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A total of 520 monkeys belonging to 6 species (Macaca mullata, M. fascicularis, M. nemestrina, Cercopithecus aethiops, Papio anubis, and P. hamadrias) were investigated. Total frequency of occurrence of the protozoan Cryptosporidium in the Adler apery constituted 13.8%. The majority of parasites were found in animals with intestinal disorders such as diarrhea. The lowest frequency of cryptosporidias occurrence was revealed in clinically healthy monkeys. Among sick monkeys, the invasion was most common in infants under one year of age. Cryptosporidiosis is rarely found just as it is, and, as a rule, it accompanied by other parasitogenic and bacterial infections.

The nucleotide sequence of the fragment of 16S-aRNA of mycoplasma was determined. The fragment was identified using the PCR method in the urogenital scrape of the Javanese macaque (M. fascicularis). The sequenced fragment of mycoplasma of M. fascicularis was compared to well-known sequences of mycoplasma of mammals. The results of our comparative and phylogenetic analyses of the sequenced DNA fragment revealed that the mycoplasma belonged to the M. primatum species and fell within the same cluster as M. hominis. The mycoplasma M. primatum was for the first time observed in the monkeys M. fascicularis. The pathogenicity of the mycoplasma species with respect to monkeys is being studied.

Rates of natural infection of macaques with microorganisms that cause urogenital tract infections (UGT)--chlamydias, mycoplasms, ureaplasms and trichomonades--have been assessed. 198 macaques (rhesus, javan and lapunder) aged from newborn to 25 years (born healthy or from females with complicated pregnancy or labour) were examined. High rate of infection (40%) was observed in healthy macaques by PCR assay. In animals born from females with complicated pregnancy or labour (abortion, complicated labour, stillbirth or inflammatory postdelivery complications) rate of pathogens detection was significantly higher (up to 54,5 - 64,5%). In such animals mixed infection with 2 - 4 microorganisms in association was commonly observed. Births of weak, low weight and vitality monkey's calves was observed in infected macaques aged 17 - 25 years. Pathogens' nucleotide sequences that were analogous to ones detected in mothers were detected in calves that died during 1st month of life. This finding can be the evidence of the intrauterine infection of calves.

The subjects of the study were 1,249 primates of different species, kept in a nursery in the city of Adler. The subjects varied in age, were either clinically healthy, diseased, or dead (the death had been caused by an acute intestinal disease). Biological, molecular-genetic (PCR), and immunological (coagglutination reaction) methods were used in diagnostics of campilobacter infections. The study found campilobacter in 20.9% of healthy animals on the average; this number varied depending on the species and age. The frequency of campilobacter infection in diseased and dead animals was higher than that in healthy ones (40.1% and 20.9%, respectively.) Two types of Campilobacter were identified: C. jejuni (73.4% of cases), and C. coli (14.2%). Clinical and pathomorphological manifestations of campilobacteriosis in primates and humans are similar. The portion of campilobacteriosis in acute intestinal diseases of primates is 40.1%.

Carriership of agents of sexually transmitted diseases (Trichomonas, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma) is highly prevalent in healthy monkeys living in the Adler Breeding Center. The incidence of these microorganisms is appreciably higher in animals with gestoses and labor abnormalities in comparison with animals with normal genital function. Mixed infection caused by 2-4 agents is much more incident than monoinfection.

Experiments on 75 monkeys, 20--healthy and 75--with diarrhea, showed that ready medicinal forms of the complex immunoglobulin preparation in tablets, capsules or in a dried form (vials) were safe, well tolerated, clinically and bacteriologically effective. When used simultaneously with antiparasitic treatment, this preparation, irrespective of the kind of its ready medicinal form, showed high curative effect (80-90%). The diarrhea ceasing was accompanied by the gradual normalization of intestinal microbiocenosis (an increased concentrations of Escherichia coli and Bifidobacterium, a decreased amount of opportunistic bacteria). The complex method of the treatment of diarrhea in monkeys (antibiotics, trichopol, phage and probiotics) made it possible to achieve curative effect only in 60% of cases, which required the additional course of treatment, namely the use of rehydration therapy.