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Phenethylammonium fluoride is conformally coated on a perovskite film via a simple thermal evaporation approach at low temperatures and normal pressure, passivating the defects and reinforcing the structural stability.

The N atom in the side chain of the PAN skeleton coordinated with the exposed Pb atom on the CsPbI3 perovskite, which effectively passivated the defects of CsPbI3 crystal grains, and the PCE of the CsPb3I3-based PSCs improved from 14.36% to 16.21%.

Poly(ethylene glycol)dimethacrylate-added perovskite films can effectively regulate crystal growth, passivate defects, release strains and enhance the mechanical stability of PSCs.

The addition of TEAI can induce oriented growth of perovskite films and enhance the efficiency with high stability.

Solution-processable organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites are being widely investigated for many applications, including solar cells, light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, and lasers. Herein, we report, for the first time, successful fabrication of xerographic photoreceptors using methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) perovskite as a light-absorbing material. With the incorporation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) into the perovskite film, the ion migration inherent to the perovskite material can be effectively suppressed, and the resulting photoreceptor exhibits a high and panchromatic photosensitivity, large surface potential, low dark decay, and high environmental resistance and electrical cycling stability. Specifically, the energies required to photodischarge one half of the initial surface potential (E0.5) are 0.074 μJ cm−2 at 550 nm and 0.14 μJ cm−2 at 780 nm, respectively. The photosensitivites outmatch those of the conventionally used organic pigments having narrow spectral responses. Our findings inform a new generation of highly efficient and low-cost xerographic photoreceptors based on perovskite materials.

The trap states at the surface and grain boundaries of perovskite films have a great influence on the photovoltaic performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, lead sulfide (PbS) was introduced on the surface of perovskite films through in situ reaction with thioacetamide (TAA) in solution. With the PbS layer, the trap state density of the perovskite film was significantly reduced, and charge extraction efficiency was enhanced from perovskite to the external charge transport layer. In addition, it was found that the water-insoluble PbS layer could effectively protect the perovskite film from the moisture permeation. As a result, the perovskite solar cell exhibited a stable output efficiency of 22.04% with high stability.

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite materials have attracted significant attention due to their intriguing optical and electrical properties. However, it is a challenge to grow a perovskite thin film with controlled crystallinity and large-sized grains by a simple solution process, which is important for highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells. Herein, a methylamine-assisted secondary grain growth approach is developed for post-annealing of a methyl ammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite film in a controlled methylamine (MA0) atmosphere, leading to the formation of a full-coverage and highly oriented perovskite film with large grain sizes up to tens of microns. The resultant perovskite film shows low trap density, strong photoluminescence, and a prolonged decay lifetime. The perovskite photovoltaic device shows an enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.81% with good environmental stability. The method reported here provides a promising and facile route to fabricate high-quality MAPbI3 perovskite films for efficient optoelectronic devices.

In this report, emplectite (CuBiS2) semiconductor has been deposited on mesoporous TiO2 using gas–solid reaction method. For the first time, CuCl2 and BiCl3 are solution-coated on mesoporous TiO2 films, and thereafter reacted with H2S gas in an H2S atmosphere. The CuBiS2 film is further confirmed using X-ray diffraction; thus, demonstrating the pure phase of CuBiS2. CuBiS2 film shows high spectral absorption with an energy gap (Eg) of 2.18 eV. Furthermore, devices have a structure consisting of FTO/compact-TiO2/mesoporous-TiO2/CuBiS2/P3HT/Ag have been fabricated and hence exhibit high photoresponse performance.

A coupled-spiral interferometer is a compact photonic component employing a continuous coupling between the arms of the spiral. Strong resonances occur when phase matching between the arms is achieved. In this work, we present an integrated silicon nitride organic-hybrid laser which is based on such a coupled-spiral interferometer resonator. Optical excitation is achieved with a 450 nm laser diode. The emission wavelength of the organic-hybrid laser is at 613 nm in transverse-magnetic-like polarization. As the coherent light is generated and directly emitted into a single-mode optical waveguide on the photonic chip elaborate coupling of laser light from an external source can be avoided.

