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384 results on '"Kenji Aoki"'

1. Estimation of the earlywood and latewood ratio with different particle size of dry and wet milled Japanese cedar wood flour by using hyperspectral imaging

Author

Hikaru Kobori, Akari Egawa, Kazuya Sakaguchi, Yoichi Kojima, and Kenji Aoki

Subjects
Earlywood, Latewood, Wood flour, Hyperspectral imaging, Forestry, SD1-669.5, Building construction, TH1-9745
Abstract

Abstract Mechanical properties of wood–plastic composites are influenced by a particle size and surface morphology of wood flour. Generally various sizes of wood flour are produced from single solid wood even if the single process is used. If the different particle size of wood flour is produced from different wood tissue such as earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW), not only particle size but also density and chemical composition of wood flour might influence the mechanical property of final products. This study aims to investigate the relationship between particle size and their origin; EW and LW. EW and LW were separately milled to produce the EW and LW flour by dry and wet milling. Hyperspectral images ranging 400–1000 nm for each wood flour were used as training data. Discriminant model of EW and LW flour developed by PLS-DA showed over 0.77 of accuracy. Then the EW and LW were dry and wet milled together and screened by three different sieve openings to obtain different particle size wood flour. Discriminant model was applied for the hyperspectral images of each size of wood flour to estimate the EW and LW ratio. The result showed that increasing sieve opening resulted in the increasing ratio of LW for dry milled wood flours. The results suggest that the EW was easily pulverized than LW.

Published
2024
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2. Investigation of mechanical properties and elucidation of factors affecting wood-based structural panels under embedment stress with a circular dowel II: detailed observation for plywood and OSB using DIC and CT scanning

Author

Ryutaro Sudo and Kenji Aoki

Subjects
Wood-based structural panel, Plywood (PW), Oriented strand board (OSB), Digital image correlation (DIC), Computed tomography scanning (CT scan), Embedment, Forestry, SD1-669.5, Building construction, TH1-9745
Abstract

Abstract Although embedment properties are vital to timber engineering, the behavior and strain distributions in wood-based panels have not been clarified in detail. Our early studies suggested four possible causes of failure behavior and strain distribution: (i) two types of failure behavior (in-plane and out-of-plane failure); (ii) enlargement of the stress-spreading range with increasing load step; (iii) reduction of the stress-spreading range (normalized by dowel diameter) with increasing dowel diameter; and (iv) preferential stress spreading in the vertical and horizontal directions along the strong and weak-axis specifications, respectively. However, these hypotheses were not supported by actual observations. The present study aims to observe and clarify the surface strain distribution via digital image correlation and the internal failure behavior via computed tomography scanning. Most results of the wood-based panel specimens (plywood and oriented strand board) did not contradict the above hypotheses. The failure behaviors of plywood and oriented strand board are likely determined by the direction of the veneer fibers and the layer’s position, respectively. Within the strong axial layer of plywood, fibers on both sides of the dowel were densified by fibers dissociated immediately above the dowel, whereas the weak axial layer in plywood was deformed like a timber under partial compression perpendicular to the grain. In contrast, oriented strand board under an embedding stress exhibited a circularly distributed strain and a dispersed void area in its outer layer. Densification was observed only in the inner layer.

Published
2023
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3. Investigation of mechanical properties and elucidation of factors affecting wood-based structural panels under embedment stress with a circular dowel i: analysis of the influence of various conditions on the embedment properties

Author

Ryutaro Sudo, Kenji Aoki, and Masahiro Inayama

Subjects
Wood-based structural panel, Plywood (PW), Oriented strand board (OSB), Particleboard (PB), Medium density fiberboard (MDF), Hardboard (HB), Forestry, SD1-669.5, Building construction, TH1-9745
Abstract

Abstract Embedment properties are vital to timber structural designs, and many types of wood-based structural panels have been developed for diverse uses. Comprehensive and systematic studies regarding the embedment properties of wood-based structural panels are limited. In this study, a jig that allows the observation of fracture processes is developed, and a monotonic tensile embedment test is conducted on plywood, oriented strandboard (both strong and weak axes), particleboard, medium density fiberboard, and hardboard. The parameters used in the test are the dowel diameter, pilot hole size, and end and edge distances. The effects of these parameters on the embedment properties (i.e., the failure mode, ductility, maximum stress, and yield stress) are discussed comprehensively. The failure mode is determined by the edge distance. At a sufficient edge distance, ductile failure occurs, and the load is maintained until the remaining end distance reaches a certain value. The maximum stress and yield stress are analyzed quantitatively via standardized multiple regression analysis. The results suggest the following: (i) The ratio of the in-plane strength to the internal bond strength is related to the failure behavior; (ii) the dowel diameter, fiber direction, and load levels affect the stress spread pattern of the embedment pressure.

Published
2023
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4. Mechanical properties of hybrid joints in timber structures

Author

Kosuke Imakawa, Yo Ochiai, Kenji Aoki, Naruhito Hori, Akio Takemura, and Tetsuo Yamaguchi

Subjects
Timber structure, Hybrid joint, Adhesion, Mechanical joint, Adhesive fillet, Forestry, SD1-669.5, Building construction, TH1-9745
Abstract

Abstract Mechanical joints with screws or bolts are widely employed in timber structures and are known to provide high toughness. However, they result in low stiffness, which is a representative limitation of wood structural joints. In this study, we investigated the mechanical properties of hybrid joints comprising mechanical and adhesive joints, to prevent the decrease in stiffness while maintaining high toughness. Wood and steel plates were joined with screws and adhesives, and their stiffness, bearing capacity, and fracture energy were evaluated by lap-shear tests. We inferred that the stiffness and bearing capacity of the hybrid joints change with the type of adhesive used, while the fracture energy primarily depends on the diameter of the screws. Interestingly, when the adhesive strength was too large, a decrease in the fracture energy was observed because the precursory rupture of the adhesive joint triggered the wood failure in the fastened regions and lead to the early pull-out of the screws. To suppress such decrease and early pull-out, an adhesive fillet, i.e., the coating of the adhesive onto a larger area than that of the steel plate, was investigated. Accordingly, we successfully improved the toughness. Our results suggest the importance of optimal designs for the hybrid joint in timber structures.

Published
2022
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5. Experimental study of compressive properties parallel to grain of glulam

Author

Marina Totsuka, Robert Jockwer, Hiro Kawahara, Kenji Aoki, and Masahiro Inayama

Subjects
Glulam, Damage zone, Compression parallel to grain, Joints, Connections, Surface roughness, Forestry, SD1-669.5, Building construction, TH1-9745
Abstract

Abstract This paper describes results and analysis of experiment of compression behavior parallel to grain of glulam (Norway Spruce, Japanese cedar, and Japanese cypress), especially in damage zones near loading plates and joints. To investigate the influence factors of physical properties and the mechanism of the damage zone near the loading plates or the joints, compression tests on 90 specimens and surface-measurement tests on 48 specimens were performed. As a result, it was observed that damage zones existed near the loading plates and the joints. The lengths of the damage zone of wood–wood joints are larger than that of wood–steel joints. The length of the damage zone was independent of the load and the height of the specimens. However, the length of the damage zone and its scatter increase as the width of the cross-section increases, as does the roughness on the contact surface. It was considered that the cause of the damage zone is the roughness on the contact surface and the length of the damage zone depends on the roughness on the contact surface. Therefore, the length of the damage zone depends on the processing accuracy on the contact surface and has an increasing trend as the contact-surface area increases. There was the size effect of the height of the specimens on the compressive strength because of knots.

