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To investigate the compositional and functional characteristics of the gut microbiota in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) and compare them with those in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Stool samples from 78 treatment naïve pSS patients and 78 matched healthy controls were detected by shotgun metagenomic sequencing and compared with those from 49 treatment naïve SLE patients. The virulence loads and mimotopes of the gut microbiota were also assessed by sequence alignment.The gut microbiota of treatment naïve pSS patients had lower richness and evenness and showed a different community distribution than that of healthy controls. The microbial species enriched in the pSS-associated gut microbiota included Lactobacillus salivarius, Bacteroides fragilis, Ruminococcus gnavus, Clostridium bartlettii, Clostridium bolteae, Veillonella parvula, and Streptococcus parasanguinis. Lactobacillus salivarius was the most discriminating species in the pSS patients, especially in those with interstitial lung disease (ILD). Among the differentiating microbial pathways, the superpathway of l-phenylalanine biosynthesis was also further enriched in pSS complicated with ILD. There were more virulence genes carried by the gut microbiota in pSS patients, most of which encoded peritrichous flagella, fimbriae, or curli fimbriae, three types of bacterial surface organelles involved in bacterial colonization and invasion. Five microbial peptides with the potential to mimic pSS-related autoepitopes were also enriched in the pSS gut. SLE and pSS shared significant gut microbial traits, including the community distribution, altered microbial taxonomy and pathways, and enriched virulence genes. However, Ruminococcus torques was depleted in pSS patients but enriched in SLE patients compared to that in healthy controls.The gut microbiota in treatment naïve pSS patients was disturbed and shared significant similarity with that in SLE patients.

ObjectivesLack of effective biomarkers in anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA)-negative rheumatoid arthritis (RA) impedes early diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to identify novel autoantibodies in RA and verify their diagnostic values in ACPA-negative RA based on protein microarray technology.MethodsA total of 1011 sera from 559 RA (276 ACPA-positive and 283 ACPA-negative), 239 disease controls (DCs) and 213 healthy controls (HCs) were collected and sampled on two sequential microarrays and ELISA and western blot (WB) detection, for novel autoantibodies discovery, validation and verification, respectively. The high-density protein microarray printed with a broad spectrum of recombinant human proteins was first employed to screen candidate autoantibodies, then focused microarrays composed of candidate autoantigens were used for validation, followed by ELISA and WB to verify the presence of the most promising candidates in ACPA-negative RA.ResultsNine novel autoantibodies were identified by two sequential microarrays with positivity 17.93%–27.59% and specificities >90% in ACPA-negative RA. Among these, anti-PTX3 and anti-DUSP11 autoantibodies presented with the highest sensitivity and were consistently verified by ELISA and WB. Pooling samples of all cohorts, the positivities of anti-PTX3 and anti-DUSP11 in ACPA-negative RA were 27.56% and 31.80%, respectively, similar to those in ACPA-positive RA, and significantly higher than in HCs (4.69% and 2.35%) and DCs (10.04% and 8.49%) (pConclusionAnti-PTX3 and anti-DUSP11 autoantibodies are newly identified biomarkers for diagnosis of ACPA-negative RA.

A finite element model based on Abaqus/Explicit is built. Micro cutting mechanism of Al7075 with different cutting depth is simulated and analyzed. The simulation results show that if the cutting depth is more than 10μm, the chip is a kind of continuous curl. If the cutting depth is less than 10μm, the chip is a kind of feathery squeeze debris. When the cutting depth is very small (3μm), the shape of chips is just like discontinuous wrinkle. By contrasting the simulation results of cutting force with its theoretical values, they have the same result. The model of the chip prediction could achieve ideal simulation results.

This paper introduced a kind of micro/nanomotion platform. The platform mainly includes 12 flexible hinges, piezoelectric ceramic driver (PZT), motion platform (loaded platform), pre-tightening force adjusting screw and so on. The orthogonal experiment method was used to the output displacement of the micro/nanoplatform. The relationship among the voltage, pre-tightening force and output displacement of the platform was analyzed. The factor level table of the output displacement was produced. The experimental system was established by Laser interferometer and pressure sensor, then the output displacement was obtained when the voltage ranges from 0V to 150V on the condition of every force (20N, 40N, 60N, 80N and 100N). The experimental result lays the foundation for the regression analysis of the output displacement of the platform.

