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509 results on '"Kelaher, Brendan"'

8. Climate drives the geography of marine consumption by changing predator communities

Author

Whalen, Matthew A, Whippo, Ross DB, Stachowicz, John J, York, Paul H, Aiello, Erin, Alcoverro, Teresa, Altieri, Andrew H, Benedetti-Cecchi, Lisandro, Bertolini, Camilla, Bresch, Midoli, Bulleri, Fabio, Carnell, Paul E, Cimon, Stéphanie, Connolly, Rod M, Cusson, Mathieu, Diskin, Meredith S, D’Souza, Elrika, Flores, Augusto AV, Fodrie, F Joel, Galloway, Aaron WE, Gaskins, Leo C, Graham, Olivia J, Hanley, Torrance C, Henderson, Christopher J, Hereu, Clara M, Hessing-Lewis, Margot, Hovel, Kevin A, Hughes, Brent B, Hughes, A Randall, Hultgren, Kristin M, Jänes, Holger, Janiak, Dean S, Johnston, Lane N, Jorgensen, Pablo, Kelaher, Brendan P, Kruschel, Claudia, Lanham, Brendan S, Lee, Kun-Seop, Lefcheck, Jonathan S, Lozano-Álvarez, Enrique, Macreadie, Peter I, Monteith, Zachary L, O’Connor, Nessa E, Olds, Andrew D, O’Leary, Jennifer K, Patrick, Christopher J, Pino, Oscar, Poore, Alistair GB, Rasheed, Michael A, Raymond, Wendel W, Reiss, Katrin, Rhoades, O Kennedy, Robinson, Max T, Ross, Paige G, Rossi, Francesca, Schlacher, Thomas A, Seemann, Janina, Silliman, Brian R, Smee, Delbert L, Thiel, Martin, Unsworth, Richard KF, van Tussenbroek, Brigitta I, Vergés, Adriana, Yeager, Mallarie E, Yednock, Bree K, Ziegler, Shelby L, and Duffy, J Emmett

Subjects
Life Below Water, Climate Action, Alismatales, Animals, Biodiversity, Biomass, Climate, Female, Fisheries, Fishes, Food Chain, Geography, Global Warming, Humans, Male, latitudinal gradients, trophic processes, seagrass, biogeography, macroecology
Abstract

The global distribution of primary production and consumption by humans (fisheries) is well-documented, but we have no map linking the central ecological process of consumption within food webs to temperature and other ecological drivers. Using standardized assays that span 105° of latitude on four continents, we show that rates of bait consumption by generalist predators in shallow marine ecosystems are tightly linked to both temperature and the composition of consumer assemblages. Unexpectedly, rates of consumption peaked at midlatitudes (25 to 35°) in both Northern and Southern Hemispheres across both seagrass and unvegetated sediment habitats. This pattern contrasts with terrestrial systems, where biotic interactions reportedly weaken away from the equator, but it parallels an emerging pattern of a subtropical peak in marine biodiversity. The higher consumption at midlatitudes was closely related to the type of consumers present, which explained rates of consumption better than consumer density, biomass, species diversity, or habitat. Indeed, the apparent effect of temperature on consumption was mostly driven by temperature-associated turnover in consumer community composition. Our findings reinforce the key influence of climate warming on altered species composition and highlight its implications for the functioning of Earth's ecosystems.

Published
2020

15. Shading responses are species-specific in thermally stressed corals.

Author

Ellis, Sophia L., Butcherine, Peter, Tagliafico, Alejandro, Hendrickson, Conor, Kelaher, Brendan P., Schulz, Kai G., and Harrison, Daniel P.

Subjects
CORAL bleaching, MARINE heatwaves, THERMAL stresses, HIGH temperatures, WATER temperature
Abstract

Light is critical to coral growth through endosymbiont photosynthesis but can also act with elevated temperatures to cause coral bleaching. When more light is absorbed than can be used for photosynthesis, elevated irradiance can damage symbiont photosynthetic machinery. Hence, solar-radiation management through shading has been suggested to alleviate coral bleaching during marine heatwaves. Acropora divaricata and Acropora kenti were tested at two temperatures with 30% shading and an unshaded control to determine the relative impacts of light and temperature on coral bleaching severity. The coral bleaching response was assessed by photochemical (pulse amplitude modulated fluorometry), physiological (symbiont density, chlorophyll a concentration, catalase activity, and lipid peroxidation), and physical (mean intensity of grey or 'percentage whiteness') markers. Shading significantly reduced the bleaching response in A. divaricata, whilst for some parameters A. kenti responded negatively to shade. In A. divaricata, shading prevented photochemical collapse up to the experiment's maximum 4.4 degree-heating weeks (DHW). Biomarkers of coral bleaching stress responded to shade and water temperature at 4.4 DHW; catalase activity was greatest in the shaded and ambient temperature treatment. Shading did not reduce the effects of bleaching in A. kenti; the mean intensity of grey and light saturation coefficient was greatest in the shaded treatment. Shading did, however, reduce lipid peroxidation at 3 DHW. Our results suggest shading during thermal stress may only protect some coral species, highlighting the need to consider species-specific responses when evaluating the potential efficacy of coral bleaching interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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33. Intermittent shading can moderate coral bleaching on shallow reefs.

