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It is a well-known reality that capitalism forms the economic system of the world. Therefore, fordism and post-fordism contained in the economic system are also under the influence of capitalism. As shown in the research, fordism affects the modernism, and in the next step dealt post-fordism influences the post-modernism. On the other hand, the modernism and post-modernism theories have been considered through different perspectives by the "development literature" and the "underdevelopment literature". It is not possible to find a solution against the social development problem unless these theories are taken into consideration in terms of "underdevelopment" perspective. For this reason, in this article, investigation of the modernism and post-modernism theories has been concentrated in terms of underdevelopment based on production relations which determines economic systems. According to the findings acquired in literature review, modernism and post-modernism are beneficial for developed countries based on relations of production. Starting this point, this study aims to emphasize the factors that could be disadvantageous for underdeveloped countries and attempts to offer new policies intended to prevent the undesired effects of these factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]