Search

This study examines how the probability of becoming a professional football player depends on the birth month (relative age effect) and birth order. These two factors are random and cannot be controlled by the athlete. If these factors influence the probability of the occurrence of top athletes, they not only create inequality but also close the disciplines to potentially talented athletes, lowering the level of competition. Therefore, in this study, we statistically clarified the presence or absence of “giftedness of life” by focusing on the birth month and birth order of professional football league players in the Japan Professional Football League (J-League). Our results indicate that the probability of the occurrence of J-League players decreases significantly with increasing birth order and birth month (180 days, from April onward). Moreover, we found that second-born players with an older brother had higher estimated salaries than players without siblings. These results reveal the characteristics of excellent football players and suggest the importance and direction of improvement in talent discovery and development in sports. Based on our results, we recommend improvements in the player training system to buffer the effects of relative age effect and birth order.

The present experiment was undertaken to investigate the sequence of postural muscle activities involved in rapidly standing on the toes from a variety of standing positions. By varying the angle of incline of the platform on which the subject was standing, it was possible to study changes in the adaptability of the anticipatory postural muscle activity. Results showed that the initial inclination of the platform had a significant effect on the duration of soleus muscle activity and the onset and duration of tibialis anterior muscle activity. It appears that preparatory and focal motor activity can be modulated in an adaptive way according to the change in movement mechanics resulting from standing on an inclined platform.

Are there few female soccer players competing at the high level born between January 1st and April 1st same as male players? This research was to clarify whether the tendency about month of birth could be affected by competition levels and start ages of soccer for the female players belonging to the L league and the university league. The results were as follows: 1 . There were few female players born between January 1st and April 1st in the L league and the university league of the 1st division. This result was same as male soccer players belonging to the J league. 2. The female players registered with the university league of the 2nd division did not show same tendency with the 1st division, or rather there were more players born between January 1st and April 1st. 3 . Dividing the university league players into the groups that starting soccer younger than age 14 and older than that and researched their month of birth. The former group showed the obvious tendency that few players born between January 1st and April 1st. In contrast, the later group did not show the same tendency.

The purpose of this paper is to clarify our students needs to internship course in sports business. Students responded to questionnaire which has 63 items. The following results were obtained. 1 Many students wanted to get information of their internship before their practicum. 2 Many students are satisfied with their internship and they recommended this course for their juniors. 3 50% students didn't want to work same job field what they practiced.

The purpose of this paper is to clarify our student's needs to internship course in sports business. Students responded to questionnaire which has 20 items. The following results were obtained. 1 Many students want to get information of their internship which accepts them before their practicum. 2 Many students are satisfied with their internship and they recommended this course for their juniors.

The environment around LAN in this junior college was drastically improved through various actions by the committee of domestic information system for a year. And so, authors want to propose policies for improving "information literacy" of students in this junior college. The students often use browser on portable telephone. They are not able to smooth input by keyboard on PC, though they are able to operate mouse on PC. There is fear such situation causes problems when students select their course after graduation. And so, authors developed "one stop portal system". It is a system they are able to access requiring information in minimum clicks, for example "information which is useful for recruiting activity" and "internal reports in this junior college," web mail which is exclusive use of the students (it is available from extramural)", and so on, and in addition, "retrieval site"available from identical page. And, authors have developed "contents available from portable telephone"and"broadcasting VOD (video on demand) system" available from ubiquitous places for 24 hours as a strategy for rising motivation of learning. Authors expect that their self-direction is demonstrated strongly by these policies.

The purpose of the this paper is to clarify our students needs to internship course in sports buiseness. Students responded to a questionnaire which has 20 items.The following results were obtained. 1Many students want to get information of their enterprises which accept them before their pracuticum. 2 Many students are satisfied with their internship and they recommnded this course for their juniors.

The purpose of the this paper is to clarify our students needs to course of internship in sports buiseness. Students responded to questionnaire, which has 20 items. We examined the results. 1 Many studenst want to get information of their enterprises which accept them before their pracuticum. 2 Many students are satisfied with their internship and they recommnded this course for their juniors.

The correlation of the degree of the Hoffmann (H-) reflex depression induced by a passive stretch of the soleus muscle (Sol) and the excitability of the motoneuron (MN) pool was investigated in 24 healthy human subjects. The excitability of the Sol MN pool was determined by the ratio of the slope of the H-reflex (Hslp) and M-response recruitment curves (Mslp). The Hslp/Mslp ratio was decreased by a passive stretch of the Sol given 1 s before the H-reflex stimulus, and was significantly correlated with the amount of the H-reflex depression. These results suggest that the excitability of the MN pool assessed by the H-reflex method depends on the presynaptic mechanism involved in the efficiency of transmission across the synapses of Ia afferents in response to repetitive discharge.