Author: "Kazuro Furukawa" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

108 results on '"Kazuro Furukawa"'

1. Development of wide area environment accelerator operation and diagnostics method

Author: Akito Uchiyama and Kazuro Furukawa
Subjects: Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Remote operation and diagnostic systems for particle accelerators have been developed for beam operation and maintenance in various situations. Even though fully remote experiments are not necessary, the remote diagnosis and maintenance of the accelerator is required. Considering remote-operation operator interfaces (OPIs), the use of standard protocols such as the hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) is advantageous, because system-dependent protocols are unnecessary between the remote client and the on-site server. Here, we have developed a client system based on WebSocket, which is a new protocol provided by the Internet Engineering Task Force for Web-based systems, as a next-generation Web-based OPI using the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System Channel Access protocol. As a result of this implementation, WebSocket-based client systems have become available for remote operation. Also, as regards practical application, the remote operation of an accelerator via a wide area network (WAN) faces a number of challenges, e.g., the accelerator has both experimental device and radiation generator characteristics. Any error in remote control system operation could result in an immediate breakdown. Therefore, we propose the implementation of an operator intervention system for remote accelerator diagnostics and support that can obviate any differences between the local control room and remote locations. Here, remote-operation Web-based OPIs, which resolve security issues, are developed.
Published: 2015
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2. Control of the Rotatable-Quadrupole Magnet Angle for a 3-D Spiral Injection Test Experiment

Author: Honoka Hirayama, Hiromi Iinuma, Muhammad A. Rehman, Satoshi Ohsawa, Hirohiko Someya, Hisayoshi Nakayama, Kazuro Furukawa, and Tsutomu Mibe
Subjects: Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Published: 2022

3. Design and construction of an electron accelerator for a pulsed neutron facility at AIST

Author: Norihiro Sei, Hidetoshi Kato, T. Shishido, Hiroshi Ogawa, Takeshi Fujiwara, Kazuro Furukawa, Nagayasu Oshima, Daisuke Satoh, Noriyosu Hayashizaki, Koichi Kino, Yo Tomota, Akira Watazu, Brian E. O'Rourke, Takemi Muroga, Ryoichi Suzuki, Koji Michishio, Hiroyuki Toyokawa, Kazuyuki Nigorikawa, Michihiro Furusaka, Ryunosuke Kuroda, Masahito Tanaka, and Takashi Obina
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Klystron, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear engineering, Pulse duration, Particle accelerator, Neutron radiation, 01 natural sciences, Cathode, law.invention, law, 0103 physical sciences, Neutron, Instrumentation, Beam (structure), Electron gun
Abstract: A new electron accelerator has been designed and is now under construction at AIST, Tsukuba, Japan. The accelerator will be used to produce a pulsed neutron beam for materials analysis. The design maximizes the yield of slow neutrons with high pulse temporal resolution as described in a previous publication [K. Kino et al., Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, A 927 (2019) 407–418]. The accelerator is composed of a thermal cathode type electron gun with S-Band buncher/accelerator cavity followed by three, 2.9 m long S-Band acceleration cavities. High power RF is supplied by three klystron units, with klystron No.1 supplying both the electron gun and the 1st cavity, and klystrons No.2 and No.3 connected to the 2nd and 3rd cavities respectively. The design parameters of the accelerator are; pulse rate: 100 Hz, pulse length: 10 μs, electron current: 250 mA, electron energy: 40 MeV. Operating at these parameters a maximum beam power of around 10 kW will be delivered to the water-cooled Ta target for neutron production. In this report we will describe the design and construction of the electron accelerator.
Published: 2020

4. Angle Detection Using Gyro Signals Rotating Around Four Orthogonally Aligned Axes

Author: Eiki Okuyama, Kazuro Furukawa, Tatsuya Kume, Masanori Satoh, and Tsuyoshi Suwada
Subjects: Physics, 0209 industrial biotechnology, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Scale factor, 01 natural sciences, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, 010309 optics, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, business, Earth's rotation
Abstract: An angle sensor can be used to evaluate profiles without any shape references. We regard it suitable for evaluating a large profile and consider a gyro as an angle sensor for evaluating a profile larger than 100 m with an accuracy of better than 1 mm. A gyro can evaluate profiles without restrictions in span or direction; however, angles detected by a gyro typically fluctuate unacceptably for our purpose. We demonstrate that periodical reversal measurement by flipping a gyro is effective in reducing the effect of the fluctuation. Then, we rotate the gyro for continuously realizing the reversal, where the angles of the gyro’s rotating axis against the earth’s rotating axis can be derived without being affected by the fluctuation, and can be used as an angle sensor. Here, we consider a new method using gyro signals rotating around four orthogonally aligned axes. This can improve the accuracy of the derived angles by eliminating the effects of the gyro’s scale factor as well as the fluctuations.