Published
2022
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6. Prediction of cellulose nanofibril (CNF) amount of CNF/polypropylene composite using near infrared spectroscopy

Author

Kazushige Murayama, Hikaru Kobori, Yoichi Kojima, Kenji Aoki, and Shigehiko Suzuki

Subjects
Cellulose nanofibril/polypropylene composite, Cellulose nanofibril amount, Near infrared spectroscopy, Quantitative analysis, Forestry, SD1-669.5, Building construction, TH1-9745
Abstract

Abstract The final goal of this study is to establish a classification method of cellulose nanofibril (CNF)/plastic composites such as their CNF amount, CNF types, and resin types, which are expected to progress the commercialization in the future, using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. To achieve this goal, NIR spectra of injection and film samples with different types and addition ratios of CNFs in CNF/polypropylene (PP) composites were measured and analyzed in the range of 1000–2200 nm. The results of the principal component analysis using all samples suggest that CNF addition ratio and sample shape could be expressed by principal component (PC) 1 and PC2 scores, which relate to the chemical components of PP and CNF complexly. Furthermore, the partial least-squares (PLS) regression model was able to predict the CNF addition ratio with about 2.0% accuracy, regardless of CNF type and sample shape. To develop an easier model compared to the PLS model, it was calculated to the simple linear regression model, which used the absorbance quotient of optimum wavelengths combination (OWC). Although this model did not have the accuracy to use the quality control, it is able to discriminate CNF addition ratio of CNF/PP composites with almost the same accuracy as the PLS model. However, if it is possible to separate the sample shapes before the analysis, it is suggested that the OWC regression model is able to predict CNF addition ratio of CNF/PP composites with less than 1% accuracy.

Published
2022
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7. Study on the strength of glued laminated timber beams with round holes: proposal of the design formula for the splitting strength

Author

Shigefumi Okamoto, Nobuhiko Akiyama, Yasuhiro Araki, Kenji Aoki, and Masahiro Inayama

Subjects
Glued laminated timber, Beam, Round hole, Splitting, Finite element method, Forestry, SD1-669.5, Building construction, TH1-9745
Abstract

Abstract When a glued laminated timber (GLT) beam with a round hole is subjected to a shear force and bending moment, the hole will crack and fail due to a large tensile stress perpendicular to the grain and shear stresses. If the stresses acting on the hole are known, it is possible to estimate the fracture load. However, it is necessary to obtain the stresses acting on the hole by finite element analysis, which is very time consuming. In this study, to easily estimate the fracture load, we proposed a formula to estimate the bearing capacity at the time of a hole fracture by obtaining the stress acting on the hole through finite element analysis and an approximate formula. The validity of the proposed formula was verified using the existing experimental data of a GLT beam. As a result, it was confirmed that the proposed equation can estimate the fracture load of GLT beams in Japan and that the proposed equation can estimate the fracture load of GLT beams in countries other than Japan with some accuracy.

Published
2022
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8. Association of body mass index with outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation: GARFIELD-AF

