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3. Family still matters: Human social motivation across 42 countries during a global pandemic

Author

Pick, Cari M., Ko, Ahra, Wormley, Alexandra S., Wiezel, Adi, Kenrick, Douglas T., Al-Shawaf, Laith, Barry, Oumar, Bereby-Meyer, Yoella, Boonyasiriwat, Watcharaporn, Brandstätter, Eduard, Crispim, Ana Carla, Cruz, Julio Eduardo, David, Daniel, David, Oana A., Defelipe, Renata Pereira, Elmas, Pinar, Espinosa, Agustín, Fernandez, Ana Maria, Fetvadjiev, Velichko H., Fetvadjieva, Stefka, Fischer, Ronald, Galdi, Silvia, Galindo-Caballero, Oscar Javier, Golovina, Galina M., Gomez-Jacinto, Luis, Graf, Sylvie, Grossmann, Igor, Gul, Pelin, Halama, Peter, Hamamura, Takeshi, Hansson, Lina S., Hitokoto, Hidefumi, Hřebíčková, Martina, Ilic, Darinka, Johnson, Jennifer Lee, Kara-Yakoubian, Mane, Karl, Johannes A., Kohút, Michal, Lasselin, Julie, Li, Norman P., Mafra, Anthonieta Looman, Malanchuk, Oksana, Moran, Simone, Murata, Asuka, Ndiaye, Serigne Abdou Lahat, O, Jiaqing, Onyishi, Ike E., Pasay-an, Eddieson, Rizwan, Muhammed, Roth, Eric, Salgado, Sergio, Samoylenko, Elena S., Savchenko, Tatyana N., Sevincer, A. Timur, Skoog, Eric, Stanciu, Adrian, Suh, Eunkook M., Sznycer, Daniel, Talhelm, Thomas, Ugwu, Fabian O., Uskul, Ayse K., Uz, Irem, Valentova, Jaroslava Varella, Varella, Marco Antonio Correa, Zambrano, Danilo, and Varnum, Michael E.W.

Published
2022
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4. Publisher Correction: Fundamental social motives measured across forty-two cultures in two waves

Author

Pick, Cari M., Ko, Ahra, Kenrick, Douglas T., Wiezel, Adi, Wormley, Alexandra S., Awad, Edmond, Al-Shawaf, Laith, Barry, Oumar, Bereby-Meyer, Yoella, Boonyasiriwat, Watcharaporn, Brandstätter, Eduard, Ceylan-Batur, Suzan, Choy, Bryan K. C., Crispim, Ana Carla, Cruz, Julio Eduardo, David, Daniel, David, Oana A., Defelipe, Renata Pereira, Elmas, Pinar, Espinosa, Agustín, Fernandez, Ana Maria, Fetvadjiev, Velichko H., Fetvadjieva, Stefka, Fischer, Ronald, Galdi, Silvia, Galindo-Caballero, Oscar Javier, Golovina, Elena V., Golovina, Galina M., Gomez-Jacinto, Luis, Graf, Sylvie, Grossmann, Igor, Gul, Pelin, Halama, Peter, Hamamura, Takeshi, Han, Shihui, Hansson, Lina S., Hitokoto, Hidefumi, Hřebíčková, Martina, Ilic, Darinka, Johnson, Jennifer Lee, Kara-Yakoubian, Mane, Karl, Johannes A., Kim, Jinseok P., Kohút, Michal, Lasselin, Julie, Lee, Hwaryung, Li, Norman P., Mafra, Anthonieta Looman, Malanchuk, Oksana, Moran, Simone, Murata, Asuka, Na, Jinkyung, Ndiaye, Serigne Abdou Lahat, O, Jiaqing, Onyishi, Ike E., Pasay-an, Eddieson, Rizwan, Muhammed, Roth, Eric, Salgado, Sergio, Samoylenko, Elena S., Savchenko, Tatyana N., Sette, Catarina, Sevincer, A. Timur, Skoog, Eric, Stanciu, Adrian, Suh, Eunkook M., Sznycer, Daniel, Talhelm, Thomas, Ugwu, Fabian O., Uskul, Ayse K., Uz, Irem, Valentova, Jaroslava Varella, Varella, Marco Antonio Correa, Wei, Liuqing, Zambrano, Danilo, and Varnum, Michael E. W.

Published
2022
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5. Fundamental social motives measured across forty-two cultures in two waves

