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This study examines the mediating and moderating effects of psychological detachment (PD) based on the stressor-detachment model long term.Two waves of web-based surveys, 28 months apart, yielded 3,556 responses from Japanese workers. Comparisons between models that included mediating and moderating effects of PD, and reverse direction mediating effects (strain → PD → stressor) were made by structural equation modeling. Differences in depression as a strain between combinations of high and low stressors and PD were also examined.The best-fitting model was the moderation/reciprocal partial-mediation model. The effect of PD was significant in the group with stable or decreasing stressor.According to the worker's level of stressors, PD, and depression, targeted interventions may effectively prevent physical and mental health problems caused by chronic stress.

Highlights • The authors developed a humanized anti-glypican-1 (GPC1) monoclonal antibody (clone T2) and produced an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) linked to monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE). The ADC potently inhibited the growth of GPC1-positive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo, and exhibited bystander killing activity. Humanized GPC1-ADC(MMAE) was effective against BxPC-3-Luc#2 pancreatic cancer liver metastases in mice. Humanized GPC1-ADC(MMAE) may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for GPC1-positive tumors., An antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) is a promising therapeutic modality because selective and effective delivery of an anti-cancer drug is achieved by drug-conjugated antibody-targeting cancer antigen. Glypican 1 (GPC1) is highly expressed in malignant tumors, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Herein, we describe the usefulness of GPC1-targeting ADC. Humanized anti-GPC1 antibody (clone T2) was developed and conjugated with monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) via maleimidocaproyl-valine-citrulline-p-aminobenzyloxycarbonyl (mc-vc-PABC) linkers (humanized GPC1-ADC[MMAE]). Humanized GPC1-ADC(MMAE) inhibited the growth of GPC1-positive PDAC and ESCC cell lines via inducing cycle arrest in the G2/M phase and apoptosis in vitro. The binding activity of humanized GPC1-ADC(MMAE) with GPC1 was comparable with that of the unconjugated anti-GPC1 antibody. The humanized GPC1-ADC(MMAE) was effective in GPC1-positive BxPC-3 subcutaneously xenografted mice but not in GPC1-negative BxPC-3-GPC1-KO xenografted mice. To assess the bystander killing activity of the humanized GPC1-ADC(MMAE), a mixture of GPC1-positive BxPC-3 and GPC1-negative BxPC-3-GPC1-KO-Luc cells were subcutaneously inoculated, and a heterogenous GPC1-expressing tumor model was developed. The humanized GPC1-ADC(MMAE) inhibited the tumor growth and decreased the luciferase signal, measured with an in vivo imaging system (IVIS), which suggests that the suppression of the BxPC-3-GPC1-KO-Luc population. The humanized GPC1-ADC(MMAE) also inhibited the established liver metastases of BxPC-3 cells and significantly improved the overall survival of the mice. It exhibited a potent antitumor effect on the GPC1-positive PDAC and ESCC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Our preclinical data demonstrate that GPC1 is a promising therapeutic target for ADC.

The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 has led to several subsidiary health problems for the general public. Therefore, verification of psychosomatic responses under various conditions is required. The current study examines the mental and physical responses of individuals in Japan in relation to differences in basic demographic information. A web survey was conducted among 1500 people. The results showed that differences in ethnicity, concurrence of physical or mental illness, the nature of those living in the same household (eg, high-risk individuals or preschoolers), household income, and employment status were associated with differences in physical and mental health, psychological distress, and/or suicidal ideation. Differences related to the degree of the spread of the infection in the area of residence, degree of engagement in essential work, and frequency of contact with others during normal times were not found. Future longitudinal studies and verification of the effects of multiple variables are required.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak is expected to have harmed the mental health of numerous people worldwide. Therefore, the present study was aimed to explore the effects of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak on the overall health of the general Japanese population, with a particular focus on identifying the factors associated with a requirement for mental health treatment. Japanese residents aged 18 years and above were surveyed online, and among the 1,500 obtained responses included for analysis, 14% reported severe psychological distress, and 8.9% indicated high suicidal ideation. A multiple regression analysis of the collected data revealed that “insufficient exercise” could significantly predict physical health (β = -0.23, SE = 0.03), while the life event stressors that could significantly predict mental health were the personality trait “neuroticism” (β = -0.16, SE = 0.03), and the life stressors of “outbreak-related mental health problems” (β = -0.22, SE = 0.03) and “uncertainty regarding the future” (β = -0.12, SE = 0.03). The personality traits of “agreeableness” (β = -0.08, SE = 0.02) and “neuroticism” (β = 0.22, SE = 0.02), and the factors “social support” (β = -0.12, SE = 0.02), “outbreak-related mental health problems” (β = 0.21, SE = 0.02), “uncertainty regarding the future” (β = 0.14, SE = 0.02), and “declining duration and quality of sleep” (β = 0.10, SE = 0.02) could predict psychological distress. Suicidal ideation was predicted by “neuroticism” (β = 0.11, SE = 0.03), “social support” (β = -0.27, SE = 0.03), and “having a psychiatric disorder” (β = 0.18, SE = 0.03). The results of the present study suggest that due to the spread of SARS-CoV-2, much of the Japanese population could be in requirement of psychiatric care. In particular, the individuals who rated high for the risk factors and low for the protective factors might require proactive support.

