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This research was conducted with the aim of providing a chicken supply chain model based on challenges, success factors and human resource limitations. The information required for the research was collected from 15 experts and managers of poultry farms of Behparvor Group in the whole country and their opinions were obtained through interpretive structural modeling (ISM) interviews with a qualitative approach. In this research, using interpretive structural modeling, an integrated model for the chicken supply chain based on challenges, success factors and human resource limitations was designed. The results of interpretative structural modeling in this research showed the challenges of human resources with the dimensions of not paying attention to employee training, competitors' attempts to attract the company's experts, the nature of hard work, the inability to retain the company's experts, employees' resistance to change and leaving the job. Expert employees of the company as negative factors of the optimal supply chain of chicken production and also, the success factors of human resources with the dimensions of employee training, employee empowerment, employee welfare, job justice, financial justice and attracting and retaining employees as positive factors of the optimal supply chain of chicken production, along with the limitations of human resources with the dimensions of the lack of specialized labor in the labor market, the supply of labor by non-specialists and the lack of financial resources to attract specialized labor as negative factors of the optimal supply chain of chicken production constitute the integrated model of the chicken supply chain based on human resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]