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Abstract Background Male partner involvement in antenatal care is a key factor that cannot be ignored in the quest for improvement in maternal health and is recommended as an essential intervention to improve maternal and neonatal health outcomes. However, little attention has been given to male partners’ involvement in maternity care, particularly in developing countries. Objective This study aimed to assess male partners’ involvement in antenatal care and its associated factors among male partners whose wives gave birth within the last one-year in Bichena town, Westcentral, Ethiopia, 2019. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from October 1/2018 to June 15/2019, in Bichena town, among 406 male partners. The data was collected by a simple random sampling technique and analyzed using the Statistical Package of the Social Science 23.0 version. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed to estimate the crude and adjusted odds ratio with a confidence interval of 95% and a P-value of

BackgroundThis study provides an overview of the clinical applications of drugs and their metabolites analysis in biological fluids and identifies commonly used analytical techniques for bioanalysis.MethodsOriginal open-access articles published between 31 October 2005 and 31 October 2020 in Google Scholar, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Embase were reviewed, and pertinent findings of the individual studies were pooled and presented using tables. This review was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA).ResultsFifteen studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. These studies show that qualitative identification and quantitative determination of drugs and their metabolites in biological fluids are important for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies, drug abuse control, and forensic and toxicological analyses. Spectroscopic, electrochemical, and hyphenated and nonhyphenated chromatographic techniques are used to analyse drugs and their metabolites in biological fluids. However, hyphenated techniques are the preferred analytical methods because of their sensitivity, selectivity, accuracy, reproducibility, efficiency, and rapid analysis.Conclusion/RecommendationsBioanalysis is important for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies, therapeutic drug monitoring, forensic and toxicological analyses, and drug abuse control using different bioanalytical techniques. However, hyphenated techniques are the most commonly used bioanalytical techniques. Bioanalysis of drugs and their metabolites needs to be improved to provide good medical and pharmaceutical care to patients, to confirm forensic and toxicological cases, and to control drug abuse.