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C30H48O4, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 12.34133(14) Å, b = 16.50759(15) Å, c = 26.8804(2) Å, V = 5476.23(9) Å3, Z = 8, R gt(F) = 0.0422, wR ref(F 2) = 0.0990, T = 293 K.

Antiviral therapy can alleviate liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B, but it has a limited effect on advanced liver fibrosis/cirrhosis. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), particularly FuZheng HuaYu (FZHY) tablet, appears to have an antifibrotic effect, but its improving resolution of hepatitis b virus (HBV) -associated advanced fibrosis and experienced anti-viral treatment has not been investigated.To observe the safety and efficacy of adjunctive FZHY on the HBV-associated cirrhosis patients who received 2 years of entecavir but still with advanced fibrosis.An open-label, multicentre, single arm trial. 251 patients were included and treated with TCM consisted of FZHY tablets 1.6 g and granules, three times a day in addition to entecavir 0.5 mg daily for an additional 48 weeks. Primary outcome was regression of fibrosis (the proportion of patients with a 1-point decrease in the Ishak liver fibrosis score from baseline to week 48).Fibrosis regression occurred in 94 of 184 patients with paired liver biopsy (51.09%, 95% CI: 43.9～58.0). In 132 compensated cirrhosis patients (Ishak score ≥5), 56.06% (74/132, 95% CI: 47.5～64.2) showed fibrosis regression and reached the goal of 54% (15% more than entecavir mono-therapy). 10 patients occurred adverse reaction, most of them were mild, and all recovered or achieved remission.The combination therapy of FZHY, TCM granules and ETV could regress the liver fibrosis in the patients with HBV cirrhosis, who experienced 2 years of ETV treatment, and it is safe and well tolerated.

The clinical efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade has been recently demonstrated in a variety of cancer types. The aim of the present study was to characterize the expression profile of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSCC). A total of 63 patients with HNSCC were enrolled in the present study. CD3+ and CD4+ TILs and the expression of PD-L1 were detected by immunohistochemistry. PD-L1 mRNA levels were evaluated by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis. The association of TILs and PD-L1 with patient clinicopathological characteristics was also assessed. CD3+ and CD4+ TILs were detected in 100% of the samples. CD3+ was the predominant subset of TILs. PD-L1 was expressed in 53 of 61 (86%) patients when a score of ≥1 on tumor cells was considered positive and in 28 patients (45.2%) when a score of >5 on tumor cells was considered positive. PD-L1 mRNA levels were determined to be significantly correlated with PD-L1 protein expression. Survival analysis demonstrated that high CD4+ TILs were associated with improved overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS), and furthermore, the association of high PD-L1 expression with unfavorable OS and DFS was statistically significant. Multivariate analysis identified CD4+ TILs and PD-L1 as prognostic markers for HNSCC. The results of the present study suggested that increased CD4+ TILs in HNSCC may be associated with improved outcomes, while high expression of PD-L1 may indicate unfavorable OS and DFS; thus, these factors may serve as predictors of the response to immune checkpoint therapy.

C31H48O5, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 11.0421(3) Å, b = 6.49710(16) Å, c = 20.4687(4) Å, β = 97.922(2)°, V = 1454.45(6) Å3, Z = 2, R gt(F) = 0.0382, wR ref(F 2) = 0.1024, T = 293(2) K.

This paper aims to analyze how intestinal flora regulates liver fibrosis pathogenesis and to evaluate the regulatory effect of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on the intestinal flora, providing new insights into liver fibrosis treatment. Destruction of the intestinal microbiome can lead to liver fibrosis development, accelerating the intestinal microbiome's disruption. TCM can effectively regulate the intestinal flora, helping prevent and treat liver fibrosis. This review discusses the mechanisms behind intestinal flora changes in liver fibrosis and how TCM can regulate these changes. We searched PubMed, the Wanfang database, and CNKI for "liver fibrosis", "intestinal microflora", and "intestinal microbiota" and reviewed the retrieved literature. We detail the prevention and treatment options for liver fibrosis though the use of TCM in regulating intestinal flora. We also highlight the influence of the intestinal flora on liver fibrosis and present the research regarding the prevention and treatment of liver fibrosis using TCM. We also describe the effects of TCM on the intestinal flora. TCM can effectively regulate the intestinal flora to prevent and treat liver fibrosis through the liver-intestine axis.

