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Efficient neutrophil migration to infection sites plays a vital role in the body's defense against bacterial infections and natural immune responses. Neutrophils have a short lifespan and cannot be mass‐cultured in vitro. Therefore, developing more stable artificial neutrophils (AN) in a controllable manner has become a research focus. However, existing AN lack chemotaxis, which is the ability to migrate toward high‐signal‐concentration positions in a dynamic blood‐ flow environment. Supplying AN with chemotaxis is key to designing AN that are more similar to natural neutrophils in terms of morphology and function. In this study, micrometer‐sized, spherical, biocompatible AN are developed. These AN consist of zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 nanoparticles encapsulating two enzymes, coacervate droplet frameworks, and outer phospholipid bilayers carrying enzymes. The AN exhibit responsiveness to elevated hydrogen peroxide levels at inflammation sites, actively chemotaxing toward these sites along concentration gradients. They also demonstrate effective combat against Staphylococcus aureus infections. The capabilities of the AN are further validated through in vitro experiments and in vivo evaluations using vascular graft infection models. This study replicates natural neutrophils in terms of chemical composition, functionality, and physiological impact. It introduces new ideas for advancing the development of advanced artificial cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micropropagation is very important for rapid clonal propagation and scientific research of woody plants. However, the micropropagated materials usually show hyperhydricity, which seriously hinders application of the micropropagation. Lycium ruthenicum is an important species of eco-economic forests. Herein, treatment of 'starvation and drying combined with 30 μM AgNO3' (SDCAg+) removed serious hyperhydricity of L. ruthenicum buds regenerated from its green-inflorescence-explants, and then gene expression, metabolites of various phytohormones, chloroplasts, chlorophyll (Chl) and total soluble proteins of the hyperhydric and dehyperhydric leaves were compared and analyzed. The results suggested that the SDCAg+ treatment might remove hyperhydricity of L. ruthenicum through: reducing water uptake; increasing water loss; up-regulating the expression of chloroplast-ribosomal-protein genes from nuclear genome; down-regulating the expression of cytoplasmic-ribosomal-protein genes; up-regulating the synthesis of the total soluble proteins; restoring the lamellar structure of chloroplast grana and matrix; improving Chl synthesis and reducing Chl metabolism; increasing expression of light-harvesting Chl protein complex genes and content of Chla and b; up-regulating both photosynthesis and starch and sucrose metabolism KEGG pathways; up-regulating abscisic acid, salicylic acid and their signaling; down-regulating cytokinin, jasmonic acid, jasmonoyl- l -isoleucine and their signaling. Also, the above events interact to form a regulatory network of dehyperhydricity by SDCAg+ treatment. Overall, the study indicated key genes/pathways and physiological/subcellular changes involved in dehyperhydricity and then established a dehyperhydric mechanism model of L. ruthenicum. This not only proposed clues for preventing or removing hyperhydricity but also laid foundations for molecular breeding of L. ruthenicum and other species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We developed two models in this study: one to show the distribution of heat for pans of different shapes, and the other to select the best type of pan to maximize the number of pans that can fit in the oven and to maximize even heat distribution in the pans. We constructed a model of heat distribution. The uneven distribution of heat is mainly caused by heat conduction. We established a differential equation for heat conduction according to Fourier's law. The finite-difference method and Gauss-Seidel iteration were used to solve the equation, and MATLAB was used to draw the corresponding heat-distribution chart. We built a quantitative model of the shape optimization with an evaluation equation. Using the permutation and combination method, we calculated the maximum number of pans and the utilization rate of area. Finally, we determined that the optimal pan type is a round square, which achieved the best state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyethylene oxide (PEO)-based electrolytes are essential to advance all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) with high safety/energy density due to their inherent flexibility and scalability. However, the inefficient Li+ transport in PEO often leads to poor rate performance and diminished stability of the ASSLBs. The regulation of intermolecular H-bonds is regarded as one of the most effective approaches to enable efficient Li+ transport, while the practical performances are hindered by the electrochemical instability of free H-bond donors and the constrained mobility of highly ordered H-bonding structures. To overcome these challenges, we develop a surface-confined disordered H-bond system with stable donor-acceptor interactions to construct a loosened chain segments/ions arrangement in the bulk phase of PEO-based electrolytes, realizing the crystallization inhibition of PEO, weak coordination of Li+ and entrapment of anions, which are conducive to efficient Li+ transport and stable Li+ deposition. The rationally designed LiFePO4-based ASSLB demonstrates a long cycle-life of over 400 cycles at 1.0 C and 65 °C with a capacity retention rate of 87.5%, surpassing most of the currently reported polymer-based ASSLBs. This work highlights the importance of confined disordered H-bonds on Li+ transport in an all-solid-state battery system, paving the way for the future design of polymer-based ASSLBs., (© 2025 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)