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Finding a parking space is a major concern in megacities, causing drivers to lose time and money while contributing to atmospheric pollution and global warming. This study proposes a method to predict parking slot availability by comparing Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Multi-Head Attention (MHA) methods using the CityPulse Smart City Datasets. The initial experiments assessed the impact of pollution and time features on prediction accuracy. In a subsequent experiment, the dataset was expanded by incorporating weather-related features and a broader time range while excluding pollution and time features, as informed by the initial results. Various experiments were conducted with different parameters, such as model depth and activation functions. The results demonstrated that MHA outperformed LSTM in predicting occupancy rates, achieving a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) score of 0.0589 on the extended dataset. This study marks a pioneering effort in using MHA for real-time parking occupancy prediction, showcasing significant success with fewer parameters and a smaller model size.

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the functional changes associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using independent component analysis (ICA) with the word generation task functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and resting‐state fMRI. Methods In this study 17 patients with MCI and age and education‐matched 17 healthy individuals as control group are investigated. All participants underwent resting‐state fMRI and task‐based fMRI while performing the word generation task. ICA was used to identify the appropriate independent components (ICs) and their associated networks. The Dice Coefficient method was used to determine the relevance of the ICs to the networks of interest. Results IC‐14 was found relevant to language network in both resting‐state and task‐based fMRI, IC‐4 to visual, and IC‐28 to dorsal attention network (DAN) in word generation task‐based fMRI by Sorento‐Dice Coefficient. ICA showed increased activation in language network, which had a larger voxel size in resting‐state functional MRI than word generation task‐based fMRI in the bilateral lingual gyrus. Right temporo‐occipital fusiform cortex, right hippocampus, and right thalamus were also activated in the task‐based fMRI. Decreased activation was found in DAN and visual network MCI patients in word generation task‐based fMRI. Conclusion Task‐based fMRI and ICA are more sophisticated and reliable tools in evaluation cognitive impairments in language processing. Our findings support the neural mechanisms of the cognitive impairments in MCI.

Finding a parking space is a major concern in megacities, causing drivers to lose time and money while contributing to atmospheric pollution and global warming. This study proposes a method to predict parking slot availability by comparing Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Multi-Head Attention (MHA) methods using the CityPulse Smart City Datasets. The initial experiments assessed the impact of pollution and time features on prediction accuracy. In a subsequent experiment, the dataset was expanded by incorporating weather-related features and a broader time range while excluding pollution and time features, as informed by the initial results. Various experiments were conducted with different parameters, such as model depth and activation functions. The results demonstrated that MHA outperformed LSTM in predicting occupancy rates, achieving a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) score of 0.0589 on the extended dataset. This study marks a pioneering effort in using MHA for real-time parking occupancy prediction, showcasing significant success with fewer parameters and a smaller model size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study on women aviators who have made a name for themselves in the aviation industry and have achieved the title of being the first by standing out with their work in history. Topics include the challenges faced by the employment of women after the first and second world wars, the history of aviation and female aviators, the contribution of aviatrix Sophie Blanchard to aviation history, and the flying career of Mary Myers in the 1880s.

Türkiye’ye göç eden Suriyeli mültecilerin toplumsal uyumlarının istenilen şekilde gerçekleşmemesi ve mültecilere ait bir politikanın olmaması, mültecilerin toplumsal uyum ve kabullerini oldukça zorlaştırmaktadır. Bu sorun sadece mültecileri değil, mültecilerle birlikte Türkiye’de özellikle yoğun sığınmacı nüfusunun olduğu bölgelerde yaşayan insanları da oldukça risk altına sokmaktadır. Ankara’nın Altındağ bölgesinde yaşayan ve sosyal hizmet merkezini aktif olarak kullanan ve Suriyeli komşuları ile ilgili sorunlarını dile getiren 6 kadın müracaatçı ile mültecilere ilişkin görüş ve tutumların değerlendirilmesi amacı ile odak grup görüşmesi planlanmıştır. Bu görüşmenin ardından Suriyeli kadın müracaatçılar ile görüşülmüş ve onlardan Türkiye’deki yaşamları ve yerel halk ile ilgili görüşleri alınmıştır. Türkiyeli katılımcıların Suriyelilere ilişkin görüşleri değerlendirilmiş ve doğru, resmi ve yasal dayanaklarla bilgilendirme yapılarak, farklı ve yanlış görüşlerin değiştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgulardan Türk katılımcıların Suriyeli misafirler ile ilgili birçok farklı, yanlış ve abartılı görüşleri olduğu, yasal düzenlemeler ve verilen haklar ile ilgili sağlıklı bilgilerinin olmadığı anlaşılmıştır. Katılımcılar bilgilendirme oturumu ve Suriyeli katılımcılar ile görüşmelerinin ardından görüşlerinin değiştiğini ve farkındalıklarının arttığını bildirmiştir. Benzer çalışmaların daha geniş popülasyonla tekrarlanması tavsiye edilmektedir.