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is characterized by organ failure mediated by acute decompensation of cirrhosis. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of the gut-liver axis (GLS) and its association with ACLF pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms related to the alteration of the GLA and their involvement in ACLF pathogenesis and suggest some possible therapeutic options that could modulate the GLA dysfunction. This knowledge may provide information useful for the design of therapeutic strategies for gut dysbiosis and its complications in ACLF.

Accumulating studies assessing the impacts of hot spot mutations on conventional interferon (IFN) efficacy come to discrepant conclusions; studies regarding the mutations in S and RT regions are also unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate the impacts of HBV mutations on the efficacy of conventional IFN.A total of 126 patients who received conventional IFN treatment for 48 weeks were enrolled. Biochemical and serological parameters were routinely tested. The sequences of HBV from 78 serum samples were amplified by nested-PCR; mutations were identified with sequence scanner V1.0 after ABI 3730xl direct sequencing, HBV genotypes were determined according to RT gene sequences utilizing NCBI Genotyping Tool which was based on phylogenetic analysis.The baseline DNA levels of virological response (VR) group were significantly lower than those of no VR group [7.13+/-0.76 vs 7.69+/-0.56 lg (copies/mL), P=0.001]. The baseline ALT levels were significantly higher in the HBeAg clearance group (204.72+/-88.65 vs 162.80+/-85.81 IU/L, P0.05) and HBeAg seroconversion group (204.89+/-95.68 vs 166.75+/-84.43 IU/L, P0.05). Females and lower BMI levels (20.01+/-2.33 vs 21.65+/-3.66 kg/m2, P0.05) were prone to acquired biochemical response (BR). PC-W28STOP (ntG1896A) was significantly higher in the combined response (CR) group than that in the no CR group (91.7% vs 39.7%, P=0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that baseline DNA, PC-P159T (ntC2288A), BCP-N118T (ntA1726C) and BCP-L134L (ntA1775C/G/T) influenced VR independently. PC-G182C (ntG2357T), PC-S64A/T (ntT2003G/A) and BMI were independent influence factors for HBeAg clearance, HBeAg seroconversion and BR, respectively. The new predicting model concluded that baseline DNA and new mutations for VR were established successfully, and ROC analysis showed that AUC was 0.842 (P0.001) with a sensitivity of 0.652 and a specificity of 0.933.PC-P159T (ntC2288A), BCP-N118T (ntA1726C), BCP-L134L (ntA1775C/G/T), PC-G182C (ntG2357T) and PC-S64A/T (ntT2003G/A) were novel identified mutations that impacted IFN therapeutic efficacy. These novel mutations could serve as important predictors before conventional IFN treatment.

The paper analyses the theory and practice about the construction waste recycling in a meticulous and deep going way based on reverse logistics combining with present social development circulation economy current situation,then brings forward the operation pattern about the construction waste recycling based on reverse logistics,on the basis of household electrical appliances and electronic products recycling reverse logistics model, this paper put forward the system model of the disposal of construction waste based on the recovery of the third party reverse logistics service providers.Also,the paper makes an explanation about the problem and measure into practice,and provides theory and practice for the construction waste recycling.

Based on the hydration kinetics of the cement matrix material, the paper presents a chemical analysis method by means of analyzing the contents of Ca(OH)2 in cement matrix material. The kinetics constant for the cement, ash fly in the residues system solidified by recycled cement, ash fly was determined at different temperature. The hydration kinetics characteristic of the residues system after being hydrated 7 days is first order reaction.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Shuanghu Qinggan Granule (双虎清肝颗 粒, SQG) plus Yigan Yiqi Jieyu Granule (乙肝益气解郁颗粒, YYJG) combined with lamivudine (LAM) on chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients.

Two key products were isolated and purified from liquid mixture composition of wheat straw, by means of a combination of organic solvent extraction and column chromatography. Their structures were identified on basis of nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT), mass spectrometry (MS), and infrared (IR). The mechanism of liquefaction of straw was inferred from the structures of products and changes of hydroxyl value and liquefaction residue, which make up the lack of mechanistic studies of overall utilization of plant fibers.