Au@Ag@Ag2S heterogeneous nanorods (NRs) with two strong plasmonic absorptive bands were developed for boosting the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells, and the remarkably enhanced plasmonic devices were achieved. By doping different concentrations of the Au@Ag@Ag2S NRs within the TiO2 photoanode layers, various enhanced effects of the plasmonic devices were obtained. With the incorporation of the typical Au@Ag@Ag2S NRs (their aspect ratios: 2.7) into the TiO2 photoanodes, the top efficiency of 6.51% of the fabricated plasmonic photovoltaic devices at their doped concentrations of the 2.31% was observed, exhibiting dramatic 40% enhancement than that of the conventional dye-sensitized solar cells (bare device: 4.65%). Benefiting from effective surface plasmon effects of the Au@Ag@Ag2S NRs, the light-harvesting abilities of photoanodes and dyes in devices are dramatically enhanced, which in return boost the whole performance of photovoltaic devices significantly.

Tin-based halide perovskite materials have been successfully employed in lead-free perovskite solar cells, but the overall power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) have been limited by the high carrier concentration from the facile oxidation of Sn2+ to Sn4+ . Now a chemical route is developed for fabrication of high-quality methylammonium tin iodide perovskite (MASnI3 ) films: hydrazinium tin iodide (HASnI3 ) perovskite film is first solution-deposited using presursors hydrazinium iodide (HAI) and tin iodide (SnI2 ), and then transformed into MASnI3 via a cation displacement approach. With the two-step process, a dense and uniform MASnI3 film is obtained with large grain sizes and high crystallization. Detrimental oxidation is suppressed by the hydrazine released from the film during the transformation. With the MASnI3 as light harvester, mesoporous perovskite solar cells were prepared, and a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.13 % is delivered with good reproducibility.

Methylammonium bismuth iodide (MA3Bi2I9) has been recently investigated as a light absorber in lead-free perovskite solar cells. However, the MA3Bi2I9 film fabricated via conventional one-step spin coating methods usually has poor surface morphology, limiting the device performance. Herein, a cation displacement approach was employed for the fabrication of MA3Bi2I9 film, where (CH3CH2CH2NH3)3Bi2I9 (PA3Bi2I9) film was first deposited from a solution containing CH3CH2CH2NH3I and BiI3 and then transformed into MA3Bi2I9 film in a methylamine atmosphere. With the technique, the MA3Bi2I9 film was realized with smooth, uniform, and compact surface morphology. Using the MA3Bi2I9 film as a light absorber, a mesoporous photovoltaic device was fabricated with a power conversion efficiency of 0.33%, which is about two times higher than the value (0.15%) obtained for the one-step spin coating MA3Bi2I9 device. Moreover, the facile film fabrication strategy utilized in this work paves the way for high reproducibility of lead-free organic–inorganic halide films and devices.

This work reports the fabrication of AgSbS2 semiconductor films via in-situ gas-solid reaction approach, including sequential solution-deposition of AgNO3 and SbCl3 percursor solutions on mesoporous TiO2 substrates, and subsequent sulfurization of the prepared films at H2S atmosphere. The resultant TiO2/AgSbS2 films show broad spectral absorption ranged from 350 nm to 800 nm with a band gap of 2.01 eV. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra confirm the fabrication of phase-pure AgSbS2 without any impurity. Furthermore, the devices with a structure of fluorine-doped SnO2 (FTO)/TiO2/AgSbS2/Au have been prepared, exhibiting quick interfacial charge transfer and electron injection process with excellent photoresponse and high photostability.

Defects from grain interiors and boundaries of perovskite films cause significant nonradiative recombination energy loss, and thus perovskite films with controlled crystallinity and large grains is critical for improvement of both photovoltaic performance and stability for perovskite-based solar cells. Here, a methylamine (MA0) gas-assisted crystallization method is developed for fabrication of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite films. In the process, the perovskite film is formed via controlled release of MA0 gas molecules from a liquid intermediate phase MAPbI3·xMA0. The resulting perovskite film comprises millimeter-sized grains with (110)-uniaxial crystallographic orientation, exhibiting much low trap density, long carrier lifetime, and excellent environmental stability. The corresponding perovskite solar cell exhibits a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ~ 21.36%, which is among the highest reported for MAPbI3-based devices. This method provides important progress towards the fabrication of high-quality perovskite thin films for low-cost, highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells., Suppressing grain boundaries and defects in perovskite solar cells remains a quest to address the efficiency and stability issues. Here, the authors use methylamine gas for assisting the growth of uniaxial-oriented perovskite thin films with millimeter-sized grains.