Named entity recognition (NER) aims to identify mentions of named entities in an unstructured text and classify them into predefined named entity classes. While deep learning-based pre-trained language models help to achieve good predictive performances in NER, many domain-specific NER applications still call for a substantial amount of labeled data. Active learning (AL), a general framework for the label acquisition problem, has been used for NER tasks to minimize the annotation cost without sacrificing model performance. However, the heavily imbalanced class distribution of tokens introduces challenges in designing effective AL querying methods for NER. We propose several AL sentence query evaluation functions that pay more attention to potential positive tokens and evaluate these proposed functions with both sentence-based and token-based cost evaluation strategies. We also propose a better data-driven normalization approach to penalize sentences that are too long or too short. Our experiments on three datasets from different domains reveal that the proposed approach reduces the number of annotated tokens while achieving better or comparable prediction performance with conventional methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malignant pleural effusions are characterized by malignant cells in pleural fluid and appear in the course of various cancers. MPE (Malignant Pleural Effusion) develops during the course of approximately 75% of cases with lung, breast, ovarian cancer, and lymphoma. Its presence indicates that the underlying disease is advanced or widespread. In MPE the average survival is 3-12 months and varies by the cellular type of the underlying malignancy. Among various malignancies, ovarian cancer is associated with the longest survival and lung cancer with the shortest. The most widely accepted mechanism for the mechanism of development of MPE is increased pleural permeability and impaired drainage caused by metastatic disease. In addition to radiological examinations, cytological examination of pleural fluid and closed or open pleura biopsies are the diagnostic tools used for MPE. Treatment is aimed at controlling symptoms and increasing quality of life rather than treating the primary disease. In order to reduce intrapleural fluid volume, control associated symptoms, and improve quality of life and survival, it is imperative to identify the etiology of effusion and to individualize patient management.

Chylothorax refers to the presence of lymphatic fluid in the pleural space secondary to leakage from the thoracic duct or one of its branches. Whatever the etiology is, the main cause is the deterioration of the integrity of the thoracic duct or the obstruction of the duct. In cases of chylothorax, the mostly observed complaint is the dyspnea that occurs with the accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the intrapleural space. If patients left untreated, firstly nutritional insufficiency, fluid and electrolyte imbalance and in progressed phases immune deficiency will be developed due to loss of lymphatic fluid. In the diagnosis of chylothorax, the analysis of pleural fluid that optioned by thoracentesis is important. Milk like appearance, more than 110mg/dL of triglyceride levels in chemical analysis and a ratio of cholesterol/triglyceride smaller than 1 are important criteria for diagnosis. Chylothorax that could be caused by various etiologies may cause mortality which makes its' treatment an obligation as soon as diagnosis established. In treatment, draining of chylotic fluid should be performed primarily to relieve breathing. After then, medium chain triglyceride, total parenteral nutrition and somatostatin or octreotid are used for conservative approach. In cases where those conservative approaches failed, procedures like, surgical ligation of duct, pleuroperitoneal shunting and pleurodesis are being considered for treatment. It needs to be seriously addressed and it should be noted that in delayed treatment chylothorax has a high mortality rate.