Author

Pick, Cari M., Ko, Ahra, Kenrick, Douglas T., Wiezel, Adi, Wormley, Alexandra S., Awad, Edmond, Al-Shawaf, Laith, Barry, Oumar, Bereby-Meyer, Yoella, Boonyasiriwat, Watcharaporn, Brandstätter, Eduard, Ceylan-Batur, Suzan, Choy, Bryan K. C., Crispim, Ana Carla, Cruz, Julio Eduardo, David, Daniel, David, Oana A., Defelipe, Renata Pereira, Elmas, Pinar, Espinosa, Agustín, Fernandez, Ana Maria, Fetvadjiev, Velichko H., Fetvadjieva, Stefka, Fischer, Ronald, Galdi, Silvia, Galindo-Caballero, Oscar Javier, Golovina, Elena V., Golovina, Galina M., Gomez-Jacinto, Luis, Graf, Sylvie, Grossmann, Igor, Gul, Pelin, Halama, Peter, Hamamura, Takeshi, Han, Shihui, Hansson, Lina S., Hitokoto, Hidefumi, Hřebíčková, Martina, Ilic, Darinka, Johnson, Jennifer Lee, Kara-Yakoubian, Mane, Karl, Johannes A., Kim, Jinseok P., Kohút, Michal, Lasselin, Julie, Lee, Hwaryung, Li, Norman P., Mafra, Anthonieta Looman, Malanchuk, Oksana, Moran, Simone, Murata, Asuka, Na, Jinkyung, Ndiaye, Serigne Abdou Lahat, O, Jiaqing, Onyishi, Ike E., Pasay-an, Eddieson, Rizwan, Muhammed, Roth, Eric, Salgado, Sergio, Samoylenko, Elena S., Savchenko, Tatyana N., Sette, Catarina, Sevincer, A. Timur, Skoog, Eric, Stanciu, Adrian, Suh, Eunkook M., Sznycer, Daniel, Talhelm, Thomas, Ugwu, Fabian O., Uskul, Ayse K., Uz, Irem, Valentova, Jaroslava Varella, Varella, Marco Antonio Correa, Wei, Liuqing, Zambrano, Danilo, and Varnum, Michael E. W.

Published
2022
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12. Signal detection on the battlefield: priming self-protection vs. revenge-mindedness differentially modulates the detection of enemies and allies.

Author

Becker, D Vaughn, Mortensen, Chad R, Ackerman, Joshua M, Shapiro, Jenessa R, Anderson, Uriah S, Sasaki, Takao, Maner, Jon K, Neuberg, Steven L, and Kenrick, Douglas T

Subjects
Humans, Facial Expression, Photic Stimulation, Anger, Hostility, Cues, Perception, Discrimination (Psychology), Decision Making, Female, Male, Discrimination, Psychological, Discrimination, Psychological, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Detecting signs that someone is a member of a hostile outgroup can depend on very subtle cues. How do ecology-relevant motivational states affect such detections? This research investigated the detection of briefly-presented enemy (versus friend) insignias after participants were primed to be self-protective or revenge-minded. Despite being told to ignore the objectively nondiagnostic cues of ethnicity (Arab vs. Western/European), gender, and facial expressions of the targets, both priming manipulations enhanced biases to see Arab males as enemies. They also reduced the ability to detect ingroup enemies, even when these faces displayed angry expressions. These motivations had very different effects on accuracy, however, with self-protection enhancing overall accuracy and revenge-mindedness reducing it. These methods demonstrate the importance of considering how signal detection tasks that occur in motivationally-charged environments depart from results obtained in conventionally motivationally-inert laboratory settings.

Published
2011

14. Self-Actualization, Human Nature, and Global Social Problems

Author

Kenrick, Douglas T.

Subjects
Maslow's hierarchy of needs -- Analysis, Life history theory -- Influence, Social sciences
Abstract

Abraham Maslow's classic theory of motivation was in some ways a precursor to modern evolutionary approaches to human behavior, in that he posited multiple independent and universal motivational systems. Maslow's hierarchical model, often conceptualized as a pyramid of motives, has recently been renovated to fit with the last half century of research and theory at the interface of evolutionary biology and the social sciences. Adopting a modern evolutionary life history approach to human motivation could be useful to understand important social problems., Author(s): Douglas T. Kenrick [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, 0000 0001 2151 2636, grid.215654.1, , 85287-1104, Tempe, AZ, USA Back in the 1940s and 1950s, [...]

Published
2017
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25. Fundamental social motives measured across forty-two cultures in two waves

Author

Wiezel, Adi, Ceylan Batur, Suzan, Kenrick, Douglas T., Pick, Cari M., Ko, Ahra, Wormley, Alexandra S., Varnum, Michael E. W., Wiezel, Adi, Ceylan Batur, Suzan, Kenrick, Douglas T., Pick, Cari M., Ko, Ahra, Wormley, Alexandra S., and Varnum, Michael E. W.