Published: 2020

5. SuperKEKB operation using crab waist collision scheme

Author: Xiangyu Zhou, S. Nakamura, Michiru Nishiwaki, Takashi Mori, Toshiyuki Oki, Katsunobu Oide, H. Sugimura, Hiroshi Kaji, Masafumi Tawada, Hitomi Ikeda, Toshihiro Mimashi, R. Ueki, Yusuke Suetsugu, Shinji Terui, Demin Zhou, S. Enomoto, Yasushi Arimoto, Haruyo Koiso, G. Mitsuka, Zhanguo Zong, T. Miyajima, R. Yang, Akio Morita, Xudong Wang, Tatsuro Nakamura, Yoshihiro Funakoshi, Kyo Shibata, Kazuro Furukawa, Mitsuo Kikuchi, Kazuhito Ohmi, T. Yoshimoto, Kota Kodama, Hitoshi Fukuma, S. Yoshimoto, Hiroshi Sugimoto, Ken Watanabe, Takuya Kamitani, M. A. Rehman, Kazunori Akai, T. Kobayashi, Kazumi Egawa, Kota Nakanishi, Tetsuo Abe, Takuya Ishibashi, S. Ogasawara, Norihito Ohuchi, Mika Masuzawa, Yukiyoshi Ohnishi, Yuji Seimiya, Makoto Tobiyama, Fusashi Miyahara, T. Kawamoto, Naoko Iida, and S. Iwabuchi
Subjects: Scheme (programming language), Physics, Low emittance, Waist, Luminosity (scattering theory), Interaction point, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Physics and Astronomy, Collision, law.invention, Nuclear physics, symbols.namesake, law, symbols, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Collider, computer, Beta function, computer.programming_language
Abstract: SuperKEKB is an electron–positron asymmetric-energy double-ring collider, which was built in Japan. It has been operated to explore new phenomena in B-meson decays. Hence, extremely higher luminosity is required. A collision scheme of low emittance with a large Piwinski angle called a “nano-beam scheme” has been adopted to achieve higher luminosity by squeezing the vertical beta function at the interaction point to be smaller than the bunch length. A “crab waist collision scheme” proposed by P. Raimondi et al. has also been adopted to improve the luminosity performance. The article presents an overview of the operation of the nano-beam and crab waist collision schemes at SuperKEKB.
Published: 2021

6. Newly constructed compact accelerator-based neutron facility at AIST

Author: Noriyosu Hayashizaki, Takemi Muroga, Norihiro Sei, Michihiro Furusaka, Ryunosuke Kuroda, Takashi Obina, Kazuro Furukawa, Hiroyuki Toyokawa, Masahito Tanaka, Yo Tomota, Brian E. O'Rourke, Hiroshi Ogawa, Kazuyuki Nigorikawa, Hidetoshi Kato, T. Shishido, Nagayasu Oshima, Koji Michishio, Ryoichi Suzuki, Daisuke Satoh, Akira Watazu, Koichi Kino, and Takeshi Fujiwara
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Physics, Nuclear engineering, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, QC1-999, Nuclear Theory, 02 engineering and technology, Neutron radiation, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Electron linear accelerator, Beamline, 0103 physical sciences, Neutron source, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Neutron, 0210 nano-technology, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We have constructed a compact accelerator-based neutron facility at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) in Japan aiming at development of structural materials of transportation vehicles for weight reduction. The facility consists of electron linear accelerator, neutron source, and a neutron beamline with a measurement hutch. Currently we are commissioning the accelerator and expecting a first neutron beam in 2019.
