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Background Suicide is the act of intentionally causing one's own death. HIV/AIDS continues to be associated with an under-recognized risk for suicidal behavior. Suicidal behavior among people living with HIV/AIDS is not only a predictor of future attempted suicide and completed suicide, but it is also associated with poor quality of life and poor adherence with antiretroviral therapy. Objective The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempt and associated factors among people living with HIV/AIDS in selected public hospitals of Amhara region, central Ethiopia. Methods Institutional based cross-sectional study design was employed. The study was conducted in four public hospitals in North Shewa Zone from May to December 2017. Study population comprised all HIV-infected individuals from Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) clinic. A total of 348 study subjects were recruited using systematic random sampling and 326 completed the interview. Suicidality module from Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was modified to assess suicidal behavior. Crude and adjusted OR was analyzed using logistic regression and the level of significance of association was determined at P value Result A total of 326 (93.7%) study subjects were interviewed. The magnitude of suicidal ideation and attempt was found to be 16% and 7.1%, respectively. Low monthly income, living alone, suicidal thought before knowing seropositive status, family history of suicide, experiencing mild and moderate-to-severe depression and anxiety symptoms, being gossiped sometimes in the last 12 months of the study period due to HIV status and ever use of khat (a psychoactive substance) was statistically significant associated factor with suicidal ideation. And low monthly income, experiencing mild and moderate-to-severe depression and anxiety symptoms, being gossiped sometimes and often in the previous 12 months of the study period due to HIV status and using alcohol currently were significantly associated factors with suicidal attempt. Conclusion Suicidal ideation and attempt among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in this study were higher than prevalence in the general population. This shows suicidal ideation and attempt is a mental health concern of PLWHA and it needs great attention in Ethiopia.

Shiferaw Abeway Mamuye,1 Kihinetu Gelaye Wudineh,2 Almaz Nibret Belay,2 Kefyalew Dagne Gizachew3,4 1Department of Pediatric and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia; 2Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; 3Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia; 4Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Shiferaw Abeway MamuyeDepartment of Pediatric and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, EthiopiaTel +251-93-161-4769Email shifeby@gmail.comBackground: Emergency contraception is used after intercourse and before potential implantation, offering women a last chance to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sexual intercourse.Objective: This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding emergency contraception among female students at Dangila Hidase high school in northwest Ethiopia.Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among female students at Dangila Hidase high school from from May 1 to 30, 2019. Systematic random sampling was used to select study participants. There were 1,219 students in Dangila Hidase high school. Of these, 625 of them were female students. There were 346 female students in grade 9 and 279 students from grade 10. Samples were allocated proportionally to each grade. A pretested self-administered structured questionnaire was used. Data were entered into Epi Info 3.5 and exported to SPSS 24 for analysis.Results: A total of 262 female students aged 16– 19 years were approached, and the response rate was 100%. Among respondents who had heard about emergency contraceptive, pills were the most commonly known method 98, 51.4%) followed by intrauterine contraceptive devices 42, 22.1%). A total of 75 (58.6%) participants had knowledge of the recommended number of pills to be taken. Of the 190 (72.5%) respondents who knew about emergency contraception, 147, 77.4%) had favorable attitudes toward its use. Of those who had had sexual intercourse 70, 26.7%), only 20 (28.6%) had used emergency contraception.Conclusion: Even though there is information available about emergency contraception, there is a gap with regard to the correct time of use. The positive attitudes of the respondents could be an indication of a fertile environment for possible interventions and reduction in maternal morbidity and mortality resulting from unwanted pregnancies and related complications.Keywords: emergency contraceptive, unwanted pregnancy, Dangila, KAP

Background Erectile dysfunction is currently one of the most common sexual dysfunctions worldwide affecting the quality of life of men of all ages, but it is usually underestimated because it is not a life threatening condition. Purpose This study aims to determine the prevalence of erectile dysfunction and the possible correlates among diabetic men in Dessie Referral Hospital, North Central Ethiopia. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among diabetic men aged greater than 18 years, at Dessie Referral Hospital. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select study participants. A pre-tested and structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data were entered in Epi Info version 7 and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Logistic regression was applied to identify association between explanatory variables and the outcome variable. An adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval and p-value less than 0.05 was computed to determine the level of significance. Results Overall, the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) in this study was 58.5% at 95% CI (0.548-0.622), and specifically 10.5%, 40.9%, 6.8% respondents had mild, moderate and severe erectile dysfunction, respectively. Age, duration of diabetes diagnosis, types of medication, types of complication and body mass index were significant unadjusted factors associated with erectile dysfunction, but following adjustment only age [AOR=5.5 (95% CI 2.06-14.744), duration of diabetes [AOR=20,(95% CI 5.663-75.0096) and types of medication [AOR=2.106 (95% CI 1.112-3.988) have independently statistically significant association with erectile dysfunction. Conclusion This study showed that ED is high. Age, duration of diabetes mellitus and type of medication are independently associated with erectile dysfunction. Health policymakers need to consider including the training of health personnel to consider the relevant risk factors during the physical, social and psychological assessment of patients, and clinicians should pay attention to the sexual history of their client.

