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National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics, Waseda University, Chiba University,National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics, 会議名: 言語資源活用ワークショップ2018, 開催地: 国立国語研究所, 会期: 2018年9月4日-5日, 主催: 国立国語研究所 コーパス開発センター, 本研究では日常生活の中に生じた，具体的な文脈の中に埋め込まれた会話を扱った「日本語日常会話コーパス（CEJC）」に対する談話行為アノテーションの試みについて報告を行う。現在試行中の枠組みについて紹介した上で，実際のアノテーション作業の中で見出された談話行為の判断が困難な事例を示し，その要因についてCEJCの特性を参照しながら議論する。

Atmospheric-controlled induction-heating fine particle peening (AIH-FPP) using Cr and Mo shot particles in a N 2 atmosphere was introduced to improve the electrochemical characteristics of AISI 316 austenitic stainless steel. The surface microstructure of the AIH-FPP-treated specimen was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX). AIH-FPP can be used to form transferred and diffused layers of shot particles on the surface of austenitic stainless steel. The thickness of the diffusion layers of Cr shot particles tended to increase with the heating time in the AIH-FPP process, whereas the Cr concentration at the surface tended to decrease. Electrochemical polarization tests were performed in 3 wt% NaCl + H 2 SO 4 and 20 wt% NaCl environments at 343 K using a three-electrode electrochemical cell connected to a computer driven potentiostat to examine the corrosion resistance of austenitic stainless steel treated with AIH-FPP. The pitting potential of the AIH-FPP-treated specimen was higher than that of the untreated specimen. In particular, there was clear improvement in the pitting potential of austenitic stainless steel by AIH-FPP with Cr shot particles following peening with Mo shot particles. AIH-FPP using Cr and Mo shot particles in a N 2 atmosphere is an effective method of improving the electrochemical characteristics of austenitic stainless steel.

This paper addresses an attempt to find out the characteristics of everyday conversation data through dialog act information. Although several earlier studies have discussed how to annotate DA information, few studies use the result of the annotation as a clue to derive the characteristics of conversation. We report on the work to annotate dialog act information on utterances in Japanese everyday conversation, and the possibility of extracting the interactional characteristics using the annotation. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the annotation reflects differences in behaviour depending on the type of conversation and participants' age. Also, even in conversations with similar settings, differences were found in the distribution of tags about interactional management. It is suggested that the annotation may also reflect information that is difficult to capture objectively such as the conversational atmosphere.

Warfarin dosage requirements show considerable inter-individual variability. There are some reports of warfarin dose regimens correlating with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) for CYP2C9, VKORC1 and other genes in adults. In children, however, reports are scarcer than in adults and the number of genes examined is more limited. We explored the effects of genetic variation on warfarin dose requirement in Japanese pediatric patients. A total of 45 patients who were prescribed warfarin at the Yokohama City University Hospital were included in this study. The influence of genetic polymorphisms on stable warfarin dosage requirement was investigated by genotyping SNPs of the VKORC1, CYP2C9, CYP4F2, and GGCX genes (rs9923231, rs1057910, rs2108622, and rs699664, respectively) in each patient. Patients with the TT genotype in rs9923231 in VKORC1 required significantly lower maintenance dosages than those with the TC genotype (p = 0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that, while VKORC1 status and patient height account for 78.2 % of the variability in maintenance warfarin dosage, genetic polymorphisms in VKORC1 account for 27 %, although polymorphisms in CYP4F2 and GGCX had no effect on dosage and the effect of CYP2C9 could not be evaluated. Polymorphisms in VKORC1 partially affected daily warfarin dosage requirements. VKORC1 genotype and height are the primary determinants influencing warfarin dosage in Japanese pediatric patients. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm our results.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) is one of the main pathogens causing community-acquired pneumonia, particularly in young individuals. Host immune response appears to play an important role in prolonged symptoms, as well as in the recent increasing prevalence of drug-resistant Mp isolated from patients. Case 1 had a prolonged clinical course caused by drug-resistant Mp and received steroid therapy despite Mp susceptibility to some antimicrobial agents. Serum cytokine profiles revealed elevation of interleukin-6/-10 and interferon-γ in acute phase. Case 2 had mycoplasmal myocarditis without any respiratory symptoms, which resolved spontaneously without the administration of any antimicrobial agent. These observations suggest that host immune response probably contributes to the etiology of Mp-associated complications.

We encountered two human metapneumovirus (HMPV)-infected children who developed respiratory distress due to bronchopneumonia during hospitalization. There was no evidence of abnormal findings in the gastrointestinal or genitourinary tracts or the nervous or mucocutaneous systems. Their respiratory conditions rapidly improved upon the initiation of steroid therapy. Increases and decreases in serum concentrations of various inflammatory cytokines, including interferon-γ, and interleukin-6/10, were evaluated before and after steroid administration. General practitioners should be aware of the possibility of high-inflammatory cytokinemia when examining and treating children with HMPV infection and respiratory distress due to bronchopneumonia.