Excessive inflammatory cytokines play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that pentaxin 3 (PTX3), an essential component of innate immunity, was elevated in RA and preferentially bound to CD14+ monocytes. C1q promoted the binding and resulted in increased cell proliferation, activation and caspase-1-related late apoptotic cells (7-AAD+annexin V+), as well as enhanced release of inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Serum from RA patients, compared with healthy controls, induced gasdermin D (GSDMD)-dependent pyroptosis in monocytes, and this ability was associated with disease activity. Moreover, PTX3 synergized with C1q to promote pyroptosis in RA-serum pre-incubated monocytes by coordinately enhancing NLRP3 inflammasome over-activation and inducing GSDMD cleavage, cell swelling with large bubbles, caspase-1-dependent cell death and inflammatory cytokine release including IL-6. On the other hand, IL-6 promoted PTX3 plus C1q-induced pyroptosis in both normal and RA serum pre-incubated monocytes. These findings collectively implicated an important role of IL-6 in driving PTX3 plus C1q-mediated pyroptosis in RA and shed lights on a potential new treatment strategy targeting pyroptosis-mediated persistent inflammatory cytokine release.

It is designed a Fast Tool Servo (FTS) device which based on piezoelectric ceramic and jointed by flexible hinge. The flexible hinge has been analyzed and optimized both by the theoretical calculation and finite element analysis; and it has been physically manufactured and tested by means of pressure sensor and laser interferometer. The stiffness model was established. The driving voltage and displacement relationship has been revealed. The results indicate that this FTS system can reach a travel range for 60μm,the frequency response precedes 150Hz within 39μm travel range.

The Fast Tool Servo (FTS) is widely used for the machining of micro-structures, especially for optical micro lens array. The working principle of FTS is that a voice coil motor or a piezoelectric (PZT) actuator is used as the driving elements, and the flexure hinges are developed as the guide mechanisms. In addition, an optical encoder is applied to measure the displacement. However, the existing design of FTS is too complicated and expensive. One reason is that the stroke of the FTS for the fabrication of optical micro lens array is only a few hundred micrometers, while its precision reaches to nanometric range, thus the optical encoder in not applicable. On the other hand, there exists sluggish and creep for piezoelectric materials, which makes the control of displacement difficult. This paper develops a displacement sensor embedded voice coil motor. In the design, the driving element is ampere force of the voice coil motor which is a linear ratio to the input current. Both the two covers are thin plates which serve as compliant mechanism by supporting the deformation at the Radial direction and provide linear stiffness in the axial direction. Therefore, the output displacement is proportional to the ampere force. The existence of external force affects the actual displacement, an embedded capacitor serves as displacement sensor will detects the real displacement, and the external force can be estimated by the current and measured displacement, which makes the motion control easy. At the same time, a multiphysics model of the developed FTS is built in this study by using finite element method and the displacement control under different cutting force is studied. The experimental results show that the developed FTS is efficient for achieving short stroke with high precision.

The optical structure has a large number of micro-structures, which has multiple arrays, complex free-form surface features. But those can not be achieved the requirements with traditional turning and grinding processing, it require to use high-frequency and micro-feed to get ultra-precision machining precision. After creating the 3D digital model of micro-displacement platform using Pro/Engineer, and analyzing the motion and the force, the paper studies the influencing factors about the rigidity and acceleration and explores the motion characteristics of the micro-displacement platform in the high-frequency control, and it the establishes the corresponding dynamics equation. The stiffness and linearity data is accessed after the micro-stage is simulated used by Admas and Ansys software. According to the above data, the structure of micro-stage is optimized in order to meet the ultra-precision machining accuracy and the quality of the workpiece. The research takes advantage of the favorable conditions of the Nanofabrication Laboratory, and it has completed the physical production of the micro-displacement platform supported by the introduction of innovative R&D team program of Guangdong Province, those provide a reliable experimental conditions for future in-depth study.