Published: 2020

7. HE-LHC: The High-Energy Large Hadron Collider Future Circular Collider Conceptual Design Report Volume 4

Author: Pushpalatha C Bhat, B. Seeber, C. Pagliarone, Marco Statera, Victor P. Goncalves, Daria Astapovych, W. Bartmann, S. Iwamoto, M. Mentink, Alessandro Tricoli, E. R. Bielert, Laurent Chevalier, Patrick Koppenburg, Marco Calviani, C. Montag, P. Spiller, Jan Uythoven, P. Di Nezza, G. Guillermo Canton, B. Sailer, Markus Elsing, Sara Khatibi, Luca Vecchi, Luigi Palumbo, J. P. Penttinen, T. Podzorny, Maneesh Kumar, J. M. Rifflet, C. Kotnig, Jean Zinn-Justin, Christopher B. Verhaaren, A. Chernoded, Alessandro Bertarelli, L. M. Tkachenko, C. Koeberl, P. J. Mallon, M. Takeuchi, W. Venturini Delsolaro, G. Lamanna, S. Weinzierl, J. Gao, W. Kaabi, David D'Enterria, D. Barna, Paolo Castelnovo, Rajat Gupta, Oliver Boine-Frankenheim, Adarsh Pyarelal, Andreas Salzburger, Tessa Charles, M.E. Biagini, O. Panella, M. Stuart, A. Kollegger, V. Garcia Diaz, Olcay Bolukbasi, Maurizio Pierini, H. Aksakal, Tord Riemann, Abhishek M. Iyer, V. Shiltsev, D. Buttazzo, J. Blümlein, Prateek Agrawal, L. Sestini, Martin Bauer, Felicitas Pauss, S. Fiorendi, F. Bossu, Marco Nardecchia, C. Leonidopoulos, Wojciech Kotlarski, A. Saba, I. Bautista-Guzmán, W. Hillert, Giorgio Ambrosio, T. Lehtinen, Michael Andrew Parker, Silvia Taroni, Gian F. Giudice, Ph. Lebrun, Johann A. Briffa, T. Risselada, Giuseppe Lerner, A. Lechner, L. S. Miralles, M. Kuze, J. M. Valet, P. S. B. Dev, S. Holleis, Ph. Schwemling, M. Biglietti, S. Banerjee, Thomas Schörner-Sadenius, A. Sanz Ull, V. Tikhomirov, S. Savelyeva, Jiayin Gu, D. Zhou, Federico Ravotti, S. A. Bogacz, Daniele Mirarchi, R. Tomás García, Yann Coadou, F. Yu, Y. Cai, T. Lari, F. Holdener, D. Shwartz, C. Bhat, Ramesh Gupta, Markus Klute, E. Palmieri, P. Collier, Branislav Sitar, Yves Sirois, Livio Fanò, S. Rojas-Torres, E. Locci, Ruben Garcia Alia, I. Božović Jelisavić, R. Chehab, J. A. Aguilar-Saavedra, M. Pasquali, A. Di Cicco, Bernhard Auchmann, Klaus Heinemann, Alessia Tricomi, D. Lucchesi, B. Haerer, M. Morrone, Paolo Giacomelli, Sonia Carra, A. Senol, Ivan Koop, Luca Silvestrini, Anna Stakia, Heather Gray, E. Skordis, A. D. Kovalenko, Paul Langacker, R. Li, Bernardo Bordini, R. Rata, Arjan Verweij, Shehu S. AbdusSalam, Andrey Karyukhin, U. van Rienen, Gianluigi Arduini, Bernhard Holzer, S. A. Nikitin, S. S. Kozub, Satoshi Mishima, B. Di Micco, S. Izquierdo Bermudez, N. Pukhaeva, Nigel Watson, F. Prino, Jean-Michel Sallese, Sotirios Vlachos, Alessandro Vicini, A. Valassi, Daniel Treille, F. Dordei, A. M. Fernandez Navarro, B. Dziewit, Marcello Abbrescia, J. M. Hauptman, I. Chaikovska, Paolo Giubellino, Michael J. Baker, V.V. Kashikhin, Friedrich Lackner, Filippo Sala, A. Langner, D. Pulikowski, H. Eriksson, Matteo Turri, Andrea Wulzer, M. Aiba, Lisa Borgonovi, I. Morozov, V. Haurylavets, J. F. Croteau, S. Boselli, L. A. Gonzalez Gomez, Claudia Tambasco, F. Mahmoudi, Sébastien Descotes-Genon, A. Luciani, Pavel Piminov, M. Varasteh, T. Herzig, Sandra Aumon, Cristina Bernini, Joseph Bramante, Roberta Arnaldi, G. Zick, Daniel Schulte, R. Santoro, Anna Kulesza, I. Turk Cakir, M. Nonis, Silvia Posada Arias, Livia Soffi, T. Wojtoń, E. Cennini, Florian Bauer, B. Rousset, J.