Author

Daniela Poli, Sophie Testa, Corrado Lodigiani, Toon Wei Lim, Kevin Jones, Kangning Chen, Hui Li, Hilary Pinnock, Grzegorz Bilo, Hack-Lyoung Kim, Andrew Murray, Bernard J Gersh, Kurt Huber, Robin Fox, Sarah Davies, James Rogers, Morten Schou, Xin Li, Vira Tseluyko, Sergey Popov, Rajeev Gupta, Grzegorz Opolski, Preeti Pandya, Bronte Ayres, Milan Gupta, Peter Hutchinson, Phil Simmons, Andrew Gallagher, Michel Galinier, Franck Paganelli, Jens Kilian, Adam Blenkhorn, Mohamed Ibrahim, Fernando Lanas, Karen Pieper, Eivind Berge, M Clark, Agneta Andersson, Karim Ladha, Bijoy Sinha, Torstein Hole, Dan Atar, Hywel Jones, R Smith, Andrew Ross, Emmanuel Ellie, Paul Evans, Yong Wang, Hiroshi Ono, Tadashi Nakamura, Paul MacDonald, Stephen Rogers, Igor Sibon, Simon Dobson, David Fitzmaurice, Jiyan Chen, Neil Roberts, Pierre Amarenco, Nigel Hart, Giancarlo Agnelli, Georges Mairesse, Pekka Raatikainen, Oleg Sychov, Yasuyuki Suzuki, Bo Liu, Mathieu Zuber, John French, Yuejin Yang, Myeong-Chan Cho, Julian Thompson, Michael Stokes, John W Eikelboom, Mark Richardson, John Matthews, Will Murdoch, Jean-Philippe Neau, Freek Verheugt, Ajay K Kakkar, Giuseppe Ambrosio, Marcin Gruchała, Keith A A Fox, Sunil Kumar, Ruiping Zhao, Patrick Carroll, Masanori Kaneko, Thanh Phan, Ping Yang, Sung-Won Jang, Claire Jones, Mårten Rosenqvist, Johan Engdahl, Debabrata Roy, John Cairns, Ping Chen, Michael Olsen, Paul Angaran, David Russell, Helena Dominguez, Béla Merkely, Joseph Berlingieri, James Bennett, Hugo ten Cate, Hiroshi Yamaguchi, Masahiro Minamoto, Hiroyuki Oda, Toshihiko Shiraiwa, Jonathan Webster, Yukihiro Koretsune, Kotaro Obunai, R Thompson, Yong Seog Oh, Giuliana Guazzaloca, Giuliana Martini, Marc Bonnefoy, Michael Cox, András Nagy, Kazuki Sato, Richard Davies, Daisuke Ikeda, Susumu Suzuki, Hiroki Teragawa, Koji Matsushita, Ying Guo, Catherine Neden, Mark Pugsley, Simon Cartwright, Polly Jacobs, Xiaoshu Cheng, Daniel Nishijima, Sylvia Haas, Vinay Kumar, Saverio Virdone, Jean-Pierre Bassand, Samuel Z Goldhaber, Shinya Goto, Frank Misselwitz, Alexander G G Turpie, Alison Macleod, Karen Forshaw, Mark Boon, Stephen Miller, Simon Wetherell, Moustafa Moustafa, Gaetano Serviddio, Renato Lopes, Kazuo Takei, Hiroaki Nishioka, Mykola Stanislavchuk, C Ramesh, R Kamath, Stuart J Connolly, Nooshin Bazargani, Kevin Douglas, Werner Hacke, Gloria Kayani, Ali Oto, Hiroshi Watanabe, Walter Hermans, Kazuya Murata, Christian Fielder Camm, Marco Moia, Niraj Sharma, Jaeyoung Kim, Walter Abhayaratna, Andriy Yagensky, Hosen Kiat, Wilhelm Haverkamp, Yang Jiao, Hitoshi Kato, Jindrich Spinar, Daniel Theodoro, Philip Cooke, Paolo Golino, Tetsuro Yoshida, Prakash Chandwani, Christine A'Court, Brian Ramjattan, Torbjørn Øien, Toshiyuki Kobayashi, Richard West, Petr Jansky, Seil Oh, Jan Steffel, Martin van Eickels, Hyung-Wook Park, Nam-Ho Kim, Søren Rasmussen, Kazuo Suzuki, David Colquhoun, Hiroshi Ando, Simon Franklin, Tae-Joon Cha, Sang Cheol Bae, Guosheng Fu, Yoshihiro Saito, Heinz Drexel, Michel Martelet, Joseph Mouallem, Nicolas Delarche, Sylvain Destrac, Neil Macey, Andreas Kopf, Masayuki Nakano, Olga Barbarash, Takeshi Inoue, Taro Minagawa, Weihua Li, John Eikelboom, Hiroshi Kubo, Lars Andersson, D Burns, Andrea Podczeck-Schweighofer, Megumi Okada, Massimo Volpe, Takuma Aoyama, Karsten Mueller, Carlos Astudillo, Hiroshi Takeda, Peter Mayer, Jung Hoon Sung, Dinesh Jain, Jung Han Yoon, Alessandro Capucci, Dongryeol Ryu, Kelvin Wong, Hong Euy Lim, Xiaowei Yan, Yusheng Zhao, Yuehui Yin, YUKIHIRO SETA, Taek Jong Hong, MASAKI SHIMOYAMA, Dayi Hu, Junichi Minami, Yuriy Mostovoy, David Foo, Ramazan Topsakal, Zhi-Cheng Jing, Dipen Shah, Kenichi Yamamoto, David Coulshed, Olivier Piot, Ramón Corbalán, Silva Severi, Waldemar Myszka, Mehmet Birhan Yilmaz, Gi-Byoung Nam, Jun Kim, Harald Darius, Jan-Erik Karlsson, PETER VANDERGOTEN, Nasser Taha, Shuta Toru, Jörn Nielsen, Tsutomu Takagi, Koji Higuchi, Steen Husted, Tomohiro Katsuya, Frank Cools, Iveta Petrova, Songkwan Silaruks, GÜNTER LEHMANN, Frederic Casassus, Bernard Crousillat, Bernard Doucet, Jean-Joseph Muller, Grzegorz Raczak, Kazuyuki Saito, Anders Ostrem, Chi Keong Ching, KUNIHIKO YAMAMOTO, John Camm, Carmine Mazzone, Jaemin Shim, Jadwiga Nessler, Jan Vercammen, Marc Delforge, Chong-Jin Kim, Pierre Nazeyrollas, Louise Lumley, Paul Roome, Helen Stoddart, Mark Rickenbach, Paul Mullen, Noriyuki Nakanishi, Gordon Irvine, Paul Conn, Kurt Lenz, Richard Coates, E Fisher, Warwick Coulson, Jiri Lastuvka, Pablo García Pavía, P Jhittay, Philip Saunders, Peter Bernhardt, Wanwarang Wongcharoen, Kentaro Yamamoto, Hector Lucas Luciardi, Harry Gibbs, Marianne Brodmann, Jørn Dalsgaard Nielsen, Hany Ragy, Matyas Keltai, Jitendra Pal Singh Sawhney, Janina Stepinska, Elizaveta Panchenko, Barry Jacobson, Xavier Viñolas, Pantep Angchaisuksiri, Alex Parkhomenko, Huaiqin Zhang, Shiping Cao, Daowen Wang, Guizhou Tao, Yingmin Chen, Shenghu He, Tongguo Wu, Moshui Chen, Longgen Xiong, Praveen Jadhavm, Raghava Sarma, Govind Kulkarni, Rasesh Atulbhai Pothiwala, Mohanan Padinhare Purayil, Kamaldeep Chawla, Veerappa Annasaheb Kothiwale, Bagirath Raghuraman, Vinod Madan Vijan, Jitendra Sawhney, Ganapathi Bantwal, Aziz Khan, Ramdhan Meena, Manojkumar Chopada, Sunitha Abraham, Vikas Bisne, Govindan Vijayaraghavan, Rajashekhar Durgaprasad, Kartikeya Bhargava, Udigala Madappa Nagamalesh, Rajeeve Kumar Rajput, Seishu Kanamori, Koichiro Kumagai, Yosuke Katsuda, Keiki Yoshida, Fumitoshi Toyota, Yuji Mizuno, Ikuo Misumi, Hiroo Noguchi, Shinichi Ando, Tetsuro Suetsugu, Susumu Adachi, Kei Chiba, Hiroaki Norita, Makoto Tsuruta, Takeshi Koyanagi, Takayuki Higashi, Shiro Azakami, Shinichiro Komaki, Kenshi Kumeda, Takashi Murayama, Jun Matsumura, Yurika Oba, Ryuji Sonoda, Kazuo Goto, Kotaro Minoda, Yoshikuni Haraguchi, Hisakazu Suefuji, Hiroo Miyagi, Tsugihiro Nakamura, Hidekazu Nandate, Ryuji Zaitsu, Yoshihisa Fujiura, Akira Yoshimura, Hiroyuki Numata, Jun Ogawa, Yasuyuki Kamogawa, Kinshiro Murakami, Yutaka Wakasa, Masanori Yamasawa, Hiromitsu Maekawa, Sumihisa Abe, Hajime Kihara, Satoru Tsunoda, Katsumi Saito, Hiroki Tachibana, Ichiro Oba, Takashi Kuwahata, Satoshi Higa, Masamichi Gushiken, Takuma Eto, Hidetoshi Chibana, Kazuaki Fujisawa, Yuhei Shiga, Hirokuni Sumi, Toshihisa Nagatomo, Yoshihiko Atsuchi, Toshiro Nagoshi, Kazuhisa Sanno, Fumihiro