An comparison research on the effect of pozzolanic reactions of fly ashes in architectural wastes recycle is described in the paper. In the experiment, NaOH and Na2SO4-Ca(OH)2 were used to activate the pozzolanic activities in the fly ashes—cement system to solidify the architectural wastes. The macro and micro testing methods were used to test the compressive strength, phase and electronic micro morphology of the hydration of alkali-activated fly ashes—cement cementitious system. The testing result shows that proper alkali-activated fly ashes—cement cementitious architectural wastes can shorten the incubation time of the pozzolanic reactions of fly ashes, whi ch make the reactions of fly ashes more sufficient. So the hydration products of fly ashes —cement cementitious system with alkali additions were more than those of without alkali add itions, and the compressive strength of the alkali-activated fly ashes—cement cementitious system is higher than that of non alkali-activated fly ashes—cement cementitious system.

Two groups of buildings residues was studied in the paper as to unconfined compressive strength, soaked unconfined compressive strength, shrinkage values, porosity. It is show that Q2 soil stabilizer can improve the micro-structure of solidified blocks of buildings sediment for dispersed sphere-shaped particles can be generated by Q2 soil stabilizer mixed with buildings residues and cement. As a result, the solidified block of buildings sediments was improved in the properties in its increased unconfined compressive strength, decreased shrinkage values and higher durability.

Comparson research as to the relationship between building residues solidified by cement and those solidified by soil stabilizer are made , and the unconfined compressive strength of them increased over time are analyzed in the paper. When the soil stabilizer is mixed with the building residues, the acicular ettringites acting as inlay or infilling are formed in the solidified body. This is the reason why their unconfined compressive strength are increased. Some relevances show that the more the acicular ettringite was formed, the higher the confined compressive strength of the solidified bodies would be, and vice versa.

With the mass diffusion module of ABAQUS, the moisture diffusion behavior of recycled aggregate concrete material (RAC) was investigated in this work. The simulation was carried out under the standard drying conditions (Ambient humidity: H=60%; Temperature: T=20°C). The results indicate that: with the dry age grows, the water evaporation begins from the RAC’s surface first, and the water concentration reaches the equilibrium value rapidly; then the evaporation process gradually extends to the interior, but the process is quit slowly. In moisture diffusion process, the water concentration takes on gradient distribution. the calculated value of water concentration matches well with the experiment results, and can provide a theoretical base to the caculation of drying shrinkage stress of RAC.

Bio-degradable polyurethane foams were prepared from the liquefied wheat straw alcohol by a reaction with isocyanate in the presence of stannous octoate, triethylene diamine and silicone oil. The influences of the catalyst, water, silicone oil, isocyanate index(IN) on the performance of the properties of the foams obtained were investigated. Furthermore, the chemical structures, thermal performance and degradation performance of the products were analyzed.

this subject is to use recycled glass and recycled aluminum to prepare glass / aluminum matrix composites with stirring casting technique, and stirring tank is self-researched and developed. When determining stirring tank structure, it adopts Fluent to simulate the flow field for the factors (distance from upper paddles to liquid level, stirring paddle arranging angle and paddle interval) influencing internal structure, make the optimization research on the influence of these three factors to stirring effect, compare with the actual experiment results, and propose the resolutions to improve equipment structure.

A laboratory-scale experiment was carried out to assess the influence of temperature fluctuation on thermophilic anaerobic digestion of municipal organic solid waste (MOSW). Heating failure was simulated by decreasing temperature suddenly from 55 degrees C to 20 degrees C suddenly; 2 h time is needed for temperature decrease and recovery. Under the conditions of 8.0 g/(L.d) and 15 d respectively for MOSW load and retention time, following results were noted: (1) biogas production almost stopped and VFA (volatile fatty acid) accumulated rapidly, accompanied by pH decrease; (2) with low temperature (20 degrees C) duration of 1, 5, 12 and 24 h, it took 3, 11, 56 and 72 h for the thermophilic anaerobic digestion system to reproduce methane after temperature fluctuation; (3) the longer the low temperature interval lasted, the more the methanogenic bacteria would decay; hydrolysis, acidification and methanogenesis were all influenced by temperature fluctuation; (4) the thermophilic microorganisms were highly resilient to temperature fluctuation.