-L. Grenard, C. Neubüser, Frederic Derue, Loukas Gouskos, Rainer Wallny, G. Calderini, M. Merk, M. Mühlegger, Roberto Cimino, M. Ramsey-Musolf, P. Rebello Teles, Mario Galanti, Mikhail Shaposhnikov, A. Andreazza, Maria Vittoria Garzelli, Masaya Ishino, José W. F. Valle, Colin Bernet, G. Velev, Cristina Botta, E. Fischer, J. Malclés, Giuseppe Montenero, Tripurari Srivastava, E. Renner, Shahnam Gorgi Zadeh, D. Cantore-Cavalli, Paul Laycock, J. Komppula, Simon C. Hopkins, Helmut Burkhardt, Eric Lancon, I. Aichinger, Andre Sznajder, F. Bordry, Massimo Giovannozzi, Aidan Robson, Anna Giunta, A. Carvalho, S. Farinon, Daniel Wollmann, M. Fouaidy, Martti Raidal, R. Gerard, Giovanni Volpini, U. Niedermayer, A. Alekou, Alexander J.G. Lunt, Vincenzo Cavasinni, Andrzej Siodmok, U. Kaya, Matthias Schott, Marumi Kado, S. A. Arsenyev, José Zurita, John Osborne, Patrick Meade, Gianmarco Bovone, G. Li, Klaus Schlenga, Antti Stenvall, D. Duellmann, Werner Riegler, I. Garzia, Yasuyuki Okumura, G. Pikurs, F. Maltoni, Massimo Sorbi, M. Arzeo, B. Strauss, Y. W. Baek, Mauro Chiesa, K. Ilyina-Brunner, Javier L. Albacete, R. Farinelli, C. Pes, Nicolas Morange, S. M. Zernov, U. Wagner, Emmanuelle Perez, G. G. Da Silveira, J. Neundorf, Néstor Armesto, T. Hahn, Roman N. Lee, Roderik Bruce, B. Y. Sharkov, T. du Pree, G. Cibinetto, Evelin Meoni, R. Rinaldesi, James A. Ellison, Radim Slovak, Silvia Franchino, Mikko Laine, T. Pugnat, S. P. Das, Yuji Enari, Emanuela Barzi, Cihan Bayindir, R. Boels, Jana Faltova, M. Moreno Llácer, Scott A. Yost, Michael Spannowsky, Florian Burkart, Marcin Chrzaszcz, K. Suzuki, Luca Trentadue, S. Masciocchi, Gilad Perez, Steve Peggs, K. Sugita, Eleonora Belli, Carmine Senatore, K. Y. Oyulmaz, Aldo Deandrea, Irakli Minashvili, Desmond P. Barber, M. I. Martínez-Hernández, A. Apyan, S. Petracca, Mikael Chala, Urs Achim Wiedemann, T. Sian, Olivier Deschamps, R. Monge, G. Avrillaud, Jan Kieseler, Hubert Spiesberger, J. Maitre, G. D. Shirkov, M. Hofer, Emanuela Sirtori, Sinan Kuday, Kirill Skovpen, Sara Casalbuoni, Johann Usovitsch, N. Chen, G. Tejeda-Muñoz, F. Bellini, E. Chyhyrynets, Michael Stöger-Pollach, M. Vogel, J. G. Mendes Saraiva, A. Rivetti, M. Podeur, Luc Poggioli, V. A. Gromov, R. Sirvinskaite, S. B. Leith, Giancarlo D'Ambrosio, Tony Price, Philippe Mermod, Rabindra N. Mohapatra, T. Mitshuhashi, Koji Terashi, Leonel Ferreira, L. Vale Silva, N. Muchnoi, J. L. Stanyard, Thomas Marriott-Dodington, A. Andriatis, Oleg Solovyanov, A. Daljevec, A. Butterworth, S. Myers, D. Chanal, Tatiana