This study investigated the physical and psychological impacts of elements related to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and demographic data in Japan both directly and as mediated by stressors, immediately following the rescinding of the state of emergency declaration accompanying the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 outbreak. An online survey was administered to 1,500 Japanese registered with an online outsourcing service. Data were analyzed with structural equation modeling using Mplus. Relatively large total effects were observed for “insufficient exercise” on physical health (β = –0.24, SE = 0.03), “mental health issues related to COVID-19” on mental health (β= –0.25, SE = 0.03) and psychological distress (β= 0.24, SE = 0.03), neuroticism on mental health (β= –0.30, SE = 0.02) and psychological distress (β= 0.36, SE = 0.02), and social support on suicidal ideation (β= –0.32, SE = 0.03). Thus, mitigating the harm resulting from the ongoing impact of the COVID-19 infection outbreak by raising awareness of risk factors and promoting social support is feasible.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreaks will likely threaten mental health globally. This study aimed to explore outbreaks’ effects on the general Japanese population’s overall health, focusing on identifying factors related to needing mental health treatment. Japanese residents aged 18 and older were surveyed online. Of the 1,500 responses included for analysis, 14% reported severe psychological distress and 8.9% rated high for suicidal ideation. A multiple regression analysis showed that “insufficient exercise” significantly predicted physical health (β = -0.23, SE = 0.03). The “neuroticism” personality trait (β = -0.16, SE = 0.03), the “outbreak-related mental health problems” (β = -0.22, SE = 0.03), and “uncertainty about the future” (β = -0.12, SE = 0.03) life event stressors significantly predicted mental health. The personality traits of “agreeableness” (β = -0.08, SE = 0.02), “neuroticism” (β = 0.22, SE = 0.02), “social support” (β = -0.12, SE = 0.02), “outbreak-related mental health problems” (β = 0.21, SE = 0.02), “uncertainty about the future” (β = 0.14, SE = 0.02) and “declining duration and quality of sleep” (β = 0.10, SE = 0.02) predicted psychological distress. “Neuroticism” (β = 0.11, SE = 0.03), “social support” (β = -0.27, SE = 0.03), and “having a psychiatric disorder” (β = 0.18, SE = 0.03) predicted suicidal ideation. Results suggested that due to the spread of SARS-CoV-2, much of the Japanese public could need psychiatric care. People rating high for these risk factors but low for the protective factors might specifically need proactive support.

Objectives: The purpose of the current study was to develop a psychological scale, the Five-item Self-Efficacy Scale for the support of those returning to work (RTW) after sick leave (F-SES) in light of the absence of mental health problems (MHPs).Methods: Twenty-two items about difficulties with RTW support were created and administered with a 5-point Likert scale: this was given to 302 Japanese employees who have work experience with demographics that are able to evaluate the validity of the scale.Results: Five items with appropriate internal consistency were extracted as the F-SES; this showed a positive correlation with self-evaluated support capability measured by a one-item scale, sex (male), full-time/self-employed, professional/technical occupations, current RTW support experience, and their own RTW experience, and a negative correlation with the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), and clerical/sales occupations. The interaction effect of RTW support and the GHQ-12 on F-SES were observed, suggesting that mental health might moderate RTW’s ability to promote self-efficacy, or that the experience of RTW support might moderate the effect of mental health to promote self-efficacy.Conclusions: Although these variables pose some challenges for continuous validity examination, F-SES appears to have appropriate reliability and validity and was therefore suggested to promote practice and research in support of RTW.

An online survey was administered to 1500 residents of Japan age 18 years or older. Responses collected from these subjects were used for analysis. The results revealed that physical and mental health, psychological distress, and suicidal ideation were associated with severe stress and difficulty. Specifically, reduced physical health was associated with “decreased work” and “worries about being infected with COVID-19 or developing a severe case,” reduced mental health with “unable to pay rent” and “unable to get tested,” increased psychological distress with “losing one’s job” and “eviction from one’s home,” and increased suicidal ideation with “being unable to get a mask” and “problems with neighbors.” Psychological distress was significantly lower in those who “read for pleasure” while suicidal ideation was significantly lower in those who “played with children.”