To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Chinese herbs as an adjuvant treatment for hepatitis virus B (HBV)-related hepatic failure.Data were retrieved through the Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group Controlled Trials Register, The Cochrane Library, PubMed, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang Database, and ChiCTR by key words or free words such as hepatic failure, severe hepatitis, HBV, Chinese medicine, randomization, and control. Appendix references of related papers were taken as supplementary indices. According to requirement for Cochrane systematic evaluation, randomized clinical trials on assessing the effectiveness and safety of Chinese herbs as main or adjuvant treatment in treating HBV-related hepatic failure were methodologically assessed, data extracted and analyzed.Totally 21 trials on Chinese herbal medicine therapy versus standard medical therapy (involving 1 881 patients) were included. Most trials had unclear risk bias. In 5 studies on the mortality, 3 trials showed that the mortality was lower in the test group than in the control group [RR 0.40, 95% CI (0.20, 0.79), P = 0.0002]. In 6 randomized control trials, totally 20 papers reported the control of complications. Eight results showed Chinese herbal medicine therapy had better effect in controlling complications. The recurrence rate and assessment of the survival quality were reported. Considering secondary indicators, four trials showed Chinese herbal medicine therapy had better effect in lowering the ineffective rate, decreasing total bilirubin (TBIL), and elevating prothrombin activity (PTA). Other prescriptive analyses found that the overall effect on secondary indicators was better in the test group than in the control group, but not all the indicators were statistically different. Adverse reactions were only reported in two papers, showing no severe adverse reaction.According to present evidence, till now, we could not judge whether Chinese herbs, as an adjuvant treatment, could do any favor for lowering the incidence and recurrence of hepatic failure patients, and improving their survival qualities.

To compare the effects of Bushen Jiedu Recipe (BJR) and Jianpi Jiedu Recipe (JJR) containing plasma on dendritic cells (DCs) of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection patients under different immune states.Recruited were 36 chronic HBV infection outpatients from First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from April 2010 to January 2011. They were assigned to the immune tolerance group (18 cases) and the immune clearance group (18 cases).Another 10 healthy subjects were recruited as the healthy control group. Their anticoagulated peripheral venous blood was respectively collected. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and further extracted for incubating DCs. The DCs were intervened by BJR and JJR containing plasma. The morphology of DCs was identified. The expressions of CD1alpha, CD80, CD86, and HLA-DR were detected. The level of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) in the supernatant was observed by ELISA.The CD80 expression level was lower in the immune clear group than in the healthy control group before intervention (P0.05). The expression levels of CD80, CD86, and HLA-DR were lower in the immune tolerance group than in the healthy control group before intervention (P0.05).The IFN-alpha expression level was lower in the immune tolerance group and the immune clearance group than in the healthy control group before intervention (P0.05). The expression levels of CD80, HLA-DR, and IFN-alpha were lower in the immune tolerance group than in the immune clearance group before intervention (P0.05). Compared with the same group before intervention, the CD80 expression significantly increased in each treatment group (P0.05). After intervention the expression levels of CD80 and HLA-DR were higher in the immune tolerance group than in the immune clearance group in the same time phase, and the CD86 expression level was higher in the BJR group than in the immune clearance group in the same time phase, showing statistical difference (P0.05).The middle dose BJR and the small dose JJR both could promote the recovery of DCs in chronic HBV infection patients. Besides, BJR showed more prominent effects on the function of DCs in chronic HBV infection patients in the immune tolerance stage.

To evaluate of the efficacy and safety of entecavir (ETV) combined with Shenxian Yiganling (SY) versus ETV therapy on patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) for 48 weeks.One hundred and sixty-four CHB patients were assigned to two groups with the cohort study: the ETV combined with SY treatment group and the ETV control group. The alanine aminotransferase (ALT), the undetectable HBV DNA level, and HBeAg negative conversion rate, and HBeAg serological negative conversion rate were observed before and after treatment.At week 48, there was no significant difference in the normalization of ALT levels (70.00% vs 67.61%, P0.05) and undetectable HBV DNA levels (72.50% vs 73.24%, P0.05) between the two groups. There was significant difference in the HBeAg negative conversion rate (39.44% vs 23.75%) and HBeAg serological negative conversion rate (32.39% vs 15.00%) (both P0.05).ETV combined with SY promoted the HBeAg serological negative conversion rate possibly through the recovery of the immune functions.

