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The land speed record vehicle, Bloodhound, undertook testing at subsonic and low transonic speeds (up to Mach 0.8) at Hakskeen Pan, South Africa, during October and November of 2019. A decade of CFD-led aerodynamic design had been undertaken to produce a vehicle with the aim of minimised Mach number aerodynamic dependencies and minimised overall drag. This paper sets out and explains the measured pressure distributions with a focus on the highest speed run of Bloodhound up to a peak speed of 628 mile/h. It compares the measured aerodynamic performance with the various CFD model predictions used throughout the design process showing that, whilst localised discrepancies between CFD model and real behaviour exist, overall the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS)-based CFD tools used to design the car did result in sufficiently accurate aerodynamic data to predict the overall vehicle performance to a high degree of accuracy. The work outlined in this paper, and the conclusions and recommendations drawn, form the basis for a future record attempt and the understanding of what will be required in principle to extend the World Land Speed Record to 1000 mile/h. It also provides guidance on how to effectively make use of RANS-based CFD modelling predictions for other complex, ground-interacting high-speed applications.

Background Opioid treatment delays the onset of oral P2Y12 inhibitors in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), leading to suboptimal antithrombotic therapy during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). Material and methods We retrospectively compared using a prolonged enoxaparin regimen (0.75 mg/kg bolus followed by 6-hour intravenous infusion) to using unfractionated heparin (UFH) with or without tirofiban in opioid-treated patients with STEMI who underwent PPCI. We compared the proportions of acute stent thrombosis (AST) and bleeding events according to the bleeding academic research consortium (BARC) within 24 hours post-PPCI. Results 270 opioid-treated patients with a mean age of 63 [SD ± 12] years were enrolled, of which 49 (18%) were with diabetes mellitus (DM). 90 (34%) patients (mean age 61 [SD ± 11] years) received enoxaparin, 110 (41%) (mean age 65 [SD ± 14] years) UFH with tirofiban, and 69 (25%) (mean age 63 [SD ± 12] years) UFH only. Compared to the other strategies, a higher proportion of DM was observed in the enoxaparin-treated group (21%). No AST was associated with enoxaparin compared to 2 (1.8%) events in UFH with tirofiban and 1 (1.4%) in UFH only. The rate of severe bleeding events (BARC 2 and 3) was significantly lower in the enoxaparin-treated patients than in UFH with tirofiban (0 (0%) vs. 8 (7%), P = 0.01). 3 enoxaparin-treated patients needed switching to tirofiban as a bailout strategy due to distal vessel embolisation. Conclusions The novel 6-hour enoxaparin regimen is safe during PPCI and was associated with fewer bleeding events than UFH with tirofiban.

This article examines naval surveying voyages undertaken between 1815 and 1860 by Phillip Parker King, Francis Price Blackwood, Owen Stanley and Henry Mangles Denham to discuss the improvements to the navigation of the Inner and Outer shipping routes along the Great Barrier Reef. The Inner Route lay between Australia’s east coast and the western edge of the reefs while the Outer Route was situated in open sea beyond the eastern edge of the reefs. These were some of the most dangerous waters for ships in the Pacific off Australia’s east coast. The article analyses the improvements to both routes resulting from the surveying of the naval commanders referred to above; it explains why the choice between the Inner and Outer routes was difficult to make; and it shows that the Outer Route was increasingly favoured by merchant vessels.

This article analyses the work of Richard Daintree as Agent-General for Emigration from the United Kingdom to Queensland when he held that role between 1872 and 1876. Daintree designed exhibitions in London to attract emigrants, placed advertisements in newspapers, wrote a guide to Queensland’s resources, liaised with shipping companies for passenger berths, lectured in the provinces to potential emigrants, and cooperated with emigration sub-agents provided by Queensland’s government for Scotland and Ireland. Daintree contended with two main problems during his period as Agent-General. One involved a serious case of fraud discovered in his London office, but he was not responsible for its occurrence. The other was that a change of Queensland premier from Arthur Hunter Palmer, with whom he had worked cordially, to Arthur Macalister, with whom he had fraught relations, adversely affected his work. Overall, however, the article shows that Daintree was successful in increasing net migration to Queensland during his incumbency as Agent-General.

The standard Yee FDTD algorithm is widely used in computational electromagnetics because of its simplicity and divergence free nature. A generalization of this classical scheme to 3D unstructured co-volume meshes is adopted, based on the use of a Delaunay primal mesh and its high quality Voronoi dual. This circumvents the problem of accuracy losses, which are normally associated with the use of a staircased representation of curved material interfaces in the standard Yee scheme. The procedure has been successfully employed for modelling problems involving both isotropic and anisotropic lossy materials. Here, we consider the novel extension of this approach to allow for the challenging modelling of chiral materials, where the material parameters are frequency dependent. To adequately model the dispersive behaviour, the Z-transform is employed, using second order Padé approximations to maintain the accuracy of the basic scheme. To validate the implementation, the numerical results produced are compared with available analytical solutions. The stability of the chiral algorithm is also studied.

This article analyses the musical work of the Brisbane Musical Union (BMU) between its founding in 1872 and the consolidation of its position by 1898. During this period, the BMU benefited from the dedicated leadership of its main conductor, R. T. Jefferies, who drew upon his high standing as a violinist, ensemble player and conductor in Brisbane to present regular choral concerts, mainly comprising oratorios, with an amateur choir. Despite financial challenges, difficulties over rehearsal and concert venues, periodic problems concerning the choice of repertoire, an insufficient number of available professional musicians and competition from rival local musical societies, Jefferies’ work with the BMU promoted an important aspect of high musical culture to the public and laid the foundations for further development of classical musical performance in Brisbane.