Hoshino, Naoto Yokota, Masahiro Kameko, Toshifumi Tabuchi, Munesumi Ishizawa, Yoshitake Fujiura, Taku Seto, Tetsu Iwao, Norio Ishioka, Koichi Oshiro, Keizo Tsuchida, Yutaka Hatori, Motoshi Takeuchi, Hiroto Takezawa, Shinjiro Nagano, Masaaki Iwaki, Yuichiro Nakamura, Naomasa Miyamoto, Toshifumi Taguchi, Ko Ashida, Naoto Yoshizawa, Jun Agata, Seishiro Matsukawa, Osamu Arasaki, Shuji Fukuoka, Hirofumi Murakami, Kazuya Mishima, Yoshiki Hata, Ichiro Sakuma, Ichiro Takamura, Mitsuyuki Akutsu, Toshihide Unoki, Yoshinori Go, Makoto Ikemura, Shoji Morii, Shigeru Marusaki, Hideo Doi, Mitsuru Tanaka, Takaaki Kusumoto, Shigeo Kakinoki, Chiga Ogurusu, Masami Nakatsuka, Yutaka Kitami, Yoichi Nakamura, Hiroshi Oda, Rikimaru Oyama, Masato Ageta, Teruaki Mita, Kazuhiko Nagao, Takafumi Mito, Mitsunori Abe, Masako Fujii, Makoto Okawa, Tsuneo Fujito, Toshiya Taniguchi, Tenei Ko, Mizuho Imamaki, Masahiro Akiyama, Takashi Ueda, Hironori Odakura, Masahiko Inagaki, Yoshiki Katsube, Atsuyuki Nakata, Shinobu Tomimoto, Mitsuhiro Shibuya, Kenichiro Ito, Masahiro Matsuta, Motoyuki Ishiguro, Masamichi Wada, Hiroaki Mukawa, Masato Mizuguchi, Fumio Okuda, Teruaki Kimura, Kuniaki Taga, Masaaki Techigawara, Morio Igarashi, Toshihiko Seo, Shinya Hiramitsu, Hiroaki Hosokawa, Mitsumoto Hoshiai, Michitaka Hibino, Koichi Miyagawa, Hideki Horie, Nobuyoshi Sugishita, Yukio Shiga, Akira Soma, Kazuo Neya, Kunio Akahane, Saori Matsui, Hirofumi Kanda, Shiro Nagasaka, Atsushi Taguchi, Akiko Miyashita, Hiroki Sasaguri, Jin Nariyama, Taketo Hatsuno, Takash Iwase, Kazuya Kawai, Tomobumi Kotani, Tsuyoshi Tsuji, Hirosumi Sakai, Kiyoshi Nishino, Kenichi Ikeda, Kazuo Maeda, Tomohiro Shinozuka, Koichi Kawakami, Hiromichi Kitazumi, Mamoru Hamaoka, Jisho Kojima, Akitoshi Sasaki, Yoshihiro Tsuchiya, Tetsuo Betsuyaku, Masaaki Honda, Koichi Hasegawa, Takao Baba, Kazuaki Mineoi, Toshihiko Koeda, Kunihiko Hirasawa, Toshihide Kumazaki, Akira Nakagomi, Eiji Otaki, Takashi Shindo, Hiroyoshi Hirayama, Chikako Sugimoto, Takashi Yamagishi, Ichiro Mizuguchi, Kazunori Sezaki, Isamu Niwa, Ken Takenaka, Osamu Iiji, Koichi Taya, Hitoshi Kitazawa, Samu Ueda, Hirokazu Kakuda, Takuya Ono, Seizo Oriso, Junya Kamata, Toshihiko Nanke, Itaru Maeda, Yoshifusa Matsuura, Yasuyuki Maruyama, Hajime Horie, Tetsutaro Kito, Hiroshi Asano, Masaichi Nakamura, Takashi Washizuka, Tomoki Yoshida, Masato Sawano, Shinichi Arima, Hidekazu Arai, Hisanori Shinohara, Hiroyuki Takai, Nobufusa Furukawa, Akira Ota, Kenji Aoki, Taku Yamamoto, Takeaki Kasai, Shunji Suzuki, Shu Suzuki, Nitaro Shibata, Masayuki Watanabe, Yosuke Nishihata, Toru Arino, Masaki Okuyama, Tetsushi Wakiyama, Tomoko Kato, Yasuo Sasagawa, Takeshi Tana, Yoshihito Hayashi, Shinichi Hirota, Yukihiko Abe, Hirohide Uchiyama, Shuichi Tohyo, Naoto Hanazono, Seiichi Miyajima, Hisashi Shimono, Yasunobu Shozawa, Yawara Niijima, Osamu Murai, Hideko Inaba, Katsumasa Nomura, Masatsugu Nozoe, Toshiyuki Furukawa, Nobuhisa Ito, Shunichi Nagai, Kiyoharu Sato, Shiro Nakahara, Yujin Shimoyama, Naoko Ohara, Teruhiko Kozuka, Hideaki Okita, Masato Endo, Tsutomu Goto, Makoto Hirose, Emiko Nagata, Toshizumi Mori, Shuichi Seki, Katsuhiro Okamoto, Osamu Moriai, Yoko Emura, Tsuyoshi Fukuda, Haruhiko Date, Shuichi Kawakami, Sho Nagai, Yuya Ueyama, Tetsuro Fudo, Mitsuru Imaizumi, Takuo Ogawa, Shunsuke Take, Hideo Ikeda, Norihiko Sakamoto, Kiyomitsu Ikeoka, Nobuo Wakaki, Masatake Abe, Junji Doiuchi, Tetsuya Kira, Masato Tada, Ken Tsuzaki, Naoya Miura, Yasuaki Fujisawa, Wataru Furumoto, Akinori Fujisawa, Ryosai Nakamura, Hiroyasu Komatsu, Rei Fujiki, Shuichi Kawano, Keijiro Nishizawa, Yoji Kato, Junya Azuma, Kiyoshi Yasui, Toshio Amano, Yasuhiro Sekine, Tatsuo Honzawa, Yuichiro Koshibu, Yasuhide Sakamoto, Shingo Miyaguchi, Kojuro Morishita, Yasuko Samejima, Toyoshi Sasaki, Fumiko Iseki, Hiroshi Kano, Yoichi Takagi, Yoko Onuki Pearce, Takayuki Fukui, Toru Nakayama, Hideaki Kanai, Yoshiyuki Kawano, Tetsuji Ino, Hironori Miyoshi, Yasufumi Miyamoto, Masahito Shigekiyo, Shimato Ono, Yutaka Okamoto, Satoshi Ubukata, Kojiro Kodera, Tatsuo Oriuchi, Naoki Matsumoto, Koichi Inagaki, Atsushi Iseki, Tomohiro Yoshida, Toshihiro Goda, Tsukasa Katsuki, Atsushi Sato, Etsuo Mori, Toshio Tsubokura, Hiroshi Shudo, Shunichi Fujimoto, Yoshiyuki Furukawa, Hiroshi Hosokawa, Jun Narumi, Kiichiro Yamamoto, Masaki Owari, Takuya Inakura, Takafumi Anno, Kazuyuki Shirakawa, Tan Yuyang, Hui Nam Park, Woo-Shik Kim, HyeYoung Lee, Dae Hyeok Kim, Dae-Kyeong Kim, Dong Ju Choi, Hui-Kyung Jeon, Dong-Gu Shin, Sang Weon Park, Hoon Ki Park, Sang-Jin Han, Young Keun On, JaeJin Kwak, Seong Hoon Park, Kee-Sik Kim, Byung Chun Jung, Gyo-Seung Hwang, Sakda Rungaramsin, Peerapat Katekangplu, Porames Khunrong, Thanita Bunyapipat, Pinij Kaewsuwanna, Khanchai Siriwattana, Waraporn Tiyanon, Supalerk Pattanaprichakul, Khanchit Likittanasombat, Doungrat Cholsaringkarl, Warangkana Boonyapisit, Sirichai Cheewatanakornkul, Pisit Hutayanon, Seksan Chawanadelert, Pairoj Chattranukulchai, Boonsert Chatlaong, Yingsak Santanakorn, Khompiya Kanokphatcharakun, Piya Mongkolwongroj, Sasivimon Jai-Aue, Ongkarn Komson, Armagan Altun, Ali Aydinlar, Zeki Ongen, Sadik Acikel, Durmus Yildiray Sahin, Ozcan Yilmaz, Hasan Pekdemir, Mesut Demir, Murat Sucu, Levent Sahiner, Murat Ersanli, Ertugrul Okuyan, Dursun Aras, Florencia Rolandi, Adrian Cesar Ingaramo, Gustavo Alberto Sambadaro, Vanina Fernandez Caputi, Hector Luciardi, Sofia Graciela Berman, Pablo Dragotto, Andres Javier Kleiban, Nestor Centurion, Ricardo Dario Dran, Javier Egido, Matias Jose Fosco, Victor Alfredo Sinisi, Luis Rodolfo Cartasegna, Oscar Gomez Vilamajo, Jose Luis Ramos, Sonia Sassone, Gerardo Zapata, Diego Conde, Guillermo Giacomi, Alberto Alfredo Fernandez, Mario Alberto Berli, Fabian Ferroni, Jefferson Jaber, Luciana Vidal Armaganijan, André Steffens, José Márcio Ribeiro, Marcelo Silveira Teixeira, Paulo Rossi, Leonardo Pires, Daniel Moreira, Luiz Bodanese, Marcelo Westerlund Montera, Jamil Abdalla Saad, Euler Roberto Manenti, Alexandre Negri, Carlos Moncada, Dalton Precoma, Fernando Roquette, Gilmar Reis, Estêvão Lanna Figueiredo, Roberto Vieira Botelho, Helius Carlos Finimundi, Adriano Kochi, Fábio Alban, Rogério Tadeu Tumelero, Lilia Maia, Humberto Montecinos, Martín Larico Gómez, Carlos Conejeros, Patricio Marin Cuevas, Alejandro Forero, Claudio