To observe the functions of peripheral dendritic cells (DCs) in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection patients of Gan-depression Pi-deficiency syndrome (GPS) and Gan-Dan damp-heat syndrome (GDS) under different immune states, thus to study the features of the immune expressions of the two syndromes in chronic HBV infection, providing objective evidence for Chinese medicine syndrome typing.The 40 chronic HBV patients were randomly assigned to two groups according to the immune state. Of them, there were 20 chronic HBV patients (under the condition of immune clearance; consisting of 10 patients of GPS and 10 of GDS) and 20 chronic HBV carriers (under the condition of immune tolerance; consisting of 10 patients of GPS and 10 of GDS). Besides, 10 healthy graduate volunteers of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were recruited as the healthy control group. Their peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were cultured in vitro. The exterior morphological features and ultrastructure were observed by inverted microscope and electron microscope. The expressions of HLA-DR, CD80, CD86, and CDIa of the DCs surface were detected. The secretory levels of IL-12 in the supernate of DCs were detected by ELISA reagent kit. The proliferation capacities of allogeneic mixed lymphocyte were detected using MTT. The function features of DCs in the chronic HBV patients of two syndrome types under different immune states were compared, thus analyzing the difference of each index between the two syndrome types.Compared with the healthy control group, the expression rates of CD86, CD80, and HLA-DR decreased in the HBV carriers group (of the two syndrome types), showing statistical difference (P0.05). The expression rate of CD80 decreased in the HBV group (of the two syndrome types), showing statistical difference (P0.05). The expression rates of CD86 and HLA-DR were lower in the GPS group than in the GDS group. The expression rate of CD80 was lower in the GPS group than in the GDS group, showing statistical difference (P0.05). The proliferation capacities of IL-12 and T lymphocytes were lower in the HBV patients group than in the healthy control group (P0.05). The proliferation capacities of IL-12 and T lymphocytes were lower in the GPS group than in the GDS group, showing statistical difference (P0.05).The functions of peripheral DCs in chronic HBV infection of patients of the GPS and the GDS under different immune states were different. The phenotype and function tests of DCs provided objective evidence for Chinese syndrome typing of chronic hepatitis B, thus reflecting the features of immune expressions of the two syndrome types and the immunology connotation.

Dynamics of resonant energy transfer of a single excitation in a molecular dimer system is studied in the simultaneous presence of diagonal and off-diagonal exciton-phonon coupling. It is found that the off-diagonal coupling plays an important role in the excitation energy transfer process. Coherent transfer can be found at arbitrary temperature for a non-vanishing off-diagonal coupling strength with an oscillation frequency of site populations that increases with the off-diagonal coupling strength. Furthermore, we identify a threshold of the off-diagonal coupling strength below which there exists an optimal temperature that maximizes the total population transfer from the initially excited monomer to the acceptor monomer at long times. As the off-diagonal coupling strength is increased beyond the threshold, however, the optimal temperature is found to abruptly drop to zero.

When complex organic matter was used as feedstock in the process of anaerobic fermentation, the rate-limiting stage generally was thought of as the first stage, namely hydrolytic stage. Hence, if feedstock was hydrolyzed before it was loaded into a digester, the efficiency of anaerobic fermentation would be improved greatly. Based on this ideal, a cellulase pre-hydrolysis of organic fraction of municipal solid waste(OFMSW) to enhance biogas production was conducted in this paper. Firstly the single-factor experiment was used to investigate the effect of cellulase additive amount, hydrolytic temperature, hydrolytic time, pH and substrate concentration on the degree of hydrolysis. And then the hydrolyzed OFMSW was used as the substrate to investigate the influence of these hydrolytic factors on the batch biogas production. The result showed that, as compared to the control group (without cellulase pre-hydrolysis), the period of rapid biogas production in different experimental groups occurred ahead about 3–7 days, the biogas yield of VS was increased from 32.77% to 75.08%, and the methane yield of VS was increased from 35.35% to 113.19%.

Drying shrinkage deformation is one of the most important reasons which causes cracking of concrete materials. Mix design of C30 natural aggregate concrete(NAC) is used as reference, the experiment of drying shrinkage considering the influence of recycled aggregate replacement ratio and mixing amount of fly ash, water reducer, and expansive agent was made. The results show that: In the case of fixed amount of mixing water and cement content, the addition of water reducing agent and recycled aggregate increase the shrinkage deformation of recycled aggregate concrete(RAC); to a certain extent, the addition of fly ash can inhibit the shrinkage deformation of RAC; with the addition of expansive agent, the shrinkage deformation of RAC significantly reduce, and this inhibitory effect is stronger than fly ash's.

