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La necesidad de un nexo entre seguridad y desarrollo tanto en términos políticos como programáticos es, a día de hoy, imperativa. El acalorado debate de los años 90 sobre la relación entre seguridad y desarrollo ha extendido la opinión de que no puede haber seguridad sin desarrollo ni desarrollo sin seguridad. Es evidente que si los Estados colaboran en la creación de las condiciones para escapar de la espiral descendente en la que inseguridad, criminalizacióny subdesarrollo, se refuerzan mutuamente, las dimensiones socioeconómicas y de seguridad tendrán que ser abordadas simultáneamente. En este contexto bilateral y multilateral, actores gubernamentales y no gubernamentales han comenzado a considerar el reto de la inseguridad como una barrera para el desarrollo político, económico y social.

non-peer-reviewed

non-peer-reviewed, Introduction: Youth mental health (YMH) and addiction issues are a core component of the problems facing those living in urban areas of social deprivation in Ireland, in particular South Inner City Dublin and Limerick City 1,2. These local contexts, with histories of drug addiction, violence, family dissolution, suicide and gang-related criminality lend themselves to promote further criminal and addictive behaviour, as well as increased stress and decreased protective factors such as social support and education. Early intervention is considered a ‘best buy’ in mental health, but the current Irish system struggles to engage with young people and offer them appropriate treatment.

non-peer-reviewed, Aims: Early intervention in youth mental health is increasingly viewed as easier, cheaper and more effective than traditional approaches to care. GPs, as the healthcare professional most often consulted by young people, have a central role in early detection of youth mental health and addiction disorders. However, international data suggests many young people have concerns bringing these issues to their GP, and GPs themselves experience difficulty identifying and treating mental health issues. The aim of this study is to gain an understanding of the experience of youth mental health and addiction treatment in two deprived urban areas to inform future early intervention practice development. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were recorded with 37 healthcare professionals. Inductive thematic analysis was carried out using QSR NVivo 9. Results: ‘Context’ suggests youth mental health issues are considerably influenced by wider societal context and local factors (e.g. family). Intervention suggests many barriers and enablers to helping young people, be that at the identification, treatment, or engagement stages of intervention. Conclusions: Many factors influence how a young person develops, seeks help for, and engages with treatment for mental and substance use disorders. This knowledge is useful in developing interventions in primary care that are specific to deprived urban areas.

peer-reviewed, Background: Mental disorders account for six of the 20 leading causes of disability worldwide with a very high prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in youth aged 15–24 years. However, healthcare professionals are faced with many challenges in the identification and treatment of mental and substance use disorders in young people (e.g. young people’s unwillingness to seek help from healthcare professionals, lack of training, limited resources etc.) The challenge of youth mental health for primary care is especially evident in urban deprived areas, where rates of and risk factors for mental health problems are especially common. There is an emerging consensus that primary care is well placed to address mental and substance use disorders in young people especially in deprived urban areas. This study aims to describe healthcare professionals’ experience and attitudes towards screening and early intervention for mental and substance use disorders among young people (16–25 years) in primary care in deprived urban settings in Ireland. Methods: The chosen method for this qualitative study was inductive thematic analysis which involved semistructured interviews with 37 healthcare professionals from primary care, secondary care and community agencies at two deprived urban centres. Results: We identified three themes in respect of interventions to increase screening and treatment: (1) Identification is optimised by a range of strategies, including raising awareness, training, more systematic and formalised assessment, and youth-friendly practices (e.g. communication skills, ensuring confidentiality); (2) Treatment is enhanced by closer inter-agency collaboration and training for all healthcare professionals working in primary care; (3) Ongoing engagement is enhanced by motivational work with young people, setting achievable treatment goals, supporting transition between child and adult mental health services and recognising primary care’s longitudinal nature as a key asset in pr

peer-reviewed, Background Alcohol use is an important issue among problem drug users. Although screening and brief intervention are effective in reducing problem alcohol use in primary care, no research has examined this issue among problem drug users. Objectives To determine if a complex intervention, incorporating screening and brief intervention for problem alcohol use among problem drug users, is feasible and acceptable in practice and effective in reducing the proportion of patients with problem alcohol use. Methods PINTA is a pilot feasibility study of a complex intervention comprising screening and brief intervention for problem alcohol use among problem drug users with cluster randomisation at the level of general practice, integrated qualitative process evaluation, and involving general practices in two socioeconomically deprived regions. Participants: Practices (N=16) will be eligible to participate if they are registered to prescribe methadone and/or at least 10 patients of the practice are currently receiving addiction-treatment. Patient inclusion criteria are: aged 18 or over and receiving addiction treatment / care (e.g. methadone) or known to be a problem drug user. Interventions: A complex intervention, supporting screening and brief intervention for problem alcohol use among problem drug users (experimental group) compared to an ‘assessment only’ control group. A delayed intervention being available to ‘control’ practices after follow up. Page 3 Outcome: Primary outcomes are feasibility and acceptability of the intervention to patients and professionals. Secondary outcome is the effectiveness of the intervention on care process (documented rates of screening and brief intervention) and outcome (proportion of patients with problem alcohol use at the follow up). Randomisation: Stratified random sampling of general practices based on level of training in providing addiction-related care and geographical area. Blinding: Single-blinded; GPs and practice staff, research