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The advancement in information communication technologies has seen the rise in the deployment of various information exchange devices in the healthcare sector. Among these technologies is the Tele-care Medical Information Systems (TMIS) in which remote users can establish a connection with the hospital medical server and share the necessary information between them. This can potentially offer doctors and patients more reasonable treatment plan, as well as helping address the huge medical expenses and excessive medical treatment duration. There is therefore need to store patient data in the end devices, as well as transmit this data over public channels to facilitate decision making. This paper sought to review the security schemes that have been developed over the recent past to protect the patient data stored or transmitted in TMIS.

The internet of medical things has been developed to facilitate remote monitoring of the patients as well as the elderly. Unfortunately, the communication between the remote patients and the medical doctors is the open wireless channels. Therefore, the data transmitted can be eavesdropped, intercepted, replayed or modified. This poses serious challenges to patient privacy as well as endangering patient life. To curb this, numerous schemes have been put forward by various researchers over the recent past. In this paper, we provide an extensive review of these schemes in an effort to identify any gaps. Consequently, we show that the current security and privacy preservation schemes have many challenges that render the communication process insecure or inefficient. As such, we offer some suggestions for the requirements of an ideal security technique that will not only be efficient but also provably secure.

In today’s society, most if not all sectors digitize and automate in order to become more efficient. The increasing availability and sophistication of software technologies disrupt labor markets by making workers redundant. Within this context, a significant change is companies’ introduction of chatbots as a supplement to human customer support is vital. Chatbots are computer programs that interact with humans through natural language. The purpose of chatbots is to simulate a human conversation in response to natural language input through text or voice. There seems to be no proper guidelines for adoption of chatbots for provision of customer care support services in telecommunication industry in Kenya. The aim of this research was to develop a framework for adoption of artificially intelligent chatbot application in telecommunication industry. This was achieved through determination of the status of implementation of chatbots in Kenya and identification of key metrics that served as indicators for chatbot adoption. The metrics were identified through review of previous technology adoption frameworks and models. The study adopted mixed methods where qualitative and quantitative data was collected using interview schedules and questionnaires respectively. Content analysis was used in analyzing qualitative data. Quantitative data was analyzed descriptively and results were presented using tables. The target population included experts in the field of AI in two telecommunication firms in Kenya. The study sample was drawn, using Delphi technique, from the two telecommunication firms. The descriptive and principal component analysis were utilized. The results of this research study will be crucial to all telecommunication firms in guiding them on the most effective and efficient way of adopting AI chatbot application for customer support services.

Automation of ICT services has been regarded as a key driver and enabler to better service delivery to most organizations today. Recent demand and access to modern technology have led to improved management of medical laboratory services in Kenya. In Kenya, Health services delivery is being transformed by advancements in technologies embraced thus act as the main support to better medical laboratory services. The paper discusses the state of computer use by medical laboratory facilities, the challenges and emerging technologies used. Various laboratory facilities have automated their services few have initiated the process for better client management, Some facilities are still facing challenges caused by manual systems, such systems need to be phased out to reduce any risks that might be caused by them. The advantage of Computerising a medical facility is that there will be improved growth and proper management of health services by facilities and services to customers. Previous research journals and conference proceedings have been used in this paper as main sources of literature as per the title. Methodological approaches used to get the data from the health facilities are highlighted and explained to show the state of adoption. Findings from previous and current studies indicate that medical facilities have been fully automated; however, the potential for its growth is enormous due to implementation challenges fueled by the rapid demand and penetration of various systems in health facilities

Plant Stress detection is a vital farming activity for enhanced productivity of crops and food security. Convolution Neural Networks (CNN) focuses on the complex relationships on input and output layers of neural networks for prediction. This task further helps in detecting the behavior of crops in response to biotic and abiotic stressors in reducing food losses. The enhancement of crop productivity for food security depends on accurate stress detection. This paper proposes and investigates the application of deep neural network to the tomato pests and disease stress detection. The images captured over a period of six months are treated as historical dataset to train and detect the plant stresses. The network structure is implemented using Google’s machine learning Tensor-flow platform. A number of activation functions were tested to achieve a better accuracy. The Rectifier linear unit (ReLU) function was tested. The preliminary results show increased accuracy over other activation functions.