Fever is one of the critical symptoms of patients in pediatrics field. It indicates inflammatory focus somewhere in the body, and the major causes of fever are infectious diseases. Recent progresses of our knowledge about autoinflammatory syndrome promoted the investigation of the mechanism of fever, and suggested that the pro-inflammatory cytokines are the direct causative agents of fever. The basic science revealed that cooperation of IL-6 and IL-1β induces febrile response. Fever of unknown origin (FUO) remains a challenging problem. Rheumatic diseases, rare infectious diseases, and benign tumors and malignancies are diagnoses to be differentiated. FDG-PET is recently proved a valuable tool for the identification of the etiology in patients with FUO. Since the introduction of biological response modifiers into the treatment of patients with pediatric rheumatic diseases has shifted the therapeutic paradigm, a new concept that the blockade of a unique pro-inflammatory cytokine brings cessation of whole inflammatory responses affected tremendously the clinical medicine. A more investigation of inflammation and its pathophisiology will be needed in pediatric rheumatology.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a hyperinflammatory syndrome and has a varied genetic background. The polymorphism of interferon regulatory factor 5 gene (IRF5) was reported to be associated with susceptibility to macrophage activation syndrome. IRF5 acts as a master transcription factor in the activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. We assessed associations of IRF5 gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to secondary HLH.Three IRF5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs729302, rs2004640, and rs2280714) were genotyped using TaqMan assays in 82 secondary HLH patients and 188 control subjects.There was a significant association of the GT/TT genotype at rs2004640 with secondary HLH susceptibility (p 0.01). The IRF5 haplotype (rs729302 A, rs2004640 T, and rs2280714 T) was associated with secondary HLH susceptibility (p 0.01).These findings indicate that IRF5 is a genetic factor influencing the susceptibility to secondary HLH and that the IRF5-associated immune response contributes to the pathogenesis of HLH.

This paper describes the effect of four counter anions (CH3COO−, Cl−, NO3−, ClO4−) of the trioctylmethylammonium (TOMA) cation on the rate of solvent extraction of thiourea and its transport across poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)-based polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs). The membranes also contained 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether (NPOE) as the plasticizer while chloroform was used as diluent in the solvent extraction studies. It is demonstrated that the counter anion affects substantially the rate of membrane transport and the degree of extraction follows the order: CH3COO− > Cl− > NO3− ≫ ClO4−. The transport rate is negligible for the perchlorate anion. This order is consistent with thiourea interacting with the counter anion through hydrogen bonding to form a heteroconjugate anion. A mathematical model of the membrane transport of thiourea assuming ideal mixing in the feed and receiver solutions and Fickian diffusion of the heteroconjugate anion has been developed and fitted to the experimental transport data. This has allowed the determination of the diffusion coefficient of the heteroconjugate anion (5.28 × 10−11 m2 s−1) and the thiourea membrane extraction constants (CH3COO−: 3.41; Cl−: 2.61 × 10−1; NO3−: 2.26 × 10−2 m3 mol−1) which follow the same order as the solvent extraction constants (CH3COO−: 2.42; Cl−: 6.63 × 10−1; NO3−: 4.26 × 10−1; ClO4−: 8.31 × 10−2 m3 mol−1). The exceedingly low ability of PIMs containing TOMA-ClO4 to extract and transport thiourea suggests that these membranes can potentially overcome the difficulties in the PIM separation of gold(III) which are associated with the counter transport of thiourea.

Fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS), which induces hypercytokinemia, is important for the outcomes of premature infants. It is necessary to focus on the fetal inflammatory environments.A total of 37 premature infants (gestational age ≤32 weeks) were divided into three groups: (1) 15 without chorioamnionitis (CAM) and funisitis; C(-)F(-) group, (2) 15 with CAM but without funisitis; C(+)F(-) group and (3) 7 with CAM and funisitis; C(+)F(+) group. Blood interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 levels were measured on day 0 (= in umbilical cord blood), 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28.(1) day 0: Cord blood concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly higher in the C(+)F(+) group than in the C(+)F(-) group and C(-)F(-) group. On the other hand, they were comparable between the C(+)F(-) group and C(-)F(-) group. (2) Days 3-28: elevated cytokines levels in the C(+)F(+) group with funisitis decreased on day 3 and later.We suggested that hypercytokinemia in the cord blood in premature infants were greatly related with funisitis. Diagnosis of funisitis would be important to find the premature infants who need to be managed their risk of FIRS. In addition, hypercytokinemia disappeared in a few days after birth; therefore, cord blood data analysis of cytokines and/or inflammation-related proteins concentrations is necessary to evaluate the fetal inflammatory environments in premature infants after birth.