Solution-processed polycrystalline perovskite films have detrimental defects in the bulk and surfaces/grain boundaries, especially the uncoordinated lead ions (Pb2+) with low formation energy, limiting both the performance and stability of the photovoltaic devices. In this work, a conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is incorporated into a bulk perovskite film by a facile in-situ polymerization method, where 5-bromo-2,3-dihydro-thieno[3,4-b] [1] , [4] dioxine (BEDOT) as monomer is directly added to a perovskite precursor solution and then in-situ polymerized within the perovskite film during the film formation. The PEDOT is chemically anchored at the surface and grain boundaries of the perovskite film via interaction of sulfur and oxygen atoms in PEDOT with uncoordinated lead ions in the perovskite, passivating the surface and bulk defects and also improving the charge extraction efficiency in the solar cell. Moreover, robust and hydrophobic properties of PEDOT can enhance the thermal and moisture resistance of the perovskite film. As a result, a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.58% is achieved, along with significantly enhanced environmental, thermal, and light-soaking stability.

Spectrum-enhanced Au@ZnO plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) are developed for fabrication of the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), and their remarkable enhanced performances are achieved due to Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) effects. When being doped different blended amounts of the Au@ZnO NPs within the photoanode layers, various enhanced effects in the SPR-based DSSCs are exhibited. Compared with the power conversion efficiency (PCE, 7.50%) achieved for bare DSSC, device with doped Au@ZnO NPs of 1.93% delivers the top PCE of 8.91%, exhibiting about 20% enhancement. To elaborate the charge transfer process in the Au@ZnO NPs blended DSSCs, the photoluminescence (PL), electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS), etc are performed. We find that both the enhanced SPR absorption properties and the suppressed recombination process of charges contribute much to the improved performance of Au@ZnO-incorporated DSSCs.

Herein, new organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite single crystals of complex 1 with the formula of (n-C3H7NH3)6Pb4I14 are synthesized from an aqueous HI solution containing PbI2 and propylammonium iodide. The single crystal X-ray crystallographic study shows that the structure consists of two-dimensional (2D) sheets of corner- and face-sharing [Pb2I7]3− octahedra, and the inorganic layers are separated by layers of 3-propylammonium cations. The 2D perovskite material features good film formability upon simple solution deposition. This 2D phase can be easily converted into 3D CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) perovskite via an organic-cation displacement approach, exhibiting a compact, ultrasmooth, and textured morphology. Using the film as a light absorber, planar CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells are fabricated, and the best power conversion efficiency of 19.19% is obtained with good reproducibility.

In this report, a facile, low-cost, in situ gas-solid reaction method has been successfully employed for the deposition of copper antimony sulfide (CuSbS2) semiconductor film, where copper and antimony metal precursor is first spin-coated on the TiO2 substrate, followed by reaction with H2S gas and further thermal annealing. The CuSbS2 film shows broad absorption ranged from 400 nm to 830 nm with a band gap of 1.57 eV. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis confirms valence states of the synthetic samples for Cu+, Sb3+ and S2−, verifying phase-pure CuSbS2. Besides, the CuSbS2 films made by one-step method show good photoelectric property with a high potential as photovoltaic absorber.

Hybrid inorganic-organic perovskite solar cells have attracted great attention with power conversion efficiencies exceeding 20% using dimethylformamide or dimethyl sulfoxide for the deposition of the perovskite films. Replacing the toxic solvents with non-toxic solvents is one of the key challenges to realize industrial scale commercialization for the perovskite photovoltaics. Here, environmentally friendly solvent systems are employed for processing the perovskite active layer by a two-step spin-coating approach: aqueous Pb(NO 3 ) 2 is first spin-coated on mesoporous TiO 2 film, and followed by spin-coating of methylammonium iodide in isopropanol. We found that the resulting perovskite was homogeneously covered on the TiO 2 surface with relatively high coverage. The best performing perovskite solar cell shows a power conversion efficiency of 13.7% under standard conditions (AM1.5, 100 mW cm − 2 ).