Abstract

How does psychology vary across human societies? The fundamental social motives framework adopts an evolutionary approach to capture the broad range of human social goals within a taxonomy of ancestrally recurring threats and opportunities. These motives-self-protection, disease avoidance, affiliation, status, mate acquisition, mate retention, and kin care-are high in fitness relevance and everyday salience, yet understudied cross-culturally. Here, we gathered data on these motives in 42 countries (N = 15,915) in two cross-sectional waves, including 19 countries (N = 10,907) for which data were gathered in both waves. Wave 1 was collected from mid-2016 through late 2019 (32 countries, N = 8,998; 3,302 male, 5,585 female; M-age = 24.43, SD = 7.91). Wave 2 was collected from April through November 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic (29 countries, N = 6,917; 2,249 male, 4,218 female; M-age = 28.59, SD = 11.31). These data can be used to assess differences and similarities in people's fundamental social motives both across and within cultures, at different time points, and in relation to other commonly studied cultural indicators and outcomes., National Science Foundation [1822713]; FAPESP (SAo Paulo Research Foundation) [17-14387S, 20-01214S]; Czech Science Foundation [17-14387S, 20-01214S]; Institute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences [RVO: 68081740]; Departmental Research Funds from the Department of Psychology at Aberystwyth University; Universidad de La Frontera [DI20-0080]; National Science Foundation Graduate Student Fellowship Program, The authors thank Becca Neel and Mark Schaller for comments on an earlier draft. The data from Kenya were collected by Busara Center for Behavioral Economics. The contributions of M.E.W.V., D.T.K., C.M.P., and A.S.W. were supported by grant #1822713 from the National Science Foundation. The contributions of A.C.C. and R.P.D. were supported by funding from FAPESP (SAo Paulo Research Foundation). The contributions of S. Graf and M.H. were supported by grants #17-14387S and #20-01214S from the Czech Science Foundation and by RVO: 68081740 of the Institute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences. The contributions of J.O were supported by Departmental Research Funds from the Department of Psychology at Aberystwyth University. The contributions of S.S. were supported by Project DIUFRO DI20-0080 from Universidad de La Frontera. A.S.W. was supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Student Fellowship Program.

Published
2022

41. Adolescents' Age Preferences for Dating Partners: Support for an Evolutionary Model of Life-History Strategies.

Author

Kenrick, Douglas T.

Abstract

Explored sex differences in adolescent preference for older versus younger mates. Found that teenage males were willing to date females of a wide age range, whereas teenage females prefer dating males from their own age to several years older. Data suggested viewing development of sex differences in dating partner preference from the perspective of an evolutionary life-history model. (MOK)

Published
1996

47. Following in the wake of anger: when not discriminating is discriminating

Author

Shapiro, Jenessa R., Ackerman, Joshua M., Neuberg, Steven L., Maner, Jon K., Becker, D. Vaughn, and Kenrick, Douglas T.

Subjects
Prejudices -- Research, Stereotype (Psychology) -- Demographic aspects, Psychology and mental health
Abstract

Does seeing a scowling face change your impression of the next person you see? Does this depend on the race of the two people? Across four studies, White participants evaluated neutrally expressive White males as less threatening when they followed angry (relative to neutral) White faces; Black males were not judged as less threatening following angry Black faces. This lack of threat-anchored contrast for Black male faces is not attributable to a general tendency for White targets to homogenize Black males--neutral Black targets following smiling Black faces were contrasted away from them and seen as less friendly--and emerged only for perceivers low in motivation to respond without prejudice (i.e., for those relatively comfortable responding prejudicially). This research provides novel evidence for the overperception of threat in Black males. Keywords: prejudice; stereotypes; threat; race; internal motivation to respond without prejudice

Published
2009

48. Cooperative courtship: helping friends raise and raze relationship barriers

Author

Ackerman, Joshua M. and Kenrick, Douglas T.

Subjects
Courtship -- Research, Romantic love -- Social aspects, Helping behavior -- Research, Psychology and mental health
Abstract

Do people help each other form romantic relationships? Research on the role of the social environment in relationship formation has traditionally focused on competition, but this article investigates novel patterns of cooperation within courtship interactions. Drawing on a functional/evolutionary perspective, women are predicted to cooperate primarily in building romantic thresholds and barriers; men are predicted to cooperate primarily in achieving romantic access. In support of these predictions, four studies reveal that people consistently perceive cooperation, report cooperative behavior, and make cooperative decisions in romantic situations. People also provide the opposite pattern of help to opposite-sex friends from that provided to same-sex friends, suggesting that assistance is flexibly tuned to differences in the romantic selectivity of recipients. Cooperative courtship is revealed to be a commonly used set of mating strategies by which people functionally tailor aid to promote both their own and their friends' romantic relationship interests. Keywords: cooperation; romantic relationships; helping/ prosocial behavior; courtship; evolutionary psychology

Published
2009

49. Aggress to impress: hostility as an evolved context-dependent strategy

Author

Griskevicius, Vladas, Tybur, Joshua M., Gangestad, Steven W., Perea, Elaine F., Shapiro, Jenessa R., and Kenrick, Douglas T.

Subjects
Aggressiveness (Psychology) -- Research, Mate selection -- Research, Sex differences (Psychology) -- Evaluation, Psychology and mental health, Sociology and social work
Abstract

Given the high costs of aggression, why have people evolved to act aggressively'? Comparative biologists have frequently observed links between aggression, status, and mating in nonhuman animals. In this series of experiments, the authors examined the effects of status, competition, and mating motives on men's and women's aggression. For men, status motives increased direct aggression (face-to-face confrontation). Men's aggression was also boosted by mating motives, but only when observers were other men. For women, both status and mating motives increased indirect aggression (e.g.. socially excluding the perpetrator). Although neither status nor mating motives increased women's direct aggression, women did become more directly aggressive when motivated to compete for scarce resources. These context- and sex-specific effects on human aggression contribute to a broader understanding of the functional nature of aggressive behavior. Keywords: sexual selection, aggression, status competition, sex differences, mating strategies

Published
2009

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