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Purpose: To examine the relationship between depression and pain severity during inpatient rehabilitation for those with new onset of spinal cord injury or spinal cord disease (SCI/D), along with patient characteristics, neurological function and etiology. Method: This cross-sectional study reviewed medical records of 100 adults with SCI/D including their admission scores on the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9), a measure of depression, and pain ratings collected at admission and discharge. Results: Upon admission, 28% reported moderate-to-severe symptoms of depression and 69% reported pain. PHQ-9 scores were associated with pain only among those with the least severe impairments, for whom higher scores were associated with greater pain. While depression levels did not differ by etiology, those with traumatic injuries had higher pain ratings. Conclusions: In general, depressive symptoms were not associated with pain severity in this sample. Etiology was associated with pain, those with traumatic SCI reporting more pain at admission. Among demographic characteristics, age was related to pain, with younger subjects reporting higher levels. These findings suggest that certain characteristics may predispose patients to pain and depression upon admission to rehabilitation. By determining who is at risk for these symptoms, clinicians can adopt treatments that prevent these from becoming chronic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]