Search

Education is a process that simplifies learning. It should be a continuous process in one’s life to attain success. Over the decades, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have gradually begun to play a very important role in education, with their usage in education is growing worldwide continuously. These methods allow access to information through the internet. In education, ICT is the method of teaching that uses information and communication technology to support, improve and optimize the transfer of information, in turn leading to the invention of smart education. This improves the quality of teaching, the learning process of students and ultimately facilitates e-learning. It is commonly believed that technology can empower educators and students, making substantial contributions to knowledge and achievement. This paper gives an insight into the various tools that help instructors to develop online course content using Learning Management System tools. These tools allow the instructors to conduct online classes from any location using tutor tools and desktop recording tools to record screen output for further use. The instructor can assess the students in their course using assessment tools and can also enhance teaching methods using innovative teaching tools. The paper also throws limelight on the feedback taken by the faculty as well as the students about the usage of various tools in higher education which helps in analyzing the best suitable tools.

Many aspects characterized novelty. In both practical and theoretical regards, the difficulties observed in technical education are addressed from the psycho-cognitive and the psycho-pedagogical point of view. The modern education system slowly adapts itself to the most powerful educational tools such as Web-based learning, problem-based learning, and collaborative learning methods. Still, they have their scope and limitations, such as difficulty in integrating online and offline, lack of an assessment tool for quality assurance, etc. Hence, the research work’s objective was to develop a Metacognitive Hybrid Model (MHM) for enhancement of the transformative potential of outcome-based, blended learning in higher technical institutions. The MHM model consists of both full-fledged online as well as conventional classroom instructions. Hence, the proposed MHM is a highly effective and efficient model to improve the basic knowledge of the heterogeneous student community and improve their technical knowledge and progression rate. The analysis of the proposed model’s results was computed based on C.O. (Course Outcomes) attainments, grading statistics, and the success rate. The research results show that the success rate of students who adopted the MHM improved by ~8% compared to conventional teaching methods. MHM increases Course Outcome-1 and Course Outcome-2 by 18% and 9%, respectively, which leads to the improvement of basic understanding and application of technology. A minimal impact on Course Outcome-3 and Course Outcome-4 was observed, which is less than 6% due to an increase in the design aspects of the respective courses that were adopted. MHM has been progressively recognized as one of the essential components for the faculties to nurture their students in an Outcome-Based Education (OBE) System.

The World Health Organization has defined dehydration as the condition that results from excessive loss of body water. A 3–4% decline in total body water (TBW) can be endured by individuals, and 5–8% abatement causes exhaustion and dizziness. A 10% loss of TBW causes physical and mental deterioration. A loss between 15 and 25% leads to death. Hence, regular monitoring of TBW is vital. In physiology, TBW is the water contained in the tissues, blood and bones of an organism. TBW in humans is largely altered by dehydration. The precise estimation of TBW requires complex techniques that are not effectively material to the clinical setting. Therefore, a few strategies are utilized by clinicians and scientists for assessment. Involving little research, these methodologies require vast setups and high investments. In this paper, authors aim to analyze different non-invasive techniques to compute TBW of a human being and to suggest the most feasible technique among them.

Since the performance of bus interconnects does not scale with the number of processors connected to the bus, chip multiprocessors make use of on-chip networks that implement packet switching and virtual channel flow control to efficiently transport data. In this paper, we consider the test and fault-tolerance aspects of such a network-on-chip (NoC). Past work in this area has addressed the communication efficiency and deadlock-free properties in NoC, but when routing externally received data, aspects of security must be addressed. A malicious denial-of-service attack or a power virus can be launched by a malicious external agent. We propose a two-tier solution to this problem, where a local self-test manager in each processing element runs test algorithms to detect faults in local processing element and its associated physical and virtual channels. At the global level, the health of the NoC is tested using a sorting-based algorithm proposed in this paper. Similarly, we propose to handle fault-tolerance and security concerns in routing at two levels. At the local level, each node is capable of fault-tolerant routing by deflecting packets to an alternate path; when doing so, since a chance of deadlock may be created, the local router must be capable of guestimating a deadlock situation, switch to packet-switching instead of flit-switching and attempt to reroute the packet. At the global level, a routing agent plays the role of gathering fault data and provide the fault-information to nodes that seek this information periodically. Similarly, the agent is capable of detecting malformed packets coming from an external source and prevent injecting such packets into the network, thereby conserving the network bandwidth. The agent also attempts to guess attempts at denial-of-service attacks and power viruses and will reject packets. Use of a two-tier approach helps in keeping the IP modular and reduces their complexity, thereby making them easier to verify.

Network on chip (NoC) is a scalable interconnection architecture for every increasing communication demand between many processing cores in system on chip design. Reliability aspects are becoming an important issue in fault tolerant architecture. Hence there is a demand for fault tolerant Agent architecture with suitable routing algorithm which plays a vital role in order to enhance the NoC performance. The proposed fault tolerant Agent based NoC method is used to enhance the reliability and performance of the Multiprocessor System on Chip (MPSoC) design against faulty links and nodes. These agents are placed in hierarchical manner to collect, process, classify and distribute different fault information related to the faulty links and nodes of the network. This fault information is used for further packet routing in the network with the help of shortest path routing algorithm. In addition to this the agent will provide the security for the node by setting firewall, which then decides whether the packet has to be processed or not. This intern provides high performance, low latency NoC by avoiding deadlock and live lock with low area overhead.