BACKGROUND፡ The prevalence of diabetes and its associated complications rising in Ethiopia ranged from 2.0%–6.5%, the primary cause of morbidity and mortality with consequential economic impact. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of dyslipidemia among diabetes follow-up patients.METHODS: Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Debre Berhan Referral Hospital from January to March 2020 in 347 Adult type 2 diabetes follow-up patients using a convenient sampling technique. Data were collected by interviews and entered using Epi-data 4.2 and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Factors having a p-value < 0.25 in the bivariable logistic regression model were entered into a multivariable logistic regression model. Statistical Significance was declared at a p-value ≤ of 0.05.RESULTS: The prevalence of dyslipidemia among type 2 diabetes patients in this study was 59 %. Significantly associated variables were being female [AOR 2.6 (95% CI 1.2-3.2), P = 0.011], smoking history [AOR 4.1 (95% CI 2-6.8), P = 0.001], Being overweight [AOR 3.5 (95% CI 1.6-7.8), P = 0.002], Being obese [AOR 4.8 (95% CI 1.7-13), P = 0.002].Conclusion: Prevalence of dyslipidemia was high among diabetic patients, which accounts for 59%. Being female, smoking history, being overweight, and being obese were determinants of dyslipidemia. Patients with poor glycemic control need additional lipid-lowering therapies to prevent secondary Atheroscleroticvascular complications.

Background. Globally, millions of people are affected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Acquired immunodeficiency was linked with psychosocial problems, whereby stigma and discrimination are the most common. Therefore, this study was aimed at assessing the level of the social support problem in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) and factors associated with it at selected hospitals of North Shewa Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Method. An institution-based cross-sectional study design was employed. A total of 422 PLHIV were involved in the study. A multidimensional perceived social support scale (MPSSS) for the measurement of social support problems was implemented. Systematic random sampling was used to recruit the study population after selecting study areas by lottery methods. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed via SPSS software. The statistical association was declared at a p value of less than 0.05 in the final model. Result. The prevalence of poor social support among study participants was 12.6%. Poor adherence to their antiretrovirus drugs was highly associated with poor social support (AOR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.36, 3.13). Moreover, psychological distress (AOR = 4.67, 95% CI: 2.02, 10.81) and perceived stigma (AOR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.18, 2.70) were positively associated. Conclusion. The burden of poor social support is increasingly affecting the lives of PLHIV. Poor social support in PLHIV is more magnified by poor adherence, having psychological distress, and perceived stigma.

Background Postpartum depression explains various groups of depressive symptoms and syndromes that can take place during the first 6 weeks following birth. The postpartum period is a critical time where both mild and severe mood disorders can occur. The familiar forms are baby blues and postpartum depression. Understanding the prevalence and associated factors of postpartum depression is mandatory for early detection and treatment. Methods Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1st May to June 30, 2018. The study participants were eligible women who came to Debre Berhan referral hospital and health centers for postnatal care and vaccination service. The Edinburgh postnatal depression scale was used to assess postpartum depression. A systematic random sampling technique was used to collect the data after determining the skip fraction (k = 2). The collected data were coded and entered into Epi-info version 7 and transported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Both bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regression were done to identify associated factors. During bivariate analysis, variables with p-value Results A total of 308 mothers who attended postpartum care we're included, which was a 100% response rate. The prevalence of postpartum depression was found to be 15.6% (95%CI = 11.7, 19.8). Being widowed/widower, having poor social support, having a current hospitalized child, and experienced a death of family member or close relative were significantly associated with postpartum depression. Conclusions The prevalence of postpartum depression was lower than most studies done in different areas. Major life events and traumas are associated with an increased risk of postpartum depression. Health professionals should be aware of the mother’s circumstances during the puerperium, they should initiate support to reduce the risk of depression in the postpartum period. Health care professionals working postpartum care clinics should give special attention to mothers who are widowed/widower, have poor social support, have a current hospitalized children, and experienced a death of family member or close relative.

Background: Postpartum depression explains various groups of depressive symptoms and syndromes that take place during the first 6 weeks following birth. The postpartum period is a critical time where both mild and severe mood disorders occur. The familiar forms are baby blues and postpartum depression. Determination of the prevalence and associated factors of postpartum depression is mandatory for early detection and treatment. Methods: Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June 2018 by using systematic random sampling technique. The data was collected from each health centers and referral hospital. The study participants were eligible women who came to Debre Berhan referral hospital and health centers for postnatal care and vaccination service. The Edinburg postnatal depression scale was used to assess postpartum depression. The collected data were coded and entered into Epi-info version 7 and transported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Both Bivariate and Multivariate Binary Logistic Regression were done to identify associated factors. During bivariate analysis, variables with p-value < 0.05 were included in multivariate analysis. Odds Ratios and their 95% Confidence Intervals were computed and variables with p-value less than 0.05 were considered significantly associated factors (multivariate analysis). Results: A total of 308 mothers who attend postnatal care included with a response rate of 100%. The prevalence of postnatal depression was found to be 15.6 %( 95%CI=11.7, 19.8). Being widowed/widower (AOR=4.17 (95% CI=1.14, 15.20)), having poor social support (AOR=5.11(95% CI= 1.00, 26.18), having hospitalized child (AOR=3.32(95%CI= 1.39, 7.93), and having died close family or relative (AOR=2.92(95%CI=1.01, 8.50)) were significantly associated factor with postpartum depression. Conclusions: Though significant proportions of mothers are depressed, the prevalence of postpartum depression was lower than most studies in different areas. It will be better if health care professionals give special attention to maternal mental health issues and consult mothers to mitigate the problem. It will be better if Health care professionals working in maternal and child health clinics to give special attention to mothers who are widowed/widower, having poor social support, having hospitalized child, having died close family or relative. Therefore, the authors failed to accept both null hypotheses.