Bugueño Gutiérrez, Juan Aguilar, Sergio Potthoff Cardenas, German Eggers, Cesar Houzvic, Carlos Rey, Germán Arriagada, Gustavo Charme Vilches, Raul Leal Cantu, Ricardo Cabrera Jardines, Nilda Espinola Zavaleta, Enrique Lopez Rosas, Gerardo Pozas, Ernesto Cardona Muñoz, Norberto Matadamas Hernandez, Adolfo Leyva Rendon, Norberto Garcia Hernandez, David Lopez Villezca, Carlos Hernandez Herrera, Rodolfo Gaona Rodriguez, Efrain Villeda Espinosa, David Flores Martinez, Jose Velasco Barcena, Omar Fierro Fierro, Ignacio Rodriguez Briones, Humberto Alvarez Lopez, Rafael Olvera Ruiz, Roxana Reyes Sanchez, Roberto Arriaga Nava, Pedro Fajardo Campos, Mario Benavides Gonzalez, Claus Hagn, Johannes Foechterle, Michael Winkler, Bruno Schneeweiss, Alfons Gegenhuber, Wilfried Lang, Sabine Eichinger-Hasenauer, Peter Kaserer, Josef Sykora, Heribert Rasch, Bernhard Strohmer, Luc Capiau, Geert Vervoort, Bart Wollaert, Geert Hollanders, Dirk Faes, Yohan Balthazar, Olivier Xhaet, Harry Striekwold, John Thoeng, Kurt Hermans, Wim Anné, Ivan Blankoff, Michel Beutels, Stefan Verstraete, Philippe Purnode, Pascal Godart, Tim Boussy, Philippe Desfontaines, Alex Heyse, Joeri Voet, Eva Zidkova, Rudolf Spacek, Vilma Machova, Ondrej Ludka, Josef Olsr, Lubos Kotik, Blazej Racz, Richard Ferkl, Jan Hubac, Ilja Kotik, Zdenek Monhart, Hana Burianova, Ondrej Jerabek, Jana Pisova, Vratislav Dedek, Michaela Honkova, Petr Podrazil, Petr Reichert, Miroslav Novak, Vaclav Durdil, Katarina Plocova, Ulrik Hintze, Næstved Sygehus, Arne Bremmelgaard, John Markenvard, Jan Børger, Jorgen Solgaard, Ebbe Eriksen, Thomas Løkkegaard, Michael Bruun, Jacob Mertz, Joël Ohayon, Yannick Gottwalles, Philippe Loiselet, Mohamed Bassel Koujan, André Marquand, Jean-Pierre Cebron, Maxime Guenoun, Dominique Guedj-Meynier, A G Lokesh, James Kadouch, Pierre-Yves Fournier, Jean-Pierre Huberman, Nestor Lemaire, Gilles Rodier, Xavier Vandamme, Marie Hélène Mahagne, Antoine Mielot, Jean-Baptiste Churet, Vincent Navarre, Frederic Sellem, Gilles Monniot, Jean-Paul Boyes, Désiré Obadia, Etienne Bearez, Jean Philippe Brugnaux, Alain Fedorowsky, Jean-Baptiste Berneau, Frédéric Chemin, Sebastien Schellong, Georg Koeniger, Uwe Gerbaulet, Bernd-Thomas Kellner, Thomas Schaefer, Jan Purr, Enno Eißfeller, Heinz-Dieter Zauzig, Peter Riegel, Christoph Axthelm, Gerd-Ulrich Heinz, Holger Menke, Andreas Pustelnik, Stefan Zutz, Wolfgang Eder, Guenter Rehling, Dirk Glatzel, Norbert Ludwig, Petra Sandow, Henning Wiswedel, Cosmas Wildenauer, Steffen Schoen, Toralf Schwarz, Adyeri Babyesiza, Maximilian Kropp, Hans-Hermann Zimny, Friedhelm Kahl, Andreas Caspar, Sabine Omankowsky, Torsten Laessig, Hermann-Josef Hartmann, Hans-Walter Bindig, Gunter Hergdt, Dietrich Reimer, Joachim Hauk, Holger Michel, Praxis Dres, Werner Erdle, Wilfried Dorsch, Janna Dshabrailov, Karl-Albrecht Rapp, Reinhold Vormann, Thomas Mueller, Uwe Horstmeier, Volker Eissing, Heinz Hey, Heinz Leuchtgens, Volker Lilienweiss, Heiner Mueller, Christian Schubert, Herrmann Lauer, Thomas Buchner, Gunter Brauer, Susanne Kamin, Sylvia Baumbach, Muwafeg Abdel-Qader, Hans-Holger Ebert, Carsten Schwencke, Laszlo Karolyi, Britta Sievers, Jens-Uwe Roehnisch, Andras Vertes, Gabor Szantai, Andras Matoltsy, Nikosz Kanakaridisz, Zoltan Boda, Erno Kis, Balazs Gaszner, Ferenc Juhasz, Gizella Juhasz, Sandor Kancz, Zoltan Laszlo, Zsolt May, Ebrahim Noori, Tamas Habon, Peter Polgar, Gabriella Szalai, Sandor Vangel, Gabriella Engelthaler, Judit Ferenczi, Mihaly Egyutt, Leone Maria Cristina, Eros Tiraferri, Rita Santoro, Teresa Maria Caimi, Maria Tessitori, Roberto Cappelli, Roberto Quintavalla, Franco Cosmi, Raffaele Fanelli, Vincenzo Oriana, Raffaele Reggio, Roberto Santi, Leonardo Pancaldi, Jorge Salerno Uriate, Flavia Lillo, Enrico Maria Pogliani, Michele Accogli, Antonio Mariani, Mauro Feola, Arturo Raisaro, Luciano Fattore, Andrea Mauric, Fabrizio Germini, Luca Tedeschi, Maria Settimi, Sergio Nicoli, Paolo Ricciarini, Antonio Argena, Paolo Ronchini, Claudio Bulla, Filippo Tradati, Maria Grazia Bongiorni, Enrico Salomone, Claudio Tondo, Saverio Iacopino, Andreas Lucassen, Henk Adriaansen, Maarten Bongaerts, Mathijs Pieterse, Johannes Herrman, Pieter Hoogslag, Cees Buiks, Per Anton Sirnes, Erik Gjertsen, Knut Erga, Arne Hallaråker, Gunnar Skjelvan, Beraki Ghezai, Arne Svilaas, Peter Christersson, Svein Høegh Henrichsen, Jan Erik Otterstad, Jan Berg-Johansen, Andrzej Gieroba, Malgorzata Biedrzycka, Michal Ogorek, Beata Wozakowska-Kaplon, Krystyna Loboz-Grudzien, Jerzy Kuzniar, Roman Zaluska, Jaroslaw Hiczkiewicz, Lucyna Swiatkowska-Byczynska, Lech Kucharski, Piotr Minc, Maciej Olszewski, Grzegorz Kania, Malgorzata Krzciuk, Zbigniew Lajkowski, Bozenna Ostrowska-Pomian, Jerzy Lewczuk, Elzbieta Zinka, Agnieszka Karczmarczyk, Malgorzata Chmielnicka-Pruszczynska, Iwona Wozniak-Skowerska, Marek Bronisz, Marcin Ogorek, Grazyna Glanowska, Piotr Ruszkowski, Grzegorz Skonieczny, Ryszard Sciborski, Boguslaw Okopien, Piotr Kukla, Krzysztof Galbas, Krzysztof Cymerman, Jaroslaw Jurowiecki, Pawel Miekus, Stanislaw Mazur, Roman Lysek, Jacek Baszak, Teresa Rusicka-Piekarz, Ewa Domanska, Jozef Lesnik, Gadel Kamalov, Dmitry Belenky, Liudmila Egorova, Alexander Khokhlov, Eduard Yakupov, Dmitry Zateyshchikov, Olga Miller, Evgeniy Mazur, Konstantin Zrazhevskiy, Tatyana Novikova, Yulia Moiseeva, Elena Polkanova, Konstantin Sobolev, Maria Rossovskaya, Yulia Shapovalova, Alla Kolesnikova, Konstantin Nikolaev, Oksana Zemlianskaia, Anna Zateyshchikova, Victor Kostenko, Maria Poltavskaya, Anton Edin, Elena Aleksandrova, Oksana Drapkina, Alexander Vishnevsky, Oleg Nagibovich, Petr Chizhov, Svetlana Rachkova, Mikhail Sergeev, Borys Kurylo, Alexey Ushakov, Pere Alvarez Garcia, Luis Tercedor Sanchez, Salvador Tranche Iparraguirre, Pere Toran Monserrat, Emilio Marquez Contreras, Jordi Isart Rafecas, Juan Motero Carrasco, Casimiro Gomez Pajuelo, Angel Grande Ruiz, Jordi Merce Klein, Ines Monte Collado, Herminia Palacin Piquero, Carles Brotons Cuixart, Esther Fernandez Escobar, Cecilia Corros Vicente, Manuel Vida Gutierrez, Francisco Epelde Gonzalo, Encarnacion Martinez Navarro, Maria Barreda Gonzalez, Jose Iglesias Sanmartin, Mercedes Jimenez Gonzalez, Juan Herreros Melenchon, Tomas Ripoll Vera, Manuel Jimenez Navarro, Maria Vazquez Caamano, Gonzalo Marcos Gomez, Andres Iniguez