Cyanoethylated secondary fiber (CSF) were made from secondary fiber(SF) cyanoethylation，and the effect of cyanoethylation on SF and CSF/RHDPE composites were investigated. The reinforcing mechanism of CSF in composites was discussed. Compared with unmodifed fiber, modifed fiber improved interfacial compatibility between CSF and RHDPE, and resulted in enhancing the mechanical properties of CSF/RHDPE composites. Furthermore, The fibre mass fraction and nitrogen content of CSF affected the mechanical properties of CSF/RHDPE composites, When nitrogen content of CSF was 20.36% and content of CSF was 20wt%, composites show maximum mechanical properties. The influence degree of CSF addition on CSF/RHDPE composites' processability was smaller than SF/RHDPE composites. CSF weakened melting and crystallization properties of the RHDPE in the composites. The mechanical properties of CSF/RHDPE composites were better than those of SF/RHDPE. SEM observations on the fracture surface of the composites show that the fibre-matrix adhesion was improved after cyanoethylation treatments.

The biodegradable composites made from secondary fiber(SF) and cyanoethylated secondary fiber(CSF) were prepared by press forming, and the effect of alkali pretreatment and combined pretreatment of alkali and silane coupling agent KH550 on secondary fiber and composites were investigated. The optimum content of SF is 10 wt% because the hot melt viscosity of CSF was higher than that of traditional thermoplastic resins，and interfacial adhesion strength between SF and CSF is weak. Alkali pretreatment and combined pretreatment of alkali and silane coupling agent KH550 on secondary fiber results in enhancing the mechanical of composites. Furthermore, compared with alkali pretreatment, composites reforced with combined pretreated of alkali and silane coupling agent KH550 SF show better mechanical properties，because of combined effect alkali and silane coupling agent KH550 resulting in improving interfacial adhesion strength between SF and CSF.

The feasibility of propagating road materials in the use of contracture wastes especially contented great amount waste bricks were researched in three aspects: Performance of recycled aggregate, mechanical properties of renewable road materials, compression - splitting indexes. Conclusions are as following: recycled aggregates contenting great amount waste bricks in place of natural aggregates are feasible from the point of view on technical and technological. The performances of recycled aggregates have a significant impact on properties of renewable road material. Whether it is cement stabilized RCA material or cements stabilized RCBA material, age and cement in the age-dose studies, with the increase in cement dose, mechanical properties growth trends are similar. Compared to unconfined compressive strength and resilient modulus, splitting strength is much closed in terms of growth trends or Growth value at the cement doses or ages. Good Relevance correlation are existed among resilient modulus, compressive strength and splitting strength: ,RCA: .

The network delays, failures and randomization make the composite web service system nondeterministic and difficult to be analyzed. However a probabilistic model can capture and abstract these sources of non-determinism more precisely and enable statistical analysis and simulations. We propose probabilistic rewrite theories as a general semantic framework supporting high level specification of probabilistic systems that can be massively concurrent. With the following two additional assertions, assumption and commitment, probabilistic rewrite theories facilitate reasoning about the composition and verification of services integration. The PMaude, a rewriting methodology based tool in which probabilistic formal modeling and analysis can be used from the earliest phases of nondeterministic system design to uncover many errors and inconsistencies, and to reach high assurance for critical composite web service system.

To observe the therapeutic efficacy on chronic severe hepatitis B (CSH) patients of Yanghuang and Yinhuang syndrome type by principles of cooling-blood and detoxicating combined with clearing-heat and resolving dampness (PA) or with strengthening-Pi and warming-yang (PB), respectively.Forty-three patients with CSH were randomly divided into two groups, group A (22 cases) treated with PA and group B (21 cases) with PB. The therapeutic efficacy, laying stress on the effect in eliminating jaundice, was observed.The efficacy in group B was effective in 19 cases (90.5%), and ineffective in 2 (9.5%), while in group A, effective in 16 (72.7%) and ineffective in 6 (27.3%). Levels of TBIL and ALT were significantly lower in both groups (P0.05 or P0.01), and the descending extent was greater, the thrombinogen activity was higher in group B than that in group A after treatment (P0.05), no significant difference in ALT was found between the two groups.The efficacy of PB is better than that of PA on CSH with Yanghuang and Yinghuang syndrome.

The influence of temperature on the performance of anaerobic reactors for treating the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) was studied. Batch digestion of OFMSW was carried out for 32 d at different temperature (25 degrees C, 35 degrees C, 45 degrees C and 55 degrees C) conditions for total solid concentrations (TS) 17% with the ratio of total organic carbon to nitrogen (C/N) being, 25:1 respectively, while keeping other parameters constant such as inoculum, start-up pH, reactor volume (2 L) and so on. Temperature can influence the methanogenic bacteria activity, accordingly inhibiting the OFMSW biodegradation and stabilization efficiency. Anaerobic reactors excelled at TS reduction, total volatile solid reduction, chemical oxygen demand reduction, increasing cumulative biogas production, whose rate was at temperature (35 degrees C and 55 degrees C) conditions. Methane concentration in the biogas was above 65% in four reactors. In addition, the fluctuation of temperatures resulted in the biogas production variation. The data obtained indicated that temperature had a significant influence on anaerobic process.