Pieloni, M. Rodríguez-Cahuantzi, G. Nardini, D. Boscherini, Kazuhito Ohmi, James Molson, S. Kowalski, Christoph Haberstroh, Martin Aleksa, K. Kershaw, M. Mulder, Leonid Rivkin, G. Vorotnikov, Luigi Salvatore Esposito, J. Kalinowski, Michele Cascella, Francesco Giffoni, Alessandro Polini, Georges Azuelos, M. Prioli, Wolfgang Altmannshofer, S. K. Patra, H. J. He, J. J. Aguilera-Verdugo, Hannu Paukkunen, P. Chomaz, Shoji Asai, Nicolas Magnin, Gavin P. Salam, R. Wang, F. Avino, Alexander Romanenko, A. Rossi, Steve Muanza, Richard Ruiz, Dmitry Teytelman, S. Klöppel, S. Atieh, M. Mohammadi Najafabadi, L. Apolinario, Andrea Tesi, M. Maggiora, A. Falkowski, Janusz Gluza, M. Sauvain, Hamzeh Khanpour, S. Chance, Ansgar Denner, Ma. Greco, Andreas Papaefstathiou, Manuela Boscolo, Joydeep Chakrabortty, E. Franco, R. R. Bosley, G. Peón, Fred Olness, Simone Alioli, Andrea Gaddi, M. K. Sullivan, M. Segreti, M. Panareo, Florian Goertz, Z. G. Zhao, H. Chanal, O. Martin, P. Azzurri, Agnieszka Chmielinska, M. Kordiaczyńska, O. Brunner, J. Von Ahnen, Jose Santiago, K. Foraz, Y. Alexahin, Marcello Mannelli, Christian Schwanenberger, S. Ganjour, Simone Marzani, T. M. Taylor, S. Di Vita, J. Womersley, I. Karpov, Valentina Morretta, Saverio D'Auria, Patrick Draper, B. Hacışahinoğlu, E. Gorini, Andrew J. Long, S. La Mendola, G. Zevi Dell Porta, I. Abdyukhanov, M. Cobal, Luca Marzola, E. Rochepault, A. Kusina, German Rodrigo, R. Schmidt, Jan Steggemann, E. Premat, P. Slavich, F. Gianotti, P. Jarry, Ram Krishna Dewanjee, L. Felsberger, T. Martinez, A. Niemi, Jürgen Reuter, P. A. Bruckman de Renstrom, Ryu Sawada, J. T. Childers, Gelsomina Catalano, P. Barjhoux, O. R. Blanco-García, Pilar Hernández, H. Correia-Rodrigues, V. Ippolito, S. De Curtis, Juan Rojo, Ayberk Yilmaz, S. Baird, Morteza Khatiri Yanehsari, Enrico Scomparin, Daniel Appelö, J. Kozaczuk, Matthew Jones, B. Caiffi, C. Del Bo, Susanna Guiducci, Giuliano Panico, M. Knecht, J. Coupard, M. Ciuchini, H. Kritscher, Claire Gwenlan, P. Costa Pinto, Thibaut Lefèvre, N. Bellegarde, Christian Scheuerlein, P. Ferreira da Silva, M. Verducci, X. Ruan, H. Pikhartova, Juan M. O'Callaghan, Kazuro Furukawa, D. Saez de Jauregui, Maria Rescigno, Stephan Eisenhardt, Andrea Dainese, Z. Drásal, G. H. Corral, J. M. Camalich, John Ellis, E. Gabrielli, L. Rumyantsev, A. Caliskan, K. Brunner, K. Tang, P. Sopicki, J. Fan, Marcin Kucharczyk, S. Gorgi Zadeh, Carlos A. Salgado, Simone Bologna, Y. Muttoni, A. Chancé, Patrick Jenny, Mark Boland, G. Yang, G. Wilkinson, Roger J. Hernández-Pinto, M. Novák, Gennady Stupakov, E. Jensen, Lance D. Cooley, Torbjörn Sjöstrand, S. Su, Matthew Luzum, J. Casas, Per Osland, T. Robens, Oscar A. Sampayo, Evgeny Levichev, P. N. Ratoff, G. Rolandi, M. A. Valdivia Garcia, Anthony Keith Morley, L. van Riesen-Haupt, A. Sublet, M. A. Mazzoni, J.L. Gutierrez, A. Abramov, Abbas Kenan