Determining the size, effort and cost of Service-oriented Architecture (SOA) systems is important to facilitate project planning and eventually successful implementation of a software project. SOA approach is one of the recent software architectures that allow integration of applications within and outside the organization regardless of heterogeneous technology over a distributed network. A number of research studies have been done to measure SOA size.However, these studies are not based on software metrics rendering them to be ineffective in their estimation. This study defined a set of SOA size metrics based on Unified Modelling Language (UML). The study employed Briand’s theoretical validation to test the validity of the designed SOA size metrics. Findings from this study will provide metrics to measure SOA size more accurately and form a basis for future software engineering researchers to develop more effective and more accurate size metrics and effort estimation methods.

Several researchers have proposed the various classes of software attributes to guide in the derivation of metrics for software products. These existing classifications have targeted traditional software paradigms such as procedural and object-oriented software. Sassy cascading style sheets (SCSS) has unique features since it combines Cascading style sheets (CSS) features with traditional software features such as variables, functions and control flows. Due to this uniqueness, there arises a need to develop a new classification scheme that can be effectively used to classify all the possible structural attributes for Sassy cascading style sheets. The aim of this paper, therefore, is to develop and validate a comprehensive software complexity attributes classification framework for SCSS. The new framework was validated through an online expert opinion survey, where thirteen SCSS experts were involved. Results show that the proposed framework is complete and effective to guide metrics researchers in defining new metrics for SCSS

The enterprise resource planning (ERP) system is a complex and comprehensive software that integrates various enterprise functions and resources. Although ERP systems have been depicted as a solution in many organizations, there are many negative reports on ERP success, benefits, and effect on user performance. Previous research noted that there is a lack of knowledge and awareness of ERP systems and their overall value to ERP organizations. ERP systems have been widely studied during the past decade; yet they often fail to deliver the intended benefits originally expected. One notable reason for their failures is the lack of understanding in user requirements. There are many studies conducted to propose software quality models with their quality characteristics. However, there is currently no dedicated software quality model that can describe usability maturity and involve new features of ERP systems. This chapter proposes a framework for evaluating the usability maturity as a quality attribute of ERP systems.

Globally, ICT is regarded as a driver and enabler; thus, organisations which have integrated ICT in their systems have had immense growth and output. The adoption of ICT into the Kenyan County Governments, therefore, promises equal growth and output. These benefits notwithstanding, integration of ICT systems into County Governments is faced with a number of challenges in terms of vulnerabilities and other cybersecurity risks. This paper sought to identify the key facilitators of cybersecurity vulnerabilities in Kenyan County Governments only. The exploratory research design was used as a methodology. Questionnaires and interview schedules were the main instruments of data collection. The data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings indicate that there is a need for County Governments in Kenya to prepare for cybersecurity related challenges through policy formulations, End-users and ICT experts awareness on cybersecurity-attacks, Management support through resources funding and cybersecurity infrastructure is key to any system controls. The solutions to cybersecurity vulnerabilities in Kenyan County governments can be solved when these keys are implemented.

Determining the size, effort and cost of Service-oriented Architecture (SOA) systems is important to facilitate project planning and eventually successful implementation of a software project. SOA approach is one of the recent software architectures that allow integration of applications within and outside the organization regardless of heterogeneous technology over a distributed network. A number of research studies have been done to measure SOA size.However, these studies are not based on software metrics rendering them to be ineffective in their estimation. This study defined a set of SOA size metrics based on Unified Modelling Language (UML). The study employed Briand’s theoretical validation to test the validity of the designed SOA size metrics. Findings from this study will provide metrics to measure SOA size more accurately and form a basis for future software engineering researchers to develop more effective and more accurate size metrics and effort estimation methods. KEYWORDS Service-oriented Architecture, Web services, software metrics, Unified Modelling Language, effort estimation

Cascading style sheets (CSS) is a Web-based style sheet language that is used for the presentation of Web documents. CSS has advanced from CSS1 to CSS3.and extensions to CSS known as CSS pre-processors have also emerged in the last few years. As is the case with regular software, CSS have inherent complexity that keeps on increasing with age which is undesirable, and metrics are needed to measure with the aim of controlling it. Although several Web metrics have been proposed in the literature, the area of stylesheets is still lagging. Findings show that few CSS-related metrics exist, and there is no evidence of proof for their mathematical soundness through the popularly known frameworks such as Briand framework and Weyuker’s properties. In addition, they have not been empirically validated. In order to address this gap, future studies should focus on defining and validating new metrics for CSS and its pre-processors.

