and ranged from 88 to 97.3% of the patients. The most frequent site of stones was the left hepatic duct (60.1%). The site of bile duct dilatation coincided with the location of stones. The most common sites of stenosis were the central part of the lateral segmental duct (32.5%) and the left hepatic duct (37.6%). Hepatic resection was employed in 49.2% of the patients, and drainage procedures were added in 95.6%. Follow-up studies of 236 patients treated by surgery revealed good results in 67.4%, fair in 13.6%, and poor in 7.6%. In these patients, however, endoscopic lithotomy was often employed intra- and/or post-operatively. Conducting hepatic resection, with adequate biliary drainage procedure and cholangiofiberscopic lithotomy may help to improve the therapeutic results of bilateral intrahepatic lithiasis.

MgO thin films are applied to the protective layer of plasma-dispray devices, because of high secondery electron emission and low sputtering rate. In this study, We investigated the formation of MgO thin films by ion-plating process. The MgO thin films by ion-plating process showed high transparency and high deposition rate.

Two cases of intrahepatic gallstones with stenosis of the common hepatic duct caused by overriding of the right hepatic artery are described. The probable diagnosis of the compression of the bile duct by the artery was obtained by superimposing a direct cholangiogram on an angiogram. The final diagnosis was made at operation. The first patient was successfully treated by resection of the compressed common hepatic duct with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy anterior to the right hepatic artery. In the second patient, lateral segmentectomy and cholangiojejunostomy were performed.

肝細胞癌に対する術前肝動脈塞栓術施行例25例と非施行例23例の病理学的検索を行った.スポンゼル単独使用群8例と, 抗癌剤併用群17例とは壊死率に差はなく, 手術を前提として肝動脈塞栓術を行う場合塞栓物質のみにて肝動脈塞栓術を行い早期に腫瘍を含む硬塞病変の切除を行うべきものと考えられた.壊死組織の診断には鍍銀染色が有用であり, 完全壊死例を含め肝細胞癌として特徴を示すものが多く診断価値があるものと考えられた, また肝動脈塞栓術から手術までの期間による組織修復過程は, 形態学的に経時的なパターンを示さなかった.これは結節の大きいものは修復過程の遅延が起るものと考えられた.

To determine problems involved in the treatment and diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, a collective study of small carcinoma of the pancreas (2 cm or less in diameter) was performed. One hundred six cases were collected and analyzed. The results were as follows: In small carcinoma of the pancreas, the resectability rate was 99.0% and the operative mortality rate was 4%. Only 44% of the patients belonged to Stage I, and 14% belonged to Stage III or IV. Lymph node involvement, capsular invasion, retroperitoneal invasion, and vascular invasion were found in 30, 20, 12, and 9% of the patients, respectively. The postoperative cumulative 5-year survival rate was 30.3%, and that of Stage I was 37.0%. A small-sized tumor of the pancreas is not always an early carcinoma, but a tumor in Stage I may be regarded as an early carcinoma. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography were the main diagnostic indicators in cases with and without jaundice, respectively. There was no specific single serum test for detecting small pancreatic cancer.

A 39 year-old Japanese female patient with a duplication of the distal portion of the common bile duct is presented herein. Moreover, an abnormal arrangement of the pancreaticobiliary ductal union, congenital biliary dilatation and carcinoma of the gallbladder were all demonstrated by cholangiographic and endoscopical studies. The patient underwent radical surgery for advanced adenosquamous carcinoma of the gallbladder, and her postoperative course was satisfactory. A reflux of pancreatic juice into the bile duct was demonstrated, but it was eliminated and considered to be a contributory etiologic factor of the gallbladder carcinoma.

Among the various benign biliary tract diseases, intrahepatic lithiasis is the most refractory condition to treat surgically. Recently, endoscopic treatment (mainly cholangiofiberscopic lithotomy) has been more and more frequently employed. A nationwide survey by questionnaire was conducted in 1985 to clarify the exact status of the current therapies for intrahepatic lithiasis in Japan. A total of 143 institutions (33.4%) responded to our questionnaire, and 2614 cases over a 10-year-period were collected and analyzed. Operation alone was performed in 53.8%, operation plus endoscopic treatment in 38.6%, operation plus dissolution therapy in 5.5%, operation plus endoscopic treatment and dissolution therapy in 0.04% and endoscopic treatment alone in 2.1%. The most common treatment was surgery. This was employed in 97.9% of all the patients, but endoscopic treatment was added in 40.7% of the cases to extract stones mainly intra- and/or post-operatively. Dissolution therapy was carried out occasionally, but with poor results. Conducting both adequate surgical biliary drainage and cholangiofiberscopic lithotomy may result in a marked improvement in the treatment of this intractable disease.