Author

Butcherine, Peter, Tagliafico, Alejandro, Ellis, Sophia L., Kelaher, Brendan P., Hendrickson, Conor, and Harrison, Daniel

Subjects
CORAL bleaching, SOLAR radiation management, MARINE resources conservation, CORAL declines, CORAL reef conservation, THERMAL stresses, ECOSYSTEM management, WATER temperature
Abstract

The health of coral reefs is declining from the effects of human activity and climate change. Mass coral bleaching is often triggered by elevated water temperature and excessive solar irradiance. Shading can reduce coral bleaching risk. Shading-based management interventions, such as whole-ofreef marine fogging, have been proposed as a conservation tool for periods when coral undergoes excessive thermal stress. This study examined the effect of intermittent shade (30% for 0, 4, or 24 h) on two coral species, Duncanopsammia axifuga and Turbinaria reniformis, held at either 26.4°C or 32.4°C for 18 days. Coral fragments were assessed for bleaching (relative mean intensity of grey, chlorophyll a, and symbiont density), photochemistry (PAM fluorometry), and antioxidant biomarkers (SOD and CAT). Shading responses were species-specific, with T. reniformis more responsive to shading than D. axifuga. Thirty per cent shading delayed bleaching up to three-degree heat weeks (DHW), and 24 h shade was more protective than 4 h shade. Shading suppressed catalase activity in T. reniformis. Overall, our results suggest that intermittently shading corals for 4 h can moderate light stress and slow bleaching in some corals and could improve the efficiency of active solar radiation management in marine ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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34. Using multispectral drones to predict water quality in a subtropical estuary.

Author

Giles, Anna B., Correa, Rogger E., Santos, Isaac R., and Kelaher, Brendan

Subjects
WATER quality, DISSOLVED organic matter, WATER quality monitoring, SUSPENDED sediments, ESTUARIES, GREEN algae, WATER sampling
Abstract

Drones are revolutionising earth system observations, and are increasingly used for high resolution monitoring of water quality. The objective of this research was to test whether drone-based multispectral imagery could predict important water quality parameters in an ICOLL (intermittently closed and opened lake or lagoon). Three water quality sampling campaigns were undertaken, measuring temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), chlorophyll (CHL), turbidity, total suspended sediments (TSS), coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM), green algae, crytophyta, diatoms, bluegreen algae and total algal concentrations. DistilM statistical analyses were conducted to reveal the bands accounting for the most variation across all water quality data, then linear correlations between specific band/band ratios and individual water quality parameters were performed. DistilM analyses revealed the NIR band accounted for most variation in March, the Green band in April and the RE band in May, and showed that the most important contributors varied significantly among campaigns and variables. Significant linear correlations with R2 > 0.4 were obtained for eleven of the water quality parameters tested, with the strongest correlation obtained for CHL and the green band (R2 = 0.72). The relative importance of predictor bands and observed water quality parameters varied temporally. We conclude that drones with a multispectral sensor can produce useful 'snapshot' prediction maps for a range of water quality parameters, such as chlorophyll, bluegreen algae and dissolved oxygen. However, a single model was insufficient to reproduce the temporal variation of water parameters in dynamic estuarine systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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44. Quantifying and addressing the prevalence and bias of study designs in the environmental and social sciences

Author

Christie, Alec P., Abecasis, David, Adjeroud, Mehdi, Alonso, Juan C., Amano, Tatsuya, Anton, Alvaro, Baldigo, Barry P., Barrientos, Rafael, Bicknell, Jake E., Buhl, Deborah A., Cebrian, Just, Ceia, Ricardo S., Cibils-Martina, Luciana, Clarke, Sarah, Claudet, Joachim, Craig, Michael D., Davoult, Dominique, De Backer, Annelies, Donovan, Mary K., Eddy, Tyler D., França, Filipe M., Gardner, Jonathan P. A., Harris, Bradley P., Huusko, Ari, Jones, Ian L., Kelaher, Brendan P., Kotiaho, Janne S., López-Baucells, Adrià, Major, Heather L., Mäki-Petäys, Aki, Martín, Beatriz, Martín, Carlos A., Martin, Philip A., Mateos-Molina, Daniel, McConnaughey, Robert A., Meroni, Michele, Meyer, Christoph F. J., Mills, Kade, Montefalcone, Monica, Noreika, Norbertas, Palacín, Carlos, Pande, Anjali, Pitcher, C. Roland, Ponce, Carlos, Rinella, Matt, Rocha, Ricardo, Ruiz-Delgado, María C., Schmitter-Soto, Juan J., Shaffer, Jill A., Sharma, Shailesh, Sher, Anna A., Stagnol, Doriane, Stanley, Thomas R., Stokesbury, Kevin D. E., Torres, Aurora, Tully, Oliver, Vehanen, Teppo, Watts, Corinne, Zhao, Qingyuan, and Sutherland, William J.

Published
2020
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