In this report, a novel and facile in situ gas–solid reaction method has been developed for the deposition of CdS quantum-dots (QDs) on a mesoscopic TiO2 film. In the approach, cadmium nitrate solution was first coated on mesoporous TiO2 films, and subsequently transformed into CdS QDs (with size about 2–3 nm) by reaction with hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas generated in a closed container at room temperature. Different from the conventional solution techniques, this method offers new opportunities for rapid and facile deposition of CdS QD-coated TiO2 films without the introduction of the by-products. With the CdS QDs-decorated TiO2 active electrodes, the liquid and solid solar cells were fabricated with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 1.90 and 0.80%, respectively.

Herein, a novel, facile, in situ gas–solid reaction method has been successfully employed for the deposition of famatinite (Cu3SbS4) semiconductor on a mesosporous TiO2 film, where precursors CuCl2 and SbCl3 were first solution-coated on a TiO2 substrate, followed by reaction with H2S gas and further thermal annealing. Various precursor ratios, temperatures and heating atmospheres have been examined for the deposition. The phase-pure Cu3SbS4 has been obtained by coating a mixed solution of CuCl2 and SbCl3 at a molar ratio of 2.5 : 1, and annealing at 300 °C for 10 min in an H2S atmosphere. The deposited Cu3SbS4 was uniformly distributed on the entire porous TiO2 film with crystal grain sizes of about 3–4 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed valence states of the synthetic samples for Cu+, Sb5+ and S2−, verifying phase-pure Cu3SbS4. The spectral absorption of the film ranges from 400 nm to 1000 nm with a band gap of ∼1.24 eV. The Cu3SbS4 film shows good and stable photoresponse performance, indicating its high potential as photovoltaic absorber.

Perylenediimide (PDI) possesses intense absorption, a low-lying energy level, and a high electron mobility. However, its highly planar conformation and thus strong intermolecular π–π stacking prevents its application as an electron acceptor used in efficient bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, we report a structurally non-planar molecule TRIP-PDI3, in which a rigid and shape-persistent triptycene (TRIP) unit is employed as a central unit to collect three PDI arms at the periphery. As an electron acceptor, TRIP-PDI3 exhibits a low-lying LUMO energy level of −3.81 eV similar to that of conventional PCBM, but with an intensive light absorption in the range of 450–600 nm. BHJ OSCs were fabricated using TRIP-PDI as an electron acceptor and a low band gap polymer PBDT-TS1 as an electron donor, exhibiting a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.53%. The result demonstrates that TRIP is a promising building block for the construction of structurally non-planar PDI derivatives as non-fullerene (NF) electron acceptors for efficient OSCs.

An Sb2S3 absorber layer is coated on mesoporous TiO2 films through a sequential deposition method: SbCl3 aqueous solution is first deposited, followed by reaction with H2S gas and further thermal annealing. Under our conditions, the Sb2S3-based solid-state heterojunction solar cells yield efficiencies of up to 6.27% at 100 mW cm−2 AM 1.5 G.

Methylammonium bismuth iodide (MA3Bi2I9) perovskite, has been deposited on a mesoporous TiO2 film with high homogeneousity and coverage through interdiffusion of solution-processed BiI3/CH3NH3I stacking layers, resulting in higher power conversion efficiency in the perovskite solar cell as compared with that prepared using a conventional one-step solution method.

The low toxicity, narrow bandgaps, and high charge‐carrier mobilities make tin perovskites the most promising light absorbers for low‐cost perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the development of the Sn‐based PSCs is seriously hampered by the critical issues of poor stability and low power conversion efficiency (PCE) due to the facile oxidation of Sn2+ to Sn4+ and poor film formability of the perovskite films. Herein, a synthetic strategy is developed for the fabrication of methylammonium tin iodide (MASnI3) film via ion exchange/insertion reactions between solid‐state SnF2 and gaseous methylammonium iodide. In this way, the nucleation and crystallization of MASnI3 can be well controlled, and a highly uniform pinhole‐free MASnI3 perovskite film is obtained. More importantly, the detrimental oxidation can be effectively suppressed in the resulting MASnI3 film due to the presence of a large amount of remaining SnF2. This high‐quality perovskite film enables the realization of a PCE of 7.78%, which is among the highest values reported for the MASnI3‐based solar cells. Moreover, the MASnI3 solar cells exhibit high reproducibility and good stability. This method provides new opportunities for the fabrication of low‐cost and lead‐free tin‐based halide perovskite solar cells., Tin fluoride and methylammonium iodide are employed as precursors for the fabrication of methylammonium tin iodide (MASnI3) film via an ion exchange/insertion reactions approach, and a highly uniform, pinhole‐free perovskite film is obtained with a high concentration of SnF2 and a low content of Sn4+. The corresponding solar cell exhibits the highest power conversion efficiency of 7.78% with high reproducibility and stability.