An enzyme immunoassay for polyamines is described which uses β-galactosidase labeled spermine and antiserum raised in rabbits against spermine-bovine serum albumin synthesized by coupling spermine to mercaptosuccinylated bovine serum albumin with a bifunctional cross-linker, N-(γ-maleimidobutyryloxy)-succinimide. The lower limit of detection by this assay, which involves a double antibody technique for the separation of antibody-bound and free antigen, was 1 ng of spermine per tube. The anti-spermine serum showed 88% cross-reaction with spermidine but only 0.13% with putrescine, 0.08% with 1,3-diaminopropane, and 0.04% with cadaverine. The method has been used to measure serum polyamine levels in healthy subjects and cancer patients, in whom mean concentrations of 58.1 ng/ml and 94.8 ng/ml (as spermine), were respectively noted. This enzyme immunoassay is specific, accurate and easy to perform, and appears suitable for routine clinical use.

The patient was a 59-year-old man without any particular complaint. Upon examination, he was found to have a high serum CEA level, and a subsequent detailed examination revealed a hepatic tumor in the medial segment of the left hepatic lobe (S4). The tumor was suspected of being metastatic because his serum AFP level was within normal range. Detailed examination of other intra-abdominal organs, however, revealed no abnormalities. Therefore, after diagnosis of a primary hepatic carcinoma producing CEA, the S4 subsegment was excised using the microwave coagulator. The tumor size was 2.6×1.8cm. Histopathologically, it was found to be a hepatocellular carcinoma of Edmondson type II with a capsule. The postoperative course has been favorable; the serum CEA level returned to normal, thereby confirming the production of CEA by the tumor. Increased CEA levels are rare in primary hepatocellular carcinomas, but very common in metastatic liver cancers. Therefore, detailed examination of other intra-adbominal organs is necessary in the diagnosis of such cases.

Eighty-seven patients with carcinoma of the gallbladder treated in our hospital over a 15-year period were reviewed. Macroscopic curative resection was performed in 30 cases, 6 of which received second-look operations, and their cumulative five-year survival rate was 42.6 per cent. Histological and clinical analysis of our cases initially diagnosed by postoperative histologic examination revealed that the depth of carcinomatous invasion was the most important criterion for the indication of second-look operation, and that the second-look operation is mandatory for the inapparent carcinoma limited to the muscularis or subserosa. The surgical procedures of the second-look operation were: resection of the anterior inferior and medial inferior areas of the liver and dissection of the regional lymph-nodes. The presence of invasion of carcinoma to the cut end of the cystic duct or severe carcinomatous invasion to the lymphatic vessels were also important histopathologic findings for a second-look operation. Cases in which lymphatic invasions are remarkably observed, should receive an en bloc hepato-cholecystectomy plus a resection of the extrahepatic bile duct with neural tissues and soft fatty tissues in the hepatoduodenal ligament in a two-stage operation.

Resected hepatic tissues of 24 patients with primary intrahepatic lithiasis were examined histo-pathologically. Calcium bilirubinate stones, cellular debris and mucinous substances occupied the lumen of large dilated intrahepatic bile ducts. Numerous mucin secreting glands were seen within or around the wall of these bile ducts. Similar structures were demonstrated in two patients with non calculous congenital dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts. Cholestasis was often absent in the hepatic parenchyma. Production of intrahepatic gallstones may be caused by not only biliary stasis and infection, but also by intraductal mucin and slow flowing bile in combination with cellular debris, bile pigment and other bile components.

From 1965 to 1980, reoperations for residual or recurrent stones were performed on 78 out of 962 Japanese patients with cholelithiasis. The majority of patients who required reoperation had intrahepatic stones. Most of the causes of reoperation were residual stones due to incomplete removal or the non-detection of intrahepatic stones at the previous surgery. Very careful examination of the intrahepatic biliary trees should be done in patients with biliary tract diseases, because in many, the first operation was done during their youth. To remove the intrahepatic calculi completely, hepatic lobectomy should be considered as a final procedure. The causes of reoperation of common duct stones were residual in 60 per cent and recurrent in 40 per cent. Definitive surgery should be done at the first or at least the second operation to avoid irreversible hepatic disorders which have untoward effects on the prognosis. It is important not only to remove the stones but also to relieve the bile stasis in the biliary tract.

One hundred and nineteen patients with intrahepatic stones treated surgically in Nagasaki University Hospital from 1969 to 1984 were reviewed. The patients were divided into four types according to location of the stones and the presence or absence of stenotic lesions and/or localized dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts. Types I and II patients were treated with choledocholithotomy or choledochojejunostomy, while type III patients underwent hepatic resection and type IV patients were treated by partial hepatic resection with bilioenteric anastomosis, including extended hepatico-choledochojejunostomy. The majority of operative or early deaths belonged to type IV and residual stones were present in almost all patients. The long-term results for the 88 patients revealed that the rate of improvement was 100 per cent for type I, 87 per cent for type II, 83 per cent for type III and 84 per cent for type IV. In type IV, the most excellent results (92 per cent) were obtained by extended hepaticocholedochojejunostomy, especially with hepatectomy. It is suggested that extended hepaticocholedochojejunostomy with partial hepatic resection is a reasonable procedure for treating patients with type IV intrahepatic stones.