Background National Institute of alcohol and alcoholism define Problem/risky use of alcohol as drinking in a way that can negatively impact our health and life, but the body is not physically dependent on the substance. Risky alcohol use behavior is harmful to both the fetus and the mother such as maternal alcohol intoxication and alcohol use disorder, abortion, stillbirth, low birth weight, and prematurity. This study is aimed to assess the prevalence of risky alcohol use for both the mother and the fetus during pregnancy among mothers who have used alcohol at least once in the current pregnancy. Methods Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among a total of 380 mothers who have used alcohol at least once during the current pregnancy. The participants were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Both Bivariable and Multivariable Binary Logistic Regression models were done to identify associated factors. Odds Ratios with their 95% Confidence Interval was computed and variables with a p-value

Depression is one of the most common mental health disorders among people with HIV/AIDS. It causes more disability and greater decrements in health than most other chronic illnesses. Data was collected from April to May, 2013 after obtaining verbal consent from the respondents. Data entry was performed by using SPPSS version 20 and analysis was done using logistic regression and odd ratio. A total of 416 respondents were interviewed and of the 221(53.1%) were female, 385 (92.5%) were orthodox in religion, 184(44.2%) were married and 380(91.3%) were Amhara in ethnicity. 157(37.7%) were completed primary education and 106 (25.5%) were jobless. Monthly income of the respondents was between 401-700 birr for 108(26%). Among 416 participants 38.94% were depressed. Depression was associated with being Female(AOR=2.071(1.077,3.985),30-39years(A OR=2.761(1.165,6.540)), 449years(AOR=3.847(1.489,9.942), 60-69 years (AOR=19.645 (4.020, 95.991), income < 200birr’s (AOR=3.917(1.559, 9.845),201-400 birr’s (AOR=2.796(1.139, 6.865)), 401-700birr’s (AOR=2.590(1.058, 6.340), Stage III HIV/AIDS (AOR=2.317(1.108, 4.848)), Stage IV HIV/AIDS (AOR=8.769(1.928, 39.872), Hospitalized in the past one month was (AOR=15.262(1.463, 159.219) and felt stigmatized were (AOR=3.597(1.861, 6.954). This study summarizes that there is high prevalence of depression on people living with HIV/AIDS. Among them sex, age, low income, HIV/AIDS stages, hospitalized in the past one month, and perceived stigma were significantly associated. Screening programs should focus on being females, low incomes, HIV Stage III and IV, those hospitalized the last one month, and perceived stigma. We recommend health care providers to address depressive disorders for people with HIV/ AIDS comprehensively

BACKGROUND: Sharps injury is a penetrating stab wound from a needle, scalpel, or another sharp object that may result in exposure to blood or other body fluids. According to World Health Organization pooled estimate, the annual incidence of sharps injury in Africa was ranged from 2.10 to 4.68 per person per year, but research data in Ethiopia is limited. The aim of the study was to investigate sharps injury prevalence and associated risk factors.METHODS: Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted with 200 healthcare providers (HCP) in Northeast Ethiopia. Proportionate stratified sampling was used to select HCP. Sharps injury during the last 12 months was an outcome variable whereas demographic characteristics, behavioral attributes, and job environment characteristics were independent variables. Data was collected from April to May 2016 using self-administered questionnaire; which was adapted from World Health Organization best practices for injections and related procedures toolkit. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify sharps injury associated risk factors. Epi Info version 3.5.1 software package was used for data coding and entry whereas Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 software package was used for analysis.RESULTS: In total, 195 HCP participated with a response rate of 97.5%. The prevalence of sharps injury was 32.8%. Following adjustment for covariates, lack of in-service job training and previous exposure to sharps injury were statistically significant risk factors for sharps injury. HCP who had no in-service job training were 4.7 times more likely sustained sharps injury compared with those who had in-service job training (p CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed 32.8% or at least three out of ten HCP exposed to sharps injury. This was found statistically significant among HCP who had no in-service job training and who had previous exposure to sharps injury. Thus, training HCP perhaps increase their skill and curiosity to reduce exposure to sharps injury.