Ciftci, A. Provino, L. Delle Rose, John Fox, Barry M. Dillon, V. Smirnov, G. N. Taylor, Anke-Susanne Müller, C. Pira, Fulvio Piccinini, A. Faus-Golfe, Pietro Antonioli, S. Sanfilippo, Julien Cogan, A. Ribon, Andrew Hutton, Frank Zimmermann, Lev Dudko, Erez Etzion, J. Polinski, G. Bencivenni, M. Gil Costa, L. K. Gladilin, Yannis Papaphilippou, Michael Spira, Maria Paola Lombardo, M. Fiascaris, Darius A. Faroughy, S. O. Kara, Peter Braun-Munzinger, A. Wohlfahrt, A. A. Krasnov, S.A. Gourlay, W. Da Silva, Jacqueline Keintzel, Radja Boughezal, Renat Sadykov, L. R. Sulak, Valentin V. Khoze, T. Tydecks, S. Puławski, Daniel de Florian, Pedro Schwaller, A. Akay, Nicola Serra, Sukanta Dutta, Christophe Royon, Alessandro Ricci, A. Kuendig, C. G. Honorato, K. Kołodziej, L. Deniau, Michael Kramer, J. Ferradas Troitino, A. Arbey, A. M. Staśto, Marcel Demarteau, Ralph Aßmann, O. Grimm, D. Forkel-Wirth, Owain Rhodri Jones, A. M. Kolano, G. Chiarello, William Trischuk, Andrea Dell'Acqua, Elisabetta Gallo, H. Song, Frank Petriello, N. Ibarrola, C. Colldelram, A. I. Ryazanov, A. Meier, Phillip Allport, J. de Blas, S. Chattopadhyay, Massimo Florio, X. Jiang, Bertrand Baudouy, T. Otto, Tevong You, Christoph Englert, Roberto Pittau, G. M. Bilei, Matthew McCullough, N. S. Ramírez-Uribe, J. Charles, Amalia Ballarino, Federico Antinori, A. V. Kotwal, P. Le Guen, Berndt Müller, Chiara Roda, Xavier Buffat, D. K. Hong, Matthias Liepe, G. Gorine, V. A. Okorokov, D. Bozzini, N. Simand, Giuseppe Francesco Tartarelli, C. Marquet, R. Contino, A. M. Teixeira, R. Trant, Roberto Losito, M. Quispe, Valery I. Telnov, Helga Timko, D. Lissauer, Giulio Aielli, Giorgio Chiarelli, M. J. Baldwin, A. Winter, X. Sarasola, E. E. Boos, Aleandro Nisati, Cedric Garion, Monica D'Onofrio, S. M. Gascon-Shotkin, Daniele Barducci, G. Rosaz, Nathaniel Craig, L. D’Aloia Schwartzentruber, A. Falou, A. Henriques, Tobias Hurth, Michael Eisterer, Andreas Grau, Austin Ball, D. Delikaris, P. A. McIntosh, E. Graverini, Kadri Ozdemir, F. Valchkova, Marco Zanetti, Guenakh Mitselmakher, S. Albergo, Peter Levai, Caterina Vernieri, F. Stivanello, Michael Barnes, Henri Bachacou, Daniel Fournier, L. T. Wang, D. Boutin, S. Moretti, B. Riemann, Michael Murray, Aleksandr Azatov, C. T. A. Cook, Valentina Maria Cairo, J. B. De Vivie De Regie, H. Schmickler, M. Schenk, Georgios Voutsinas, André Schöning, S. G. Bondarenko, Giorgio Bellomo, Andrei Seryi, Jane Nachtman, Clement Helsens, E. De Lucia, Jakob Salfeld-Nebgen, Lorenzo Pezzotti, Z. Townsend, B. Dalena, Mogens Dam, Yasar Onel, Yi-Ming Zhong, B. Curé, A. A. Kolomiets, A. M. Valente-Feliciano, Laurette Ponce, David Olivier Jamin, P. Krkotic, Alexandre Louzguiti, Marina Putti, Holger Podlech, Petr Volkov, M. Angelucci, F. Duval, I. Hiekkanen, W. M. Yao, Giancarlo Ferrera, C. Lorin, Y. Dydyshka, Kurt R. Peters, Gergely Gabor