Background: Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is a transitional state between normal aging and dementia, and identifying early biomarkers is crucial for disease detection and intervention. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has the potential to identify changes in neural activity in MCI. Methods: We investigated neural activity changes in the visual network of the aMCI patients (n:20) and healthy persons (n:17) using resting‐state fMRI and visual oddball task fMRI. We used independent component analysis to identify regions of interest and compared the activity between groups using a false discovery rate correction. Results: Resting‐state fMRI revealed increased activity in the areas that have functional connectivity with the visual network, including the right superior and inferior lateral occipital cortex, the right angular gyrus and the temporo‐occipital part of the right middle temporal gyrus (p‐FDR = 0.008) and decreased activity in the bilateral thalamus and caudate nuclei, which are part of the frontoparietal network in the aMCI group (p‐FDR = 0.002). In the visual oddball task fMRI, decreased activity was found in the right frontal pole, the right frontal orbital cortex, the left superior parietal lobule, the right postcentral gyrus, the right posterior part of the supramarginal gyrus, the right superior part of the lateral occipital cortex, and the right angular gyrus in the aMCI group. Conclusion: Our results suggest the alterations in the visual network are present in aMCI patients, both during resting‐state and task‐based fMRI. These changes may represent early biomarkers of aMCI and highlight the importance of assessing visual processing in cognitive impairment. However, future studies with larger sample sizes and longitudinal designs are needed to confirm these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: High levels of TGF-β1 and enhanced TGF-β1 receptor signaling are related to the pathology of gastric cancer. This effect is caused by oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation products. The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of TGF-β1 and lipid peroxidation products in gastric cancer patients and their correlation with pathologic stage. Material and Methods: Lipid peroxidation products and TGF-β1 levels were studied in the serum samples of 50 gastric cancer patients and 18 control subjects.Results: HNE-protein adducts and TGF-β1 levels were significantly higher in T2, T3 and T4 gastric cancers than in either the T1 stage or controls (p

Objective: To explore the differences existing between the levels of oxidative stress in peripheral and mesenteric serum in patients with colorectal cancer. Material and Methods: One hundred fifty patients with colorectal cancer who underwent surgery between May 2005 and March 2010 were prospectively analyzed. The differences between oxidative stress parameters in their peripheral and mesenteric blood were measured. The associations between peripheral and mesenteric levels and the staging and clinicopathological variables were investigated.Results: Oxidative stress parameters were higher in patients with advanced tumor staging (p

OBJECTIVES: Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative, spiral-shaped, urease-producing bacterium with multiple unipolar flagella. Humans are a major reservoir for H. pylori; however, there are no data on the prevalence of H. pylori among dyspeptic patients who have experienced natural disasters. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of H. pylori in dyspeptic patients who survived a recent natural disaster and to compare the data between the pre-disaster and post-disaster periods. METHODS: Between December 2011 and February 2012 (∼ one month following an earthquake), 209 dyspeptic patients who underwent gastroscopy were included in the study. For microorganism identification, gastric biopsy materials from the 209 disaster survivors with dyspeptic complaints were tested for urease activity in a medium containing urea and a pH indicator. The obtained results were compared with pre-disaster data from dyspeptic patients in the same city during the corresponding period of the previous year. Furthermore, the current H. pylori prevalence was evaluated among 139 dyspeptic patients between January 2014 and May 2014. RESULTS: We found a significantly higher prevalence of H. pylori in disaster survivors with dyspepsia compared with dyspeptic patients in the pre-disaster period (p

In this present study, response surface methodology was applied for the optimization and evaluation of different heavy-metal sorption processes. Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) and poly(vinylpyrrolidone- co -methylacrylate) hydrogels were used as pH-responsive adsorbents to investigate their efficiency in the uptake of Cu 2+ , Ni 2+ , Zn 2+ and Cd 2+ metal ions from aqueous solution in a batch reactor system. The effect of operational parameters such as initial pH and contact time were studied using central composite design. Analysis of variance depicted the central composite design model was significant for Cu 2+ , Ni 2+ , Zn 2+ and Cd 2+ metal ions removal by the investigated hydrogels. A comparison between the model results and experimental data showed that poly(vinylpyrrolidone- co -methylacrylate) possessed higher metal ions binding affinity than poly(vinylpyrrolidone) hydrogel. The heavy-metal ions sorption kinetic well fitted the pseudo second-order kinetic model. Evaluation of the intraparticle diffusion model suggested the sorption process occurred in two phases: surface sorption and intraparticle diffusion. Isothermic results revealed that Freundlich and Temkin isotherms best described the adsorbate–adsorbent interactions. Maximum sorption capacities were observed for Cu 2+ ion and were determined as 86.66 mg/g and 98.53 mg/g for poly(vinylpyrrolidone) and poly(vinylpyrrolidone- co -methylacrylate) hydrogels, respectively.