In today’s organizations Human Resource Management has become one of the key resources of business organizations. The need to integrate Human Resource Management (HRM) with information systems has become a necessity as modern firms are realizing that their people and information resources are vital for their survival. This is the reason Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS) is now used extensively in all organizations irrespective of its size, tenure of establishment, complexities of operations etc. With the growing importance of human resource management and increasing size of the organizations, maintenance of employee related data and generating reports are the crucial aspects of any organization. Therefore more and more organizations are adopting computer based human resource management systems (HRMS) This paper is an attempt to highlight the value of information systems in Human Resource Management. The study is conducted through analysis of secondary data from books, journals and reviews.

E-learning software systems have been proposed by many researchers and academics as alternative platform for pedagogy other than traditional face-to-face. One of such information systems (IS) is Virtual learning Systems (VLS). VLS are becoming an increasingly common form of education due to the need for a platform that provides ability to connect people with required sets of skills, regardless of their location in the world. However, user satisfaction has always been a major factor in the success of software, regardless of whether the software is closed proprietary or open source software (OSS). Although user-centred designs are gaining recognition among virtual learning systems (VLS) community, many design scenarios still do not incorporate usability as one of their primary goals. Accordingly, many individuals believe that if VLS was more usable, its popularity would increase tremendously. Although there are strong usability models for IS, there is still potential to improve the usability of VLS. The usability assessment of VLS projects is an area where relatively little research has been conducted, and, accordingly, the main contribution of this work is a methodology that evaluates the usability maturity of a VLS project. Consequently, the study presents a usability maturity model that is aimed at usability-related issues for virtual learning system projects. The model to be developed is a response to a need for measuring the extent to which virtual learning systems software projects support usability. Specifically, it is intended for assessing and improving the usability aspect in VLS software development. The deductions from the research findings will be especially useful to e-learning practitioners, ICT and Education professionals and policy makers and researchers in Virtual Learning Environments.

Over the years , Information System has advanced so much that we are able to operate better in an organization which is better than what used to happen in the past. Information Systems derived from the term data processing. The purpose of Information Systems is to provide efficient and reliable ways on how to perform functions in an organization. Computers have important role in evolution of Information System. There have been a lot of applications of Information System in the organizations today including human resource operation as the main field of concern, accounting and finance, logistics and planning among others. Internet is the recent development in the use of Information. Studies have been carried out on Information System and its application but none of the studies have looked at the role Information System plays in typical organizational operational functions especially in the Human Resource Operations. This therefore leaves the gap in research that this paper sought to breach. The study is conducted through analysis of literature review from journals, and surveys. The paper therefore recommends that organizations should apply Information Systems in Human Resources operations in order to reap these benefits.

Computer-mediated learning is becoming an increasingly common form of education in institutions of higher learning (IHL). Many IHL in developing nations, such as Kenya, have greatly experienced an increase in demand for higher education. On the other hand, the ability to connect people with required sets of skills, regardless of their location in the world has been enabled by advances in information technology over the past 20 years. Use of virtual learning environment (VLE) has rapidly emerged as a very promising technology that will probably match the innovation of technologies such as multimedia/hypermedia. These VLEs have the potential to provide opportunities for active, flexible, and increasingly individualized learning experiences. It also explains virtual reality principle, describes the interactive educational environment, highlights the challenges higher education face in the traditional mode of delivery and discusses educational benefits of implementing virtual learning environments in IHL. The paper makes a number of recommendations for successful adoption of VLEs in higher education

In recent years there has been increase in diverse views in relation to the use of Virtual Reality (VR) to enhance learning and cognition. Besides, there has been significant growth in the use of 3D virtual worlds for e-learning and distance education. On the other hand, the advent of grid and cloud computing is slowly reshaping the learning ecology from individual learning to collaborative learning via Internet resulting to new e-pedagogy. Introduction of GRID technology in institutions of higher Learning in the recent times is bound to bring realignment in conceptual and technical aspects of electronic learning. The researcher envisions emerging VR tools as a very promising technology that will probably match the innovation of technologies such as multimedia/hypermedia. This study stems from a research work and intends to discuss about the VR technology available today and the impact it may have on education. The study analyzes the major trends in the use of Virtual Reality for learning purposes. It also explains virtual reality principle, describes the interactive educational environment, highlights the challenges schools face in the traditional mode of delivery and discusses educational benefits of implementing virtual reality. The researcher then finalizes with a number of recommendations for integrating Virtual reality in educational setup