This paper introduced a kind of fast tool servo (FTS). Base on in the frame rack, flexible hinge, piezoelectric ceramic driver, tool base, diamond tools and so on. Laser interferometer is used for displacement measuring of the fast tool servo. The structure simulation was done to the FTS and the nature frequency was obtained. The output displacement of FTS was measured by Laser interferometer. Four kinds of different sin wave sign were given and the frequency of driving voltage ranged from 10Hz to 400 Hz. The relation of the displacement and the driving voltage frequency and the relation of displacement and the driving voltage had been established by experiment.

It is a FTS with flexible hinge that can be replaceable. It includes flexible hinges, a movable block, piezoelectric ceramic driver and framework. The flexible hinge is installed on inner side of the frame, and the other side is connected with the movable block. The piezoelectric ceramic driver is installed in movable block, and its other end is installed on the end beam of the frame. There is a tool base in the front end of the movable block on which the diamond tools can be fixed. Under the support of the flexible hinges, the tool can move back and front driven be piezoelectric ceramic driver. Through the simulation analyses with finite element technology and experiment, it is certify that the design of FTS is successful and practical to further study.

t presents the parallel mechanism and variable acceleration control method, which is composed of slider, connecting rod, moving platform and linear guide etc. The motion platform is supported by three connecting rods through hinging, the other end of the connecting rods are respectively hinged with two sliders. Among them two pairs of connecting rod, two sliders and the moving platform formed a symmetric structure that is the so called Parallel Mechanism. The third connecting rod is parallel to one of two connecting rods, so that the two parallel connecting rods, slide block and the moving platform formed a parallelogram structure, it makes that the moving platform is always parallel to liner guiderail in the process of movement. By controlling the two sliders moving in the way of variable acceleration, it can make the trajectory curve, speed curve and acceleration curve of the moving platform are continuous, smooth, so impact and vibration of the moving platform is limited in the operation process.

Adopting high-speed line scan industrial camera, through window function of the software to capture interested areas scanning by linear structured light, through image processing algorithms and splicing technique to extract 3D feature information of the detected object surface, combined with the camera calibration technology, calculated the three-dimensional coordinates of the detected object, and real-time displayed intuitive pseudo color map, monitored picture signal and weeded out unqualified products. Compared with similar systems at home and abroad, the system are real-time pseudo color graphics display, open system and lower cost.

This paper introduced a kind of fast tool servo (FTS) that its stiffness is adjustable. Based on in the frame rack, flexible hinge, piezoelectric ceramic driver, tool base, diamond tools and so on, a spring assembly appendixes on. The spring assembly is consisting of spring rack, the sleeve, spring, and lock circle etc. Spring rack is fixed in front of the frame rack; there is a screw hole in the middle of the spring rack; there is also a screw outer side of the sleeve that mounted through the screw hole. The spring is installed inside sleeve; one end of the spring contacts with the bottom of the sleeve, and the other end contacts with the flexible hinge on frame rack. It can adjust the force of the spring that presses to the flexible hinge by rotating the sleeve. Through replaced the spring, it can makes stiffness of the FTS changed. It is verified that the device has the stiffness adjustable function through calculation and simulation.

According to the microstructure characteristics of the optical components surface, the paper designs a bridge right-angle flexure hinge driven by a piezoelectric ceramic. It meets the driving micro-displacement magnification requirements and solves the coupling problem in work. Using the calculation formulas of statics and calculation formula of bending moment, the thesis explores the motion law of piezoelectric ceramics with 1KHZ excitation frequency. Through the exploration of the factors of bridge flexure hinge angle stiffness and tensile stiffness, the mathematical model of input displacement and output displacement is established. Studying the theory about the elimination of motion process coupling, it excavates the function relationships of flexure hinge angle and magnification. And the relationship is unearthed among driving force of piezoelectric ceramic, the flexure hinge stiffness, cutting force and mass of cutter system. The paper establishes their mathematical model between the above elements and the output micro-displacement, and the theoretical result is calculated by Matlab. Finally, using Pro/Engineer 3D digital modeling and analysis of simulation results by Ansys, it is found that the error can be controlled in an acceptable range by comparing the theoretical results with simulation results. Through the above analysis, the theoretical design is found to be reliable and effective.

The Fast-Tool-Servo (FTS) is widely used for micro-structure manufacturing especially for micro optical lens. The working principle of FTS presented by Qiang Liu et.al is that, a voice coil motor and a piezoelectric（PZT） actuator are used as the driving elements, and two flexure hinges are developed as the guide mechanisms. However, vertical displacement jump happens when the flexure hinges are driven by a voice coil motor or a piezoelectric actuator. In this paper, a new amplified structure is presented, allowing the horizontal motion while reducing the vertical displacement jump. The working principle is that, the piezoelectric actuator is applied to a beam which has two flexure hinges, one is linked to the frame, and the other is linked to a tool holder which is situated through two parallel membranes. When the piezoelectric actuator deforms, the beam will rotate around the frame, while the displacement is amplified at the other end, causing the tool holder’s motion and the membranes are forced to bend, while the vertical motion is restrained by the membranes. As a result, the presented membrane based flexure structure is able to amplify the motion of the piezoelectric actuator. In addition, the vibration frequency of the membrane is easy to be adjusted by the preloaded force. It is important to know when the FTS is working at different frequency. The performance of the presented structure is analyzed by structural dynamics coupled with piezoelectric, and the parameters of the structure are optimized to remain linear relation between the tool holder and the piezoelectric actuator, while the vertical displacement jump is much smaller than the structure presented in reference.

Basis on a series of investigation and study, the rotation speed of helmet, the moving speed of spraying gun and spraying angle are of greater impact on the final spraying qualities than others. The spraying process of helmet is simulated with UG NX. After analysis for the spraying trajectories, the optimal speed of the helmet rotation and spraying gun movement are obtained. There are several coating thickness deposition model with a wide range of applications, such as the Gaussian model, finite range model, and β distribution model. Using MATLAB to test the path of the spraying, according to the simulation and adjusting the speed of helmet's rotation and gun's movement, the desired spraying result has achieved. In addition, users can know the approximate results before spraying.

A filtration system is designed for vacuum coating according to special requests. 3D model for system is established and analysed. Some parts of the system are introduced, such as important component, pipeline layout and analysis under external load. According to the principle of selection about important parts which contain vacuum pump and pressure tank, suitable parameters of parts can be confirmed. Modifying corresponding parameters can rebuild 3D model to realize FEA. Better parameters combination can be obtained by the means of contrast between the old and new model. That optimization of structure can make the medium of pipeline smoother and reduce complex pipe to realize cost savings as far as possible. Improving variables of filtration system can improve the efficiency of work.

Modal analysis was done to steel shaft and rubber shaft, and their top ten orders of nature frequency were obtained. The lowest nature frequency of steel shaft is 64HZ and the rubber steel’s is 2.2463HZ. Doppler vibration measurement was done to main shaft of paper advance mechanism and the time domain signal and frequency domain signal were obtained when the rotational speed is 80, 160, 240, 320, 400 Rpm. The frequency and amplitude were obtained by signal analysis. It proves that the nature frequency of steel main shaft is much higher than measuring result, but the seventh and eighth order nature frequency of rubber material is in accord with measuring result of laser doppler vibration.

Painting is one of the most important processes in decorating industrial product. But the vacuum container is the key of vacuum painting equipment. This paper analyzes the principle of dismountable vacuum container’s structure and establishes its basic physical model and simulates its environment load by the finite element software, then analyzes the important component and obtains the index of reliability and safety of dismountable vacuum container. According to the classic theory of elastic thin plate, the accuracy of the results of finite element analysis is proved. Then the further optimization design and the further finite element analysis are utilized to optimize the important component of vacuum container, finally the results meet the requirements.

It introduced the application of the behavioral modeling technique and the finite element analysis to optimize the packaging container structure design. Here showed an example about a design process of a certain volume beverage bottle. Firstly, through determining the design targets, analysis the design parameters and iterated calculation for these parameters, the construction and dimension of the container which meet the design targets can be obtained initially. On this basis, the stress on the container can be emulated using finite element analysis. After the strength factor to be considered, the design proposal of the packaging container is the optimized one finally.

This paper presents a manual moving and lifting worktable. This worktable consists of roof, base,cross frame, wheels, lifting device, wire driving two-way ratchet and parallelogram steering structure. It can do some action such as moving, turning and lifting through the manual operation for the application of warehouse, logistics, and indoor maintenance. The paper analyses the principle and structure of the worktable, especially on the design and work principle of two-way ratchet. The design is satisfied by built a real model.

This paper presents a two-dimensional movement and the one-dimensional rotating 3 DOF robot that can be used to pick up, delivery and place riveting column, thin axis (referred to as riveting column) and other parts, forming the assembly systems of riveting of sheet metal. In addition to the robot, the system also has moving table, clamp, a number of riveting column station and spin riveter etc. Moving table is equipped with the clamp, it can move in the X and Y directions, respectively. The clamp that fixed the sheet metal work-piece can move in Z-direction, which make it easy for assembling the riveting axis into the riveting holes on the work-piece. Robot can move along the Y axis and swing around the Z axis, make the nozzle that is in the end of manipulator move between riveting column stations and spin riveter, which pick up and place the riveting column. A number of riveting column station is used for store riveting column and sorting them. Spin riveter rotates while moving along the Z axis at the same time, by pressure and rotational force it completes the column riveting on sheet metal parts.

It is proposed that the design and operation process of the automatic position block for the holes punching used for the angle steel of transmission tower structure. It consists of position block, slide block, screw, nut, motor, and controller. If the anchor points have been set, the hole punching position can be anchored automatically, and setting the anchor points are easy operated. It can equipped in punching press, and improve greatly the current hole punching process.

This paper puts forward a new method of 3D measurement which based on the color coding structure light technology, projects the specific color coding grating to a Calibration board in RGB three color space, gets the straight line equation of grating which projected to Calibration board in the world coordinate system, obtains each projection plane of code through plane fitting, then joins the projection planes and the object imaging straight strips which through the camera focus, it can be get that the three dimensional coordinates of the objects. This method is simple and reliable; only need one camera and one projector without scanning; only one image is needed to get the information of a full frame depth image. It is suitable for high speed, real-time online measurement.

A turntable device that can work in spray rack is introduced in this paper. The device can drive the workpieces hanging in the turntable revolute and rotate. The 3d software has been used to design the modeling, and calculated the gear parameters according the requirements of turning, such as allowable stress. Finally the device can meet the technological requirements, automatic and stress. It also got a satisfying result at the application in practical production.

The Auto Rivet-Placing System was designed to replace the existing manual operation which was hard to ensure the precision and the inefficiencies caused by human fatigue. The paper analyzed the details of the whole system including the transmission, drive, and control of the mechanisms especially manipulator and plat. The model of manipulator and other mechanisms in the system were designed in the human-oriented modeling environment of Pro/E especially some important parts. The control system was at work with image positioning technology.

In modern machining processes, Gantry Machining Center is one of the most important machine tools. Moreover, beam components directly relate to the overall performance. From multi-body simulation (MBS) and finite element analysis (FEA) respectively, the paper discusses current state of the multi-body dynamics modelling of the machine tool components in domestic and overseas. In this paper, We adopt a method, the multi-flexible body dynamics(MFBD) modeling method for machine tool transmission components (linear guidance and ball screw drives) in software Recurdyn, to create the conditions for MFBD simulation analysis of the beam components system. Much more, it provides a way of MFBD modelling for machine tools components in both the high-speed and high-performance.

The self-moving Silent Piler based on the pile reaction force is a new kind of construction equipment by static pressure hydraulic pressure, which utilizes reaction force derived from fully installed cement column to support the silent piler body. The construction characteristics and working principle of the silent piler have been discussed in this paper. The structure of the device has been designed. The FEA to the main stress components and force has been analyzed.

The relationship between the process parameters and bonding quality is very complicated due to the features of non-linear and coupling relation. It’s therefore hard to express their relationship in an exact mathematic model and very difficult to obtain an reasonable parameters setting to get high bonding quality. In this paper, a wire bonding process model based on BP(Back Propagation) neural network is proposed, and based on this model a computer-aided process design system for bonding quality improvement is developed through VC++6.0. Based on the training data from design of experiments (DoE), the BP network is built. The system is validated by test data and the testing result shows that the predicted error is samll and reasonable and the system developed can be used for parameter optimization and quality improvement.