Barnafoldi, V. Vysotsky, V. Arı, E. Pilicer, M. Chamizo-Llatas, G. Kuhlmann, Hans Quack, R. Valizadeh, Tiina Salmi, Thomas Kramer, Adam Jeff, A. Abada, J. M. Duval, J. Abelleira Fernandez, A. Leveratto, E. Tal Hod, X. Wu, Laurent Serin, Sarah Aull, Samuele Mariotto, A. Poiron, Sabine Riemann, P. Selva, V. I. Pantsyrny, Gianluca Valentino, K. Kahle, S. Aune, K. Potamianos, Eros Cazzato, M. Giovannetti, Petr Mandrik, S. Sidorov, F. Collamati, Simone Gilardoni, S. Bertolucci, Alexander V. Zlobin, Mehmet Sahin, Marco Delmastro, G. Aydın, A. Doblhammer, Alan S. Cornell, S. J. De Jong, M. Caccia, M. Lueckhof, P. Sollander, Mauro Taborelli, J. Shelton, Frank Gerigk, Robert Rimmer, Ayres Freitas, Pierluigi Bruzzone, Brajesh K. Singh, K. Keppel, N. Alipour Tehrani, C. Prasse, Louis Rinolfi, Emma Slade, W. Flieger, Alexey Dudarev, H. J. Yang, T. Köttig, L. Mether, C. Weiland, Andrea Malagoli, Sunghoon Jung, F. Conventi, I. Tropin, G. H. A. Viehhauser, Tomas Davidek, Y. O. Günaydin, Daniel Andreas Britzger, F. Toral, James John Brooke, R. Steerenberg, G. Morello, Mauro Migliorati, Alexej Grudiev, C. Tetrel, Wolfgang Höfle, J. V. Minervini, L. García Tabarés, V. Yermolchik, Claude Guyot, D. Guadagnoli, Giorgio Vallone, N. De Filippis, Oleksii Beznosov, P. Charitos, N. Schwerg, Ahmed Hammad, P. Manil, F. Niccoli, Lydia Iconomidou-Fayard, R. Aleksan, K. Hahn, P. Meridiani, Peter Skands, Tobias Golling, Lucio Rossi, G. Gobbi, Michael Hance, A. J. Barr, V. Del Duca, V. Guzey, M. Pont, Michele Selvaggi, Oliver Brüning, J. Barreiro Guimarães da Costa, A. Drago, Y. Zhang, Giovanni Punzi, Viktor Matveev, Anadi Canepa, Clemens Lange, B. L. Militsyn, Martijn Mulders, Max Klein, V. D’Auria, M. Mylona, Valeria Braccini, S. DasBakshi, David Calvet, Sophia Borowka, David Marzocca, S. Jadach, A. A. Pankov, Christophe Ochando, A. A. Tudora, I. Masina, Jure Zupan, A. Preinerstorfer, Benjamin Fuks, H. K. Soltveit, G. Rolando, E.E. Perepelkin, T. G. Rizzo, Saleh Sultansoy, Federico Roncarolo, K. Elsener, R. Q. Pan, P. Zhuang, David Attié, Jac Perez, K. Kravalis, F. Anulli, V. Ruhlmann-Kleider, S. Malvezzi, Steffen A. Bass, E. La Francesca, Heinz Pernegger, K. Grzanka, M. T. Tiirakari, Alberto Ventura, Alessandro Cerri, Marco Peruzzi, Eric Montesinos, O. Etisken, F. Grancagnolo, S. Kartal, H. Humer, Oliver Fischer, M. Primavera, Marco Toliman Lucchini, P. Vedrine, Felix Kling, M. Altınlı, Sergio Calatroni, C. 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Zurita, J, Işık Üniversitesi, Mühendislik Fakültesi, İnşaat Mühendisliği Bölümü, Işık University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Bayındır, Cihan, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Teoria del Senyal i Comunicacions, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. RF&MW - Grup de Recerca de sistemes, dispositius i materials de RF i microones, Abada A., Abbrescia M., AbdusSalam S.S., Abdyukhanov