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Background: Although white matter hyperintensity (WMH) is closely associated with cognitive decline, the precise neurobiological mechanisms underlying this relationship are not fully elucidated. Connectome studies have identified a primary‐to‐transmodal gradient in functional brain networks that support the spectrum from sensation to cognition. However, whether connectome gradient structure is altered as WMH progresses and how this alteration is associated with WMH‐related cognitive decline remain unknown. Methods: A total of 758 WMH individuals completed cognitive assessment and resting‐state functional MRI (rs‐fMRI). The functional connectome gradient was reconstructed based on rs‐fMRI by using a gradient decomposition framework. Interrelations among the spatial distribution of WMH, functional gradient measures, and specific cognitive domains were explored. Results: As the WMH volume increased, the executive function (r = −0.135, p = 0.001) and information‐processing speed (r = −0.224, p = 0.001) became poorer, the gradient range (r = −0.099, p = 0.006), and variance (r = −0.121, p < 0.001) of the primary‐to‐transmodal gradient reduced. A narrower gradient range (r = 0.131, p = 0.001) and a smaller gradient variance (r = 0.136, p = 0.001) corresponded to a poorer executive function. In particular, the relationship between the frontal/occipital WMH and executive function was partly mediated by gradient range/variance of the primary‐to‐transmodal gradient. Conclusions: These findings indicated that WMH volume, the primary‐to‐transmodal gradient, and cognition were interrelated. The detrimental effect of the frontal/occipital WMH on executive function was partly mediated by the decreased differentiation of the connectivity pattern between the primary and transmodal areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A key to the content diversity on user‐generated content platforms is what subject users choose to contribute on. This research investigates how two factors can shape contributors' subject choice decisions, namely, the amount of existing content and content contributed by online friends or "friend content." Our experimental findings show that both the amount of existing content and friend content can shape a contributor's subject choice decisions: ceteris paribus, contributors prefer subjects with less existing content and ones with friend content when the amount of existing content is the same. In addition, contributors' preference for subjects with friend content weakens as the amount of existing content on other subject's decreases. Our findings hold important implications for research and practice in user‐generated content platforms and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) are oral mesenchymal stem cells capable of self‐renewal and have a potential for multilineage differentiation. Increasing evidence shows that microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in stem cell biology. Here, we focused on exploring miR‐146a‐5p and its relationship to the undifferentiated status of STRO‐1+ SCAPs and STRO‐1+ DPSCs, as well as its role during STRO‐1+ DPSC differentiation and proliferation. Our data indicated that baseline miR‐146a‐5p expression is significantly lower in STRO‐1+ SCAPs than in STRO‐1+ DPSCs and increased in the latter during osteogenic induction. Moreover, we identified miR‐146a‐5p as a key miRNA that promotes osteo/odontogenic differentiation of STRO‐1+ DPSCs and attenuates cell proliferation. Additionally, it was observed that STRO‐1+ DPSC mineralization results in the downregulation of notch receptor 1 (NOTCH1) and hes family bHLH transcription factor 1 (HES1). Interference with neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1 (Notch 1) signaling was verified to enhance differentiation and suppress STRO‐1+ DPSC proliferation. It was further observed that miR‐146a‐5p directly targets the 3′‐untranslated region (3′‐UTR) of NOTCH1 and inhibits expression of both NOTCH1 and HES1mRNAs and Notch 1 and transcription factor HES‐1 (HES‐1) proteins in STRO‐1+ DPSCs. We conclude that miR‐146a‐5p exerts its regulatory effect on STRO‐1+ DPSC differentiation and proliferation partially by suppressing Notch signaling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding relative statures of channels for disseminating knowledge is of practical interest to both generators and consumers of knowledge flows. For generators, stature can influence attractiveness of alternative dissemination routes and deliberations of those who assess generator performance. For knowledge consumers, channel stature may influence knowledge content to which they are exposed. This study introduces a novel approach to conceptualizing and measuring stature of knowledge-dissemination channels: the power-impact (PI) technique. It is a flexible technique having 3 complementary variants, giving holistic insights about channel stature by accounting for both attraction of knowledge generators to a distribution channel and degree to which knowledge consumers choose to use a channel's knowledge content. Each PI variant is expressed in terms of multiple parameters, permitting customization of stature evaluation to suit its user's preferences. In the spirit of analytics, each PI variant is driven by objective evidence of actual behaviors. The PI technique is based on 2 building blocks: (a) power that channels have for attracting results of generators' knowledge work, and (b) impact that channel contents' exhibit on prospective recipients. Feasibility and functionality of the PI-technique design are demonstrated by applying it to solve a problem of journal stature evaluation for the information-systems discipline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]