Romo, Alexander Wirdby, Kerstin Henriksson, Micael Elmersson, Arnor Egilsson, Ulf Börjesson, Gunnar Svärd, Anders Lindh, Lars-Bertil Olsson, Mikael Gustavsson, Lars Benson, Claes Bothin, Ali Hajimirsadeghi, Björn Martinsson, Marianne Ericsson, Åke Ohlsson, Håkan Lindvall, Peter Svensson, Katarina Thörne, Hans Händel, Pyotr Platonov, Fredrik Bernsten, Ingar Timberg, Milita Crisby, Lennart Malmqvist, Jörgen Thulin, Aida Hot-Bjelak, Steen Jensen, Per Stalby, Johann Debrunner, Iurii Rudyk, Oleksandr Karpenko, Svitlana Zhurba, Igor Kraiz, Oleksandr Parkhomenko, Iryna Kupnovytska, Nestor Seredyuk, Oleksiy Ushakov, Olena Koval, Igor Kovalskiy, Yevgeniya Svyshchenko, Susanna Tykhonova, Ivan Fushtey, Naresh Chauhan, Daryl Goodwin, Ramila Patel, Bennett Wong, Alex Cameron, Niranjan Patel, M S Kainth, Gill Pickavance, Joanna McDonnell, Laura Handscombe, Trevor Gooding, Helga Wagner, Catherine Bromham, Shoeb Suryani, Bhupinder Sarai, W Willcock, S Sircar, A Gilliand, Roman Bilas, E Strieder, Anne Wakeman, Graham Kirby, Bhaskhar Vishwanathan, Nigel Bird, John Bisatt, Jennifer Litchfield, Tim Fooks, Richard Kelsall, Neil Paul, Elizabeth Alborough, Michael Aziz, Pete Wilson, Sue Fairhead, Hasan Chowan, Gary Taylor, Dawn Tragen, Matt Parfitt, Claire Seamark, Carolyn Paul, Angus Jefferies, Helen Sharp, Claire Giles, Matthew Bramley, Philip Williams, Jehad Aldegather, William Lumb, Phil Evans, Frances Scouller, Yvette Stipp, Philip Pinney, Paul Wadeson, T Railton, Emyr Davies, Jonathan McClure, Marc Jacobs, Claire Hutton, Keith Butter, Susan Barrow, Helen Little, Ulka Choudhary, Ikram Haq, Paul Ainsworth, Phil Weeks, Jane Eden, Lisa Gibbons, Janet Glencross, K Poland, Conor Mulolland, A Warke, Ian Hodgins, Stephen Vercoe, Jayesh Patel, Amar Ali, Nigel De-Sousa, Mark Danielsen, Purnima Sharma, Sophia Galloway, Charlotte Hawkins, Raife Oliver, Martin Aylward, Mira Pattni, Shahid Ahmad, Catherine Rothwell, Fiaz Choudhary, Sabrina Khalaque, Stephanie Short, Sharon Peters, Amy Butler, Steven Coates, Steve Walton, Diane Shepherd, Toh Wong, Melanie Deacon, David Cornelius, Henry Choi, Jon Sumner, Tim Myhill, Salah Estifanos, Diane Geatch, Justin Wilkinson, Richard Veale, Rob Hirst, Kashif Zaman, Catherine Liley, Rebecca Wastling, Paul McEleny, Andre Beattie, Mike Wong, Chaminda Dooldeniya, Greg Rogers, Rajesh Muvva, Matthew Adam, Nicolas Thomas, Rory Reed, Simon Randfield, Ann Flynn, Andrew Halpin, Louise Lomax, Minnal Nadaph, Iain Munro, Jane Goram, John Shewring, Emma Bowen-Simpkins, Bhuwanendu Singh, Penny Astridge, Philip Thomson, Ron Lehman, Andrei Catanchin, David Eccleston, Peter Blombery, Greg Starmer, Margaret Arstall, Maurits Binnekamp, Astin Lee, Robert Luton, Amritanshu Shekhar Pandey, Stephen Cheung, Rolland Leader, Philippe Beaudry, Félix Ayala-Paredes, John Heath, Germain Poirier, Bradley Schweitzer, Reginald Nadeau, Ripple Dhillon, Tomasz Hruczkowski, Andrea Lavoie, Ratika Parkash, James Cha, Benoit Coutu, Jorge Bonet, Saul Vizel, Sameh Fikry, Ahmed Mowafy, Azza Katta, Mazen Tawfik, Moustafa Nawar, Mohamed Sobhy, Tarek Khairy, Ahmed Abd El-Aziz, Ashraf Reda, Atef Elbahry, Mohamed Setiha, Magdi Elkhadem, Adel El-Etreby, David Kettles, Junaid Bayat, Heidi Siebert, Adrian Horak, Ynez Kelfkens, Riaz Garda, Thayabran Pillay, Michele Guerra, Hendrik Theron, Rikus Louw, Deon Greyling, Pindile Mntla, Siddique Ismail, Fayzal Ahmed, Johannes Engelbrecht, Shambu Maharajh, Veronica Ueckermann, Ghazi Yousef, Munther AlOmairi, Rajan Maruthanayagam, Rupesh Singh, Ahmed Naguib, Amrish Agrawal, Mukesh Nathani, Adel Wassef, Scott Beach, Peter Duffy, Stephen Falkowski, Kevin Ferrick, Miguel Franco, Annette Quick, Vance Wilson, Mark Alberts, Edwin Blumberg, Roddy Canosa, Ted Gutowski, Rodney Ison, Jorge Garcia, Howard Noveck, Pamela Rama, Rajneesh Reddy, Marcus Williams, Keith Ferdinand, Ihsan Haque, Robert Mendelson, Sridevi Pitta, Charles Treasure, Cas Cader, Walter Pharr, Alisha Oropallo, George Platt, Jaspal Gujral, James Welker, Firas Koura, Ajay K. Kakkar, A. John Camm, David A. Fitzmaurice, Keith A.A. Fox, Bernard J. Gersh, Samuel Z. Goldhaber, Lorenzo G. Mantovani, Karen S. Pieper, Alexander G.G. Turpie, Freek W.A. Verheugt, Antonio Carlos PereiraBarretto, Stuart J. Connolly, Jean-Yves Le Heuzey, Jitendra Pal SinghSawhney, Carlos JerjesSánchez Díaz, Hugo Ten Cate, Wael Al Mahmeed, Zhiming Yang Li Xue, A.G. Ravi Shankar, Chiei Takanaka Sen Adachi, Rodolfo AndresAhuad Guerrero, Leonel Adalberto Di Paola, DárioCelestino Sobral Filho, Costantino RobertoFrack Costantini, Weimar Kunz SebbaBarrosodeSouzaem, João David deSouzaNeto, José Carlos MouraJorge, Adalberto MenezesLorga Filho, Carlos Henrique DelCarlo, FernandoAugustoAlves da Costa, Gilson Robertode Araújo, Jose FranciscoKerr Saraiva, João CarlosFerreira Braga, Roberto Álvaro RamosFilho, Cláudio MunhozdaFontoura Tavares, CésarCássio Broilo França, Guido BernardoAranha Rosito, João BatistadeMouraXavierMoraes Junior, Roberto Simõesde Almeida, Ney CarterdoCarmo Borges, LuísGustavo Gomes Ferreira, Benjamin AleckJosehStockins Fernandez, CarlosJerjes Sanchez Diaz, Jesus JaimeIllescas Diaz, Maria GuadalupeRamos Zavala, GuillermoAntonio Llamas Esperón, Manuel delosRios Ibarra, LuisRamon Virgen Carrillo, JuanJose Lopez Prieto, Jose LuisLeiva Pons, Carlos GerardoCantu Brito, EduardoJulianJose Roberto ChuquiureValenzuela, Alberto EstebanBazzoni Ruiz, Oscar MartinLopez Ruiz, Jesus DavidMorales Cerda, Axel De Wolf, Carmela Viitanen, Giovanni Di Minno, Raimondo De Cristofaro, Angelo De Blasio, Maria D'Avino, J.H. Ruiter, Coen van Guldener, P.R. Nierop S.H.K., B.E. Groenemeijer, W. Terpstra, L.V.A. Boersma, Wieslaw Supinski Jaroslaw, Roman Libis Vera Eltishcheva, Maria FernandaLopez Fernandez, Luis MiguelRincon Diaz, Luis FernandoIglesias Alonso, Jose RamonGonzalez Juanatey, Joan Bayo iLlibre, Carlos AlexandreAlmeida Fernandez, Juan JoseMontero Alia, Maria AngelsMoleiro Oliva, Maria delMarRodriguez Alvarez, Maria FeArcocha Torres, Miguel AngelPrieto Diaz, Jan Lindén Centrumkliniken, Juerg H. Beer, Colin Bradshaw Cumberlidge, Daniel Jackson Ben Ward, Nick Hargreaves Ben Frankel, William van Gaal, David O'Donnell, Miranda du Preez, Seif Kamal Abou Seif, Mohamed Gamal El Din, Louis van Zyl, Rehana Loghdey Wessel Oosthuysen, Abdullah Al Naeemi, Ehab M. Esheiba, and W. Michael Kutayli