The laboratory-scale daily fed experiment study was carried out to assess the effect of temperature fluctuation on performance of the thermophilic reactors for organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW). The temperature of the reactor was lowered from 55 degrees C to 20 degrees C in case of heating failure and the duration in the low temperature were 1, 5, 12 and 24h respectively. The time of downward and upward temperature were within 2h. The organic loading rate was 8.0 g (L x d)(-1) in the steady-state and retention time was 15 d. The results show that the biogas production almost stop and total VFA, VFA such as acetate and propionate are rapidly accumulated when the temperature fluctuated, accompanied by the fall in pH. But the pH values would be in the normal range for the high buffering capacity in the digesters. The delay time of methane production restored was 3, 11, 56 and 72h respectively. It showed the longer the duration in low temperature, the more the decay of methanogenic archaea. Temperature fall not only affected the methanogensis but also the hydrolysis and acidification. Thermophilic microorganisms appeared to be highly resilient during temperature fluctuated process.

OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy and safety of Fuzheng Huayu Capsule (FZHY Capsule) against liver fibrosis with chronic hepatitis B. METHODS: Multicentric, randomized, double blinded and paralleled control led trial was conducted on patients (aged between 18 and 65) with liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B Indexes observed: (1) hepatic histological changes and HBV markers were observed at 0 and 24th week during the treatment; serological indexes (HA, LN, P-III-P, IV-C) were determined and B ultrasound examination of spleen and liver was taken at 0, 12th, 24th week; liver function (during the period of follow-up, liver function and serological indexes for liver fibrosis were evaluated) were observed at 0, 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th week; (2) indexes for safety: blood and urine routine tests, renal function and ECG were examined. RESULTS: (1) Enrollment and demographic data: There was no significant difference between the trial (110 cases) and control group (106 cases) in demographic feature, vital signs, course of illness, history for drug anaphylaxis, history of previous therapy, liver function, serological indexes for liver fibrosis, liver histological examination (99 cases for test group, 96 cases for control group), HBV markers, and renal function, etc. (2) Histological pathological examination: 93 cases of liver histological examination were taken, of these 50 cases for the trial group and 43 cases for control group which turned out to be at S mean value of 2.33 and 2.11 respectively pretreatment according to criteria for liver fibrosis staging. Post-treatment, the trial showed a significant decrease with S value of 1.80 compared to that of pretreatment; however, there was no significant improvement in control group before and after the treatment with S mean value of 2.14. There was significant difference in reversing rate (decrease at least 1 stage according to criteria for liver fibrosis staging) between the trial (52%) and control (23.3%) after liver biopsy. The trial had a rather good effect on improving inflammatory activity and was superior to control group with a marked decrease of mean value of inflammatory activity and score of inflammation (P

AIM: To study the efficacy and safety of Fuzhenghuayu capsule (FZHY capsule, a capsule for strengthening body resistance to remove blood stasis) against liver fibrosis due to chronic hepatitis B. METHODS: Multicenter, randomized, double blinded and parallel control experiment was conducted in patients (aged from 18 to 65 years) with liver fibrosis due to chronic hepatitis B. Hepatic histologic changes and HBV markers were examined at wk 0 and 24 during treatment. Serologic parameters (HA, LM, P-III-P, IV-C) were determined and B ultrasound examination of the spleen and liver was performed at wk 0, 12 and 24. Liver function (liver function and serologic parameters for liver fibrosis) was observed at wk 0, 6, 12, 18 and 24. Blood and urine routine test, renal function and ECG were examined before and after treatment. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between experimental group (110 cases) and control group (106 cases) in demographic features, vital signs, course of illness, history for drug anaphylaxis and previous therapy, liver function, serologic parameters for liver fibrosis, liver histologic examination (99 cases in experimental group, 96 cases in control group), HBV markers, and renal function. According to the criteria for liver fibrosis staging, mean score of fibrotic stage(s) in experimental group after treatment (1.80) decreased significantly compared to the previous treatment (2.33, P