One of the major barriers for a widespread commercial uptake of silicon nitride photonic integrated circuits for cost-sensitive applications is the lack of low-cost monolithically integrated laser light sources directly emitting into single-mode waveguides. In this work, we demonstrate an optically pumped organic solid-state slot-waveguide distributed feedback laser designed for a silicon nitride organic hybrid photonic platform. Pulsed optical excitation of the gain medium is achieved by a 450 nm laser diode. The optical feedback for lasing is based on a second-order laterally coupled Bragg grating with a slot-waveguide core. Optimized material gain properties of the organic dye together with the increased modal gain of the laser mode arising from the improved overlap of the slot-waveguide geometry with the gain material enable single-mode lasing at a wavelength of 600 nm. The straightforward integration and operation with a blue laser diode leads to a cost-effective coherent light source for photonic integrated devices.

We report several PECVD silicon nitride photonic building blocks required for the implementation of a CMOS-compatible photonic integrated circuit technology platform operating in the 850 nm and 600 nm wavelength domain. In particular, for the 850 nm wavelength region we discuss a low-loss broadband 1x2 power splitter and a loop mirror. In the 600 nm wavelength region, we present new results on an optically pumped integrated dye-doped polymer laser that couples its light directly into a silicon nitride waveguide. Moreover, we discuss design considerations for a waveguide based gas sensing concept detecting target gas specific absorption changes in a thin dye-doped polymer cladding layer.

Coherent light sources are a key component for photonic integrated circuits. Organic solid-state lasers can be monolithically integrated and are highly cost-effective. We report silicon nitride organic hybrid laser designs pumped with a laser diode.

Currently, the hybrid perovskite solar cells were exclusively dominated by the Pb or Sn-based perovskite materials, and these materials, however, exhibit long term instabilities associated with ambient hydrolysis and oxidation, limiting their widespread applications. In this work, two layered cupric bromide hybrid perovskite compounds are prepared as light absorbers for application in heterojunction solar cells. The perovskite layers can be deposited from the solutions of the as-prepared perovskites or directly from their precursor solutions at ambient condition. Their preliminary phoyovoltaic performance was carried out in mesoporous TiO2 heterojunction solar cells. (c) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Two novel donor–acceptor organic dyes (PPL-1 and PPL-2) with pyrazino-[2,3-f][1,10]phenanthroline as an electron-withdrawing anchoring group were designed and synthesized for dye-sensitized solar cells, achieving a promising power conversion efficiency of 4.04% under standard AM 1.5 conditions.

An inkjet printing technique is successfully used to deposit a perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 layer on a mesoscopic TiO2 film. With combined optimization of the table temperature and the ink composition, a flat and uniform perovskite layer is realized on the TiO2 film, and the corresponding photovoltaic device exhibits a high efficiency of 12.3% with an average value of 11.2% under AM 1.5G conditions. The current work demonstrates that the inkjet printing method is environmentally benign and cost-effective with reduced waste of the toxic Pb-containing materials encountered inevitably in the existing techniques during the device preparation.

A push–pull thienoquinoidal dye (QT-1), was synthesized as a sensitizer in a p-DSC, giving a high short-circuit photocurrent density of 8.2 mA cm−2. The result would pave new organic semiconductor sensitizers for use in p-DSCs and other organic optoelectronic devices.

Two small molecular quinoidal thiophene dyes, featuring quinoidal thiophene as a spacer, N,N-diethylaniline or N,N-bis(p-methylphenyl)aniline as an electron donor moiety, and dicyanomethylene as an electron acceptor moiety, have been synthesized as donors for organic photovoltaic cells, and a best power conversion efficiency of 5.12% has been achieved.

Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) was used in a solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell (S-DSC) with a broad-absorption metal-free organic dye sensitizer 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid (BzTCA). Under full-sunlight irradiation (AM 1.5 G, 100 mW/cm 2 ), an overall conversion efficiency of 3.21% was achieved, which represents one of the highest efficiencies reported in an S-DSC. Our results indicate that the P3HT polymer is a promising material as both a hole conductor and an assistant sensitizer in the fabrication of solid-state DSCs.

Three diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) dyes ( ICD-3 , ICD-4 and ICD-5 ) with a D-π-A conjugation were designed and synthesized, where a symmetric phenyl-DPP-phenyl unit was used to connect a substituted diphenylamine and a thienyl acrylic acid, and two n -hexyl or 2-ethyl-hexyl chains were introduced on the periphery of the DPP macrocycle. The dyes were characterized by photophysical, electrochemical, and density functional theory calculations. Among the three dyes, the ICD-5 -based DSC afforded the best photovoltaic performance: a short circuit photocurrent density ( J sc ) of 16.34 mA/cm 2 , an open circuit voltage ( V oc ) of 753 mV, and a fill factor ( FF ) of 0.74, corresponding to an overall conversion efficiency ( η ) of 9.10% using I − / I 3 − redox couple-based liquid electrolyte under AM 1.5 conditions. The experimental results demonstrate that the DPP-based sensitizer is a promising option for DSCs, and rational molecular engineering is crucial for constructing highly efficient charge transfer sensitizers.

Two asymmetric DPP dyes with a D–π–A structure are reported, where DPP is used as a bridge to connect the triphenylamine donor and cyanoacetic acid acceptor. The compact dyes exhibit high light absorption ability covering the whole visible spectral region. The most efficient cell exhibited a short-circuit current density of 17.72 mA cm−2, an open-circuit voltage of 725 mV, and a fill factor of 74%, yielding a power conversion efficiency of 9.51% under standard test conditions (irradiation of 1000 W m−2, air mass = 1.5 G), which is the highest value reported for DPP-based DSCs employing an I−/I3− redox couple. Furthermore, the DPP dyes show remarkable stability under long-term irradiation over 1000 h. Considering the facile synthesis and excellent stability, the DPP sensitizer would be a promising option for highly efficient DSCs. The results show that judicious molecular engineering is crucial for constructing highly efficient charge transfer sensitizers in DSCs.

Pyrazino[2,3-g]quinoxaline was first employed as a π-linker in D–π–A type dyes, exhibiting an unusually broad and intense spectral absorption ranged from the visible to the near infrared region. A power conversion efficiency of 6.86% was achieved in dye-sensitized solar cells.

The provision of a coherent light source is a prerequisite for a variety of photonic integrated circuits. The integration of semiconductor laser diodes in disposable photonic devices in fields such as biosensing is, however, impeded by the competitive pricing in this application area. In this work, we demonstrate lasing of an alternative laser light source, namely an integrated hybrid organic solid-state distributed feedback laser for a silicon nitride photonic platform. The laser is optically pumped with a high power 450 nm laser diode and emits in the visible at 630 nm into a waveguide taper to reduce the cross-section to a single mode geometry. Inkjet printing of the organic gain medium enables a local, cost-effective, and flexible processing technology. The fabrication of the presented coherent light source is CMOS compatible and therefore highly interesting for co-integrated sensing platforms.

The optimization of material gain in optically pumped dye-doped polymer thin films is an important task in the development of organic solid-state lasers. In this work, we present a theoretical model that accommodates the influence of concentration quenching on material gain and employ it to study the novel dye molecule 2-(4-(bis(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)amino)benzylidene)malononitrile (PMN) and the well-established dye molecule 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran (DCM) embedded in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Polycarbonate was tested as an alternative host material for PMN. The material gain in these dye-doped polymer thin films was determined by the variable stripe length method. The inclusion of concentration quenching in the material gain expression is able to significantly reduce the overestimation of the gain efficiency inherent to a linear model., Comment: \copyright{} 2019 Optical Society of America. Users may use, reuse, and build upon the article, or use the article for text or data mining, so long as such uses are for non-commercial purposes and appropriate attribution is maintained. All other rights are reserved