Network-on-Chip (NoC) is a new approach for designing the communication subsystem among IP cores in a System-on-Chip (SoC). NoC applies networking theory and related methods to on-chip communication and brings out notable improvements over conventional bus and crossbar interconnections. NoC offers a great improvement over the issues like scalability, productivity, power efficiency and signal integrity challenges of complex SoC design. In a NoC, the communication among different nodes is achieved by routing packets through a pre-designed network according to different routing algorithms. Therefore, architecture and related routing algorithm plays an important role to the improvement of overall performance of a NoC. The technique one which is used presently in node is priority based technique packet routing which leads the packet stacking which intern leads to performance degradation. In this paper, proposes a modified random Arbiter combined with deterministic XY routing algorithm to be used on router of NoC. In this method router contains random arbiter along with priority encoder which results into fast way to transfer packet via a specific path between the nodes of the network without stacking. This in turn optimizes the packet storage area and avoids collision because node arbiter will service the packets randomly without any priority. In addition to that this method will ensure a packet always reaches the destination through the possible shortest path without deadlock and livelock.

As technology improves, it is possible to integrate more number of transistors on a single die, which means it is possible to design any complex system on single chip. The networking in such system is very difficult as compared to less complex systems one which uses switching and bus technique. In order to overcome this, a special networking technique is used which is Network on Chip. In this paper, a technique is proposed to develop the platform level design to receive the error-free packets which improves the performance of Network on Chip. By receiving the error free packets, there is no need for the network to check the packet once again for correctness thereby reducing the time taken for the packet to reach from source to destination resulting in an increase in efficiency. This helps in improving the performance since the error packet will be eliminated at the platform level before sending it to the cluster level. The packets are stored into RAM and are classified with the help of packet classifier. The packet classifier will send the packets to respective cluster and node agents at lower hierarchical level. This will improve the performance by avoiding the erroneous packets in network.

Molecular transport of n-alkanes was investigated by calculating sorption, diffusion, and permeation of liquids through the diol chain-extended polyurethane (PU) membranes in the temperature interval 25–60°C. Sorption experiments were performed gravimetrically. Diffusion coefficients were calculated from Fick's equation. These results showed a dependency on the nature and size of interacting n-alkane molecules as well as morphology of the chain-extended PUs. Transport kinetics followed an anomalous trend. Using the temperature-dependent transport parameters, activation energies were calculated for diffusion and permeation processes using an Arrhenius equation. The van't Hoff relationship was used to obtain enthalpy and entropy of sorption. Concentration profiles of liquids through PU membranes were computed using Fick's equation, solved under appropriate initial and boundary conditions. A correlation was attempted between transport properties of liquids and physicomechanical properties of PU membranes. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 874–882, 2005

A series of polyaniline (Pani)-filled chain extended polyurethanes (PUs) were prepared by condensation polymerization of castor oil with methylene diisocyanate (MDI) as crosslinker and diamino diphenyl sulfone (DDS) as chain extender. The effect of different amounts of Pani (varying from 5% to 25%) on the chain extended PUs has been reported. The Pani-filled chain extended PU sheets were characterized by their physico-mechanical properties such as density, tensile strength, percentage elongation at break and surface hardness. Electrical properties, such as volume and surface conductivity, also have been reported. These results are corroborated with microcrystalline parameters of PU/Pani estimated using wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). Polym. Eng. Sci. 44:772–778, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.

Chain-extended polyurethane (PU) elastomers were prepared using castor oil with 4,4′-methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate) (MDI) as a crosslinker and 4,4′-diamino diphenyl sulphone (DDS) as an aromatic diamine chain extender. A series of starch-filled (from 5 to 25% wt/wt) diamines chain-extended PUs have been prepared. The starch-filled PU composites were characterized for physico-mechanical properties viz, density, surface hardness, tensile strength, and percentage elongation at break. Thermal stability of PU/starch have been carried out by using thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). Thermal degradation process of PU/starch were found to proceed in three steps. TGA thermograms of PU/starch shows that all systems were stable upto 235°C, and maximum weight loss occur at temperature 558°C. The microcrystalline parameters such as crystal size (〈N〉) and lattice strain (g in %) of PU/starch have been established using wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) method. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 2945–2954, 2003

A series of 1,4-butane diol and 1,6-hexane diol based chain extended polyurethanes (PUs) have been prepared using castor oil with different diisocyanates such as methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate) (MDI), toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) and hexa methylene diisocyanate (HMDI) as crosslinkers. The prepared aliphatic diol based chain extended PU's have been characterised for physico-mechanical properties such as density, tensile strength, percentage elongation at break, tensile modulus and surface hardness; and optical properties like total transmittance and haze. The properties imparted by the chain extenders and diisocyanates on PUs have been explained on the basis of chemical structure. Effect of heat aging on mechanical properties of PUs have also studied. These changes have been interpreted quantitatively in terms of microcrystalline parameters computed using wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) data.

Sorption and diffusion of a number of chlorinated alkanes through a diol chain extended polyurethane (PU) membranes have been investigated at 25, 40 and 60 °C, based on an immersion weight gain method. From the sorption result, the diffusion (D) and permeation (P) coefficients of halogenated hydrocarbon penetrants have been calculated. Molecular transport data depends on membrane–solvent interactions, size of the penetrants, temperature and also morphology of the chain extended PUs. The temperature dependence of the transport coefficient has been used to estimate the activation parameters for the process of diffusion (ED) and permeation (EP) from the Arrhenius plots. Furthermore, the sorption results have been interpreted interms of the thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy and entropy.