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Studies have shown that conversion to conservation tillage from conventional tillage does not increase total soil organic carbon (SOC) significantly in the short term (<5 yrs). While no-till increases total SOC in the medium to long term, it was hypothesized that the inclusion of high biomass cover crops and organic mulches may increase total SOC in the short term. The use of invasive, perennial leguminous species as mulch may sustainably increase SOC during limited-input fall vegetable production. The objective of this study, conducted in Alabama (USA), was to quantify total SOC changes due to organic mulches and forage soybean (Glycine max(L.) Merr. cv. Derry) as a summer cover crop after conversion to no-till during limited-input fall collard (Brassica oleraceaL.) production. Forage soybean as a summer cover crop did not increase SOC. No-till without mulch (control treatment) significantly increased SOC at 0–5 cm from 6.3 to 14.0 g kg−1soil in 3 yrs, whereas inclusion of cut-and-carry mulches increased SOC to ≥22.6 g kg−1soil. Treatments did not affect collard yield, which averaged 17,863 kg ha−1yr−1. This represents a novel, limited-input system that may help control on-farm invasive species while sustainably increasing SOC in the short term. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The velocity of venous blood flow in the legs has been measured in patients before and after operation using I hippuran. Immediately after operation there was a profound slowing of venous flow to about half the pre-operative rate. On the day following operation the rate had returned to the pre-operative level. The effect of elevation of the legs has been investigated. Leg elevation approximately doubled the rate of flow. The value of leg elevation as a measure in the prevention of deep vein thrombosis is discussed in the light of these findings. The paper provides evidence that the practice of elevation of the legs during and after operation increases venous flow rate. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The scanning electronmicroscopic appearances of hypertrophic and keloid scar before and after treatment, mature scar and normal skin have been investigated. There is a graduation of features such as collagen orientation and fibre size which accompanies the clinical maturation from the active hypertrophic state into mature scar, a process which is hastened but not materially altered by treatment with steroid or compression-occlusion. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Biopsies from non-hypertrophic and hypertrophic scars and from normal skin have been studied histochemically for activities of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide diaphorase, lactate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, β-D glucuronidase and alkaline phosphatase. The activities of all enzymes studied except alkaline phosphatase were found to be increased in hypertrophic scars as compared with non-hypertrophic scars and normal skin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In developmental terms, the human hand is at the same time both specialised and primitive. Its manipulative ability, though somewhat better than that of the apes and monkeys, has lost strength compared with hands of recently extinct species of Man, and shows some evolutionary characteristics seen in reptiles of 250 million years ago. Its evolution, as presently understood, is described. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The investigation of sixty-one rheumatoid patients relates their hand function to measured hand deformity. Certain deformities are related to a reduction in function; others are not. The dominant hand, used more frequently, deteriorates more quickly than the non-dominant. The benefit on hand function of synovectomy is limited in duration and should be accompanied by some procedure to defer or correct deformity.Study of the metacarpophalangeal joints by radiography and at operation shows that degeneration starts where the metacarpal head first loses articulation with the base of the phalanx, and spreads out from there across the metacarpal head as deformity increases. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Examines the effects of delayed reward pretraining on discrimination learning in children in Iowa. Absence of difference in speed of response in the control group; Total number of children in the study; Development of differential speeds in the study.