I., Abelleira Fernandez J., Abramov A., Aburaia M., Acar A.O., Adzic P.R., Agrawal P., Aguilar-Saavedra J.A., Aguilera-Verdugo J.J., Aiba M., Aichinger I., Aielli G., Akay A., Akhundov A., Aksakal H., Albacete J.L., Albergo S., Alekou A., Aleksa M., Aleksan R., Alemany Fernandez R.M., Alexahin Y., Alia R.G., Alioli S., Alipour Tehrani N., Allanach B.C., Allport P.P., Altinli M., Altmannshofer W., Ambrosio G., Amorim D., Amstutz O., Anderlini L., Andreazza A., Andreini M., Andriatis A., Andris C., Andronic A., Angelucci M., Antinori F., Antipov S.A., Antonelli M., Antonello M., Antonioli P., Antusch S., Anulli F., Apolinario L., Apollinari G., Apollonio A., Appelo D., Appleby R.B., Apyan A., Arbey A., Arbuzov A., Arduini G., Ari V., Arias S., Armesto N., Arnaldi R., Arsenyev S.A., Arzeo M., Asai S., Aslanides E., Assmann R.W., Astapovych D., Atanasov M., Atieh S., Attie D., Auchmann B., Audurier A., Aull S., Aumon S., Aune S., Avino F., Avrillaud G., Aydin G., Azatov A., Azuelos G., Azzi P., Azzolini O., Azzurri P., Bacchetta N., Bacchiocchi E., Bachacou H., Baek Y.W., Baglin V., Bai Y., Baird S., Baker M.J., Baldwin M.J., Ball A.H., Ballarino A., Banerjee S., Barber D.P., Barducci D., Barjhoux P., Barna D., Barnafoldi G.G., Barnes M.J., Barr A., Barranco Garcia J., Barreiro Guimaraes da Costa J., Bartmann W., Baryshevsky V., Barzi E., Bass S.A., Bastianin A., Baudouy B., Bauer F., Bauer M., Baumgartner T., Bautista-Guzman I., Bayindir C., Beaudette F., Bedeschi F., Beguin M., Bellafont I., Bellagamba L., Bellegarde N., Belli E., Bellingeri E., Bellini F., Bellomo G., Belomestnykh S., Bencivenni G., Benedikt M., Bernardi G., Bernardi J., Bernet C., Bernhardt J.M., Bernini C., Berriaud C., Bertarelli A., Bertolucci S., Besana M.I., Besancon M., Beznosov O., Bhat P., Bhat C., Biagini M.E., Biarrotte J.-L., Bibet Chevalier A., Bielert E.R., Biglietti M., Bilei G.M., Bilki B., Biscari C., Bishara F., Blanco-Garcia O.R., Blanquez F.R., Blekman F., Blondel A., Blumlein J., Boccali T., Boels R., Bogacz S.A., Bogomyagkov A., Boine-Frankenheim O., Boland M.J., Bologna S., Bolukbasi O., Bomben M., Bondarenko S., Bonvini M., Boos E., Bordini B., Bordry F., Borghello G., Borgonovi L., Borowka S., Bortoletto D., Boscherini D., Boscolo M., Boselli S., Bosley R.R., Bossu F., Botta C., Bottura L., Boughezal R., Boutin D., Bovone G., Bozovic Jelisavic I., Bozbey A., Bozzi C., Bozzini D., Braccini V., Braibant-Giacomelli S., Bramante J., Braun-Munzinger P., Briffa J.A., Britzger D., Brodsky S.J., Brooke J.J., Bruce R., Bruckman De Renstrom P., Bruna E., Bruning O., Brunner O., Brunner K., Bruzzone P., Buffat X., Bulyak E., Burkart F., Burkhardt H., Burnet J.-P., Butin F., Buttazzo D., Butterworth A., Caccia M., Cai Y., Caiffi B., Cairo V., Cakir O., Calaga R., Calatroni S., Calderini G., Calderola G., Caliskan A., Calvet D., Calviani M., Camalich J.M., Camarