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Background: Among oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs), imeglimin (Twymeeg) would be in focus. Case Presentation: The patient in this case is a 58-year-old female with a history of obesity and previous operations for posterior longitudinal ligament ossification. In early September 2022, she developed dizziness and a general feeling of unwellness, leading to a diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) with an HbA1c level of 11.1%. Result: The patient was treated with a low carbohydrate diet (LCD) and Twymeeg, resulting in a significant decrease in HbA1c levels from 11.1% to 9.0%, 6.7%, and 5.9% over the course of three months. Pre-prandial and post-prandial blood glucose levels were measured with great accuracy. Discussion and Conclusion: The administration of Twymeeg was found to be effective in reducing the patient’s HbA1c levels, and the relationship between HbA1c and glucose variability could be further investigated based on these results.

Background: Oral semaglutide (Rybelsus) has been in focus for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Case Presentation: The patient is a 73-year-old male with T2D treated with metformin, Ipragliflozin, and rosuvastatin. He was diagnosed with depression by the Geriatric depression scale (GDS) with a stable condition by mirtazapine. His diabetic control was exacerbated to HbA1c 8.8% and weight 63.5kg in Feb 2022. Results: He started to take Rybelsus, and then clinical improvement was found as HbA1c 6.9% and weight 57.5kg for 4 months. Discussion: Remarkable effect of HbA1c and weight may be from longer fasting time after post-med, and regular lifestyle from the stable psychosomatic situation.

The case is an 82-year-old female patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) for 22 years. She developed right empyema in early January, 2021 and was treated by antibiotics and CT-guided drainage. After improving the status, she was transferred to Hayashi hospital, Tokushima, Japan. Treatment for T2DM was initially multiple daily insulin injection (MDI), but it could not continue because of injection several times a day by the family. Then, Xultophy was started once a day, which brought satisfactory glucose variability with lower doses. Consequently, Xultophy would be effective and useful agent from bio-psycho-social points of view.

Elucidation of dynamic interactions between RNA and proteins is essential for understanding the biological processes regulated by RNA, such as RNA interference (RNAi). In this study, the logical chemical probes, comprising 7-bromo-7-deazaadenosine (Br7C7A) and 3-bromo-3-deazaadenosine (Br3C3A), to investigate small interfering RNA (siRNA)–RNAi related protein interactions, were developed. The bromo substituents of Br7C7A and Br3C3A are expected to be located in the major and the minor grooves, respectively, and to act as a steric hindrance in each groove when these chemical probes are incorporated into siRNAs. A comprehensive investigation using siRNAs containing these chemical probes revealed that (i) Br3C3A(s) at the 5′-end of the passenger strand enhanced their RNAi activity, and (ii) the direction of RISC assembly is determined by the interaction between Argonaute2, which is the main component of RISC, and siRNA in the minor groove near the 5′-end of the passenger strand. Utilization of these chemical probes enables the investigation of the dynamic interactions between RNA and proteins.

We report the synthesis, properties, and in vitro and in vivo applications of 2'-O-methoxyethyl-4'-thioRNA (MOE-SRNA), a novel type of hybrid chemically modified RNA. In its hybridization with complementary RNA, MOE-SRNA showed a moderate improvement of Tm value (+3.4 °C relative to an RNA:RNA duplex). However, the results of a comprehensive comparison of the nuclease stability of MOE-SRNA relative to 2'-O-methoxyethylRNA (MOERNA), 2'-O-methyl-4'-thioRNA (Me-SRNA), 2'-O-methylRNA (MeRNA), 4'-thioRNA (SRNA), and natural RNA revealed that MOE-SRNA had the highest stability (t1/2 >48 h in human plasma). Because of the favorable properties of MOE-SRNA, we evaluated its in vitro and in vivo potencies as an anti-microRNA oligonucleotide against miR-21. Although the in vitro potency of MOE-SRNA was moderate, its in vivo potency was significant for the suppression of tumor growth (similar to that of MOERNA).

アクリル酸 t-ブチルのリビングアニオン重合を利用して，α 位にヒドロキシル基，ω 位にカルボキシル基を有するスチリル基含有ポリアクリル酸 t-ブチルを合成した．次に，その分子内環化反応を高度希釈条件下で行い，スチリル基を有する環状ポリアクリル酸 t-ブチルを調製した．最後に，ギ酸で処理することにより，ポリアクリル酸 t-ブチル部位をポリアクリル酸に誘導し，環状ポリアクリル酸に基づいた環状マクロモノマー(St-c-PAA)を得た．St-c-PAA の存在下で，N-イソプロピルアクリルアミド(NIPAAm)のラジカル共重合を行い，共重合過程で起こる糸通しによって形成される可動性架橋ゲルを得た．得られたゲルの膨潤度は水溶液の pH に大きく依存した．このような pH 依存性は，架橋点を構成する環状ポリアクリル酸鎖の構造変化によって，架橋点の可動性が大きく変わったことに起因すると考えられる．

A pentamethylcyclotrisiloxane moiety was introduced into cyclic polystyrene (cPSt) and cyclic PDMS (cPDMS) to obtain noncovalent cross-linking agents, D3-cPSt and D3-cPDMS, respectively. Anionic ring-opening polymerization of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) in nitrobenzene was carried out in the presence of D3-cPSt to obtain a cloudy white PDMS gel as a precipitation. On the other hand, bulk copolymerization of D3-cPDMS with D4 proceeded in a homogeneous state to give a colorless transparent PDMS gel in high yield. The formation of mechanically linked PDMS with movable cross-linking was indicated by control experiment. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 5882–5890, 2009