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This paper reports on the afterglow mechanism and thermoluminescence (TL) of a red-emitting CaS:Eu2+,Pr3+ phosphor with incorporated Li+ ion upon irradiation by visible light (D65 lamp). In the TL glow curve of the CaS:Eu2+,Pr3+ phosphor, a TL peak was observed near 120 °C. The luminescence center of the CaS:Eu2+,Pr3+ phosphor was the Eu2+ ion and the trap depth of the CaS:Eu2+,Pr3+ phosphor with the cation vacancy (Trap 1) which formed by incorporation of the Pr3+ ion was 0.202 eV. A cation vacancy (Trap 2) was formed by incorporation of the Li+ ion in the CaS:Eu2+,Pr3+ phosphor. In the TL glow curve of the CaS:Eu2+,Pr3+ phosphor with incorporated Li+ ion, two TL peaks were observed near 120 and 200 °C. The TL luminance of the CaS:Eu2+,Pr3+ phosphor with incorporated Li+ ion increased with an increase in the initial Li/Ca atomic ratio. The two TL peaks moved to the high-temperature side with an increase in heating rate. The cation vacancy (Trap 2) calculated from the Hoogenstraaten method was 0.118 eV. The afterglow time of the CaS:Eu2+,Pr3+ phosphor with incorporated Li+ ion was prolonged by generation of a shallow trap.

The objective was to determine whether central-venous oxygen saturation (ScvO270%) can be detected from the difference between invasively and noninvasively measured systolic blood pressure (BP) (ie, ΔBP defined as arterial BP minus noninvasive BP).This is a cross-sectional study at a single medical and surgical intensive care unit in Japan. All hypotensive patients admitted to intensive care unit were eligible. Arterial BP was measured via a radial-artery catheter, and noninvasive BP on the same side was measured via a brachial cuff. ScvO2 was measured by gas analysis of blood sampled from a central-venous chatheter (CVC). We calculate the area under the curve for ΔBP as an indicator of ScvO270%.Usable data were obtained from the records of 111 patients. The median and interquartile range of ΔBP and ScvO2 were -4mm Hg (-11, 6) and 67% (60.9, 73.9), respectively. The area under the curve of ΔBP as an indicator of ScvO270% was 0.81 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73-0.89). With a cutoff ΔBP of 0, sensitivity was 65.7% (95% CI, 53.1-76.8), specificity was 97.7% (95% CI, 88.0-99.8), and positive predictive value was 97.8 (95% CI, 88.2-99.9).ΔBP can indicate whether ScvO2 is lower than 70%. When that difference is greater than 0, ScvO2 is very likely to be lower than 70%.

This paper reports the effect of lithium ion addition on the afterglow time of green-emitting Ce 3+ and Pr 3+ codoped CaS phosphor by black light irradiation. CaS:Ce 3+ , Pr 3+ , irradiated with black light, emitted in the green region and showed afterglow. The afterglow time of CaS:Ce 3+ , Pr 3+ was relatively short (about 10 min). When a Li + invades the free space in a CaS crystal lattice, new cation vacancy is formed for the charge compensation in the Ca 2+ site. The afterglow intensity of CaS:Ce 3+ , Pr 3+ , with Li + incorporated in the host, increased to three times that of the original sample (CaS:Ce 3+ , Pr 3+ ). The afterglow time of CaS:Ce 3+ , Pr 3+ , with Li + incorporated was extended to 40 min.

It is shown that the peaks at m/z 31, 29 and 15 in the mass-analyzed ion kinetic energy spectrum of the m/z 59 ions generated from methyl propanoate upon electron impact ionization originate from decompositions of m/z 59, i.e. C 2 H 3 O 2 + ions having the O=C=O + CH 3 structure, and of m/z 59, i.e. C 3 H 7 O + ions having the CH 3 CH=O+CH 3 structure. The latter ions contribute