Subjects
Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Objective While greater body mass index (BMI) is associated with increased risk of developing atrial fibrillation (AF), the impact of BMI on outcomes in newly diagnosed AF is unclear. We examine the influence of BMI on outcomes and whether this is modified by sex and evaluate the effect of non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in patients with high BMI.Methods GARFIELD-AF is a prospective registry of 52 057 newly diagnosed AF patients. The study population comprised 40 482 participants: 703 underweight (BMI

Published
2022
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9. Experimental study on partial compression parallel to grain of solid timber

Author

Marina Totsuka, Robert Jockwer, Kenji Aoki, and Masahiro Inayama

Subjects
Timber, Compression parallel to grain, Damage zone, Size effect, Modulus of elasticity parallel to grain, Spreading effect, Forestry, SD1-669.5, Building construction, TH1-9745
Abstract

Abstract This paper describes results and analysis of experimental testing of entire and partial compression strength and stiffness parallel to the grain of solid timber (Japanese cedar). To investigate the spreading effects, the size effect of strength and stiffness, and the mechanism of the damage zone located close to the loading plates, tests on 90 specimens were performed. As a result, it was observed that damage zones existed near the loading plates. The observed spreading effects in the compression parallel to the grain were very small which justifies neglecting them regarding strength and stiffness. Although a presence of a size effect of the compression strength parallel to the grain of glulam specimens with knots was reported, the compression strength parallel to the grain of solid wood specimens without knots does not have a size effect. The height and width of the cross-section of the specimens have an influence on the damage zones and, hence, on the effective modulus of elasticity of the full height of the specimens. The compression strength has a correlation with the density of the timber and the width of the annual rings.

Published
2021
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10. Estimation of the perpendicular-to-the-grain tensile strength of Scots pine glued laminated timber via three-point bending tests

Author

Shigefumi Okamoto, Nobuhiko Akiyama, Noboru Nakamura, Kenji Aoki, and Masahiro Inayama

Subjects
Glued laminated timber, Tensile strength, Perpendicular to the grain, Forestry, SD1-669.5, Building construction, TH1-9745
Abstract

Abstract Three-point bending tests were performed on specimens of glued laminated timber with different specimen heights to failure to determine the relationship between specimen height and bending strength under tension perpendicular to the grain. For the three-point bending tests, two types of glued laminated timber composed of homogeneous grade timber, as specified in the Japanese Agricultural Standard, were used. The laminae used for the glued laminated timber were L80 grade Scots pine and L110 grade Scots pine. The specimens used in the three-point bending tests had dimensions of 105 mm (width) and 10–300 mm (height). The experimental results showed that the bending strength decreased as the specimen height increased, but the rate of decrease in the bending strength decreased with increasing specimen height when the specimen height exceeded 100 mm. From the relationship between the bending strength and specimen height, parameters that fit Bažant’s size-effect law were derived, and for a specimen height of approximately 100 mm, the bending strength was equal to the perpendicular-to-the-grain tensile strength.

Published
2021
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11. Floating forearm associated with terrible triad injury and Essex-Lopresti injury: a case report and literature review

Author

Issei Shinohara, MD, Shunsuke Takahara, MD, Atsuo Uefuji, MD, Atsuyuki Inui, MD, Yutaka Mifune, MD, Katsuhito Ichimura, MD, Hirotaka Nishihara, MD, Kenta Kishimoto, MD, Kenji Aoki, MD, Hiroyuki Takayama, MD, Natsuko Nakagawa, MD, and Toshihiko Harada, MD

Subjects
complex elbow fracture dislocation, terrible triad injury, Essex-Lopresti injury, floating forearm, perilunate dislocation, distal radioulnar joint, Orthopedic surgery, RD701-811, Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, RC925-935
Published
2021
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12. Study on the strength of glued laminated timber beams with round holes: difference in structural performance between homogeneous-grade and heterogeneous-grade timber

Author

Shigefumi Okamoto, Nobuhiko Akiyama, Yasuhiro Araki, Kenji Aoki, and Masahiro Inayama

Subjects
Forestry, SD1-669.5, Building construction, TH1-9745
Abstract

Abstract Various design codes and design proposals have been proposed for glued laminated timber beams with round holes, assuming that the entire beam is composed of homogeneous-grade timber. However, in Japan, glued laminated timber composed of homogeneous-grade timber is rarely used for beams. In this study, the difference in the load-bearing capacity of glued laminated beams composed of homogeneous-grade timber and heterogeneous-grade timber with round holes when fractured by cracking was investigated experimentally and analytically. The materials used in the tests were glued laminated beams composed of homogeneous-grade Scots pine timber with a strength grade of E105-F345 and heterogeneous-grade Scots pine timber with a strength grade of E105-F300. Experiments confirmed that although the glued laminated beams composed of heterogeneous-grade timber have a lower material strength in the lamina with holes, its resistance to fracturing due to cracks associated with the holes is almost the same as that of the glued laminated beams composed of homogeneous-grade timber. The stresses acting on the holes in the laminated timber with holes of less than half the beam height were lower in the glued laminated beams composed of heterogeneous-grade timber than in the glued laminated beams composed of homogeneous-grade timber. The ratio of the stresses was found to be approximately equal to the ratio of the maximum bending stress or the maximum shear stress acting on the inner layer lamina, as determined by Bernoulli–Euler theory.

Published
2021
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13. Reinforcing effect of hardwoods on the moment resistance performance of traditional Japanese 'nuki'-column joints

Author

Hiroto Suesada, Kohta Miyamoto, Tatsuya Shibusawa, Kenji Aoki, and Masahiro Inayama

Subjects
Traditional timber joint, Hardwoods, Moment-resisting joint, Reinforcement, Forestry, SD1-669.5, Building construction, TH1-9745
Abstract

Abstract In traditional Japanese timber structures, nuki-column joints are used as seismic elements. However, the elastic stiffness of their moment resistance performance is rather small. In this research, hardwoods were used for nuki in three ways to improve the performance of the joints. Moment resistance tests of the joints were conducted to evaluate their structural performance and clarify the differences depending on the wood species, the nuki cross sections, and reinforcing effects of hardwoods discussed. In some specifications, it was shown that using hardwoods for nuki improved the structural performance of the joints. A significant effect was observed on some characteristic values of the joints.

Published
2019
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14. The effect of wood particle size distribution on the mechanical properties of wood–plastic composite

Author

Arif Delviawan, Yoichi Kojima, Hikaru Kobori, Shigehiko Suzuki, Kenji Aoki, and Shinji Ogoe

Subjects
Freeze-drying, Heat drying, Mechanical properties, Particle size, Wood–plastic composite, Forestry, SD1-669.5, Building construction, TH1-9745
Abstract

Abstract Commercial wood flour of pine (Pinus densiflora) was used as an experimental material. It was milled with different milling times 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, and 120 min to investigate the effect of their particle size distribution on the mechanical properties of the wood–plastic composite. Two kinds of drying conditions, 7 days of freeze-drying at a temperature of −45 °C and heat drying (80 °C) for 24 h were applied. Polypropylene and maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene were used as a matrix and the compatibilizer of the wood–plastic composite compound, respectively. Particle size analysis showed that an increase in the time of ball milling decreased the wood flour size. However, an excessive milling period of time longer than 40 min corresponded to an increase in the amount of aggregation. Scanning electron microscope images showed the existence of aggregation for the wood flour with 120 min of wet milling time. As the particle size decreased, mechanical properties of wood–plastic composite increased for up to 30 min of wet milling time and then slightly decreased. This behavior might be due to aggregation. The optimum mechanical property was obtained at 30 min of wet milling time under freeze-drying conditions.

Published
2019
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15. Developing Simple Production of Continuous Ramie Single Yarn Reinforced Composite Strands

Author

Hyun-Bum Kim, Koichi Goda, Junji Noda, and Kenji Aoki

Subjects
Mechanical engineering and machinery, TJ1-1570
Abstract

This paper deals with long fiber-reinforced composite strands using continuous ramie yarns, in which polypropylene including MA-PP (maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene) was used as a matrix material. The composite strands were fabricated by a new method called multi-pin-assisted resin impregnation (M-PaRI) process, for which the equipment was newly applied after conventional extrusion process. The composite strands were then pelletized and injection molded. Tensile strength and Young's modulus of the resultant short ramie/PP reinforced composites were investigated. Results show that this new process improved the mechanical properties of injection-molded specimens.

Published
2013
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26. Ampicillin/sulbactam versus cefazolin plus aminoglycosides for antimicrobial prophylaxis in management of Gustilo type IIIA open fractures: A retrospective cohort study

Author

Shunsuke, Takahara, Takeo, Tokura, Ryota, Nishida, Atsuo, Uefuji, Katsuhito, Ichimura, Hirotaka, Nishihara, Kenji, Aoki, Hiroyuki, Takayama, Natsuko, Nakagawa, and Toshihiko, Harada

Subjects
Antibiotic Prophylaxis, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Fractures, Open, Aminoglycosides, Anti-Infective Agents, Sulbactam, Cefazolin, Humans, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Ampicillin, Drug Therapy, Combination, Prospective Studies, Retrospective Studies, General Environmental Science
Abstract

The antibiotic regimens for prophylaxis in the management of open fractures remain controversial. Although the use of aminoglycosides is widely accepted for treatment of Gustilo type III open fractures, aminoglycosides are often avoided in patients with risk factors. This study aimed to compare efficacy and safety of two regimens, cephazolin plus aminoglycoside (amikacin or gentamicin) and ampicillin/sulbactam (ABPC/SBT), in patients with Gustilo type IIIA open fractures.A total of 95 Gustilo type IIIA fractures in 90 patients were retrospectively reviewed in this study. The cohort was categorized into two groups that were treated in accordance with the institutional prescribed regimen in different periods: (1) cefazolin plus aminoglycoside (January 1, 2014-September 30, 2017) and (2) ABPC/SBT monotherapy (October 1, 2017-September 30, 2020). Cefazolin was used at 1-2 g every 8 h, aminoglycoside (amikacin or gentamicin) was used daily depending on body weight, and ABPC/SBT was used at 3 g every 8 h The antibiotic administration was continued within 3 days or until successful soft tissue coverage was achieved. The infection rate and the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in both groups were assessed.ABPC/SBT was used in 34 patients (36 fractures), and 56 patients (59 fractures) received cefazolin plus aminoglycoside for antibiotic prophylaxis. Infection developed in 2 of 36 fractures in ABPC/SBT group and 4 of 59 fractures in the cefazolin plus aminoglycoside group (p0.99). The average serum creatinine levels on admission, baseline, and peak during the hospital stay were not significantly different between the two groups. One case of AKI was identified in each group, indicating that incidence rate of AKI was not significantly different between the two groups.We demonstrated the non-inferiority of ABPC/SBT therapy over cefazolin plus aminoglycoside regimen for type IIIA open fractures. The ABPC/SBT regimen may be an alternative option for managing Gustilo type IIIA open fractures. Further prospective studies with larger samples are needed to verify these results.

Published
2022

39. Prediction of strength and stiffness of concentrated compressive load applied to the narrow face of cross-laminated timber

Author

Kenji Aoki, Marina Totsuka, and Masahiro Inayama

Subjects
Materials science, business.industry, Modulus, Stiffness, Forestry, Structural engineering, Finite element method, Exponential function, Compressive load, Narrow face, Cross laminated timber, medicine, General Materials Science, Fe model, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

The behavior of the concentrated compressive load applied to the narrow face of cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels is an essential parameter in the design of multi-story timber buildings. Therefore, this paper presents a methodology to evaluate the strength and stiffness of the concentrated compressive load on the narrow face of the CLT. The methodology accounts for the effects of side margins, CLT directions, and CLT composition. In this methodology, a dented shape at the surface of CLT resulting from loading, which has an important role in the behavior of the concentrated compressive load applied to the narrow face, is examined via finite element (FE) analysis. The reproducibility of the FE models is verified experimentally. The proposed methodology is then used to predict the yield stress and Young’s modulus of the concentrated compressive load on the narrow face of the CLT panels using equations, which were proposed based on the exponential function curves. The calculated values of the yield stress and Young’s modulus obtained by the equations based on the exponential function curves considering the effects of the out-of-plane deformations in the outermost laminae were similar to the experimental results of previous studies.

Published
2021

46. Intuitive Manipulation of Virtual Clay in Augmented Reality

Author

Makoto Sakamoto, Kenji Aoki, Takahiro Ishizu, Taketo Kamasaka, Kodai Miyamoto, and Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP)

Subjects
100.1/ijrte.C64350910321, Augmented reality, Hidden surface removal, ARToolKit, Leap Motion Controller, Computer science, Human–computer interaction, 2277-3878, Management of Technology and Innovation, Hidden surface determination, General Engineering, Augmented reality
Abstract

In recent years, there has been a lot of research on how to achieve interaction between users and virtual objects using augmented reality. Interaction technologies in augmented reality need to enable users to handle virtual objects intuitively. In addition, since hands are the main means of interaction with objects in real life, it is also necessary to enable interaction operations with hands on virtual objects [1]. In order to make it possible to intuitively handle objects in virtual space using hands in real space, it is necessary to consider whether physical phenomena in real space and virtual space are correctly superimposed (physical consistency). In this study, we proposed a system that allows users to intuitively handle the deformation, movement, and merging of virtual objects in augmented reality. The system was then used by four university students to compare it with existing studies [2].

Published
2021

50. Experimental study on partial compression parallel to grain of solid timber

Author

Robert Jockwer, Marina Totsuka, Masahiro Inayama, and Kenji Aoki

Subjects
Materials science, Damage zone, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 020101 civil engineering, Young's modulus, Timber, 02 engineering and technology, Compression parallel to grain, 0201 civil engineering, Biomaterials, symbols.namesake, Experimental testing, 021105 building & construction, medicine, Size effect, Composite material, Building construction, Modulus of elasticity parallel to grain, Spreading effect, Stiffness, Forestry, SD1-669.5, Compression (physics), Solid wood, Compressive strength, symbols, medicine.symptom, TH1-9745
Abstract

This paper describes results and analysis of experimental testing of entire and partial compression strength and stiffness parallel to the grain of solid timber (Japanese cedar). To investigate the spreading effects, the size effect of strength and stiffness, and the mechanism of the damage zone located close to the loading plates, tests on 90 specimens were performed. As a result, it was observed that damage zones existed near the loading plates. The observed spreading effects in the compression parallel to the grain were very small which justifies neglecting them regarding strength and stiffness. Although a presence of a size effect of the compression strength parallel to the grain of glulam specimens with knots was reported, the compression strength parallel to the grain of solid wood specimens without knots does not have a size effect. The height and width of the cross-section of the specimens have an influence on the damage zones and, hence, on the effective modulus of elasticity of the full height of the specimens. The compression strength has a correlation with the density of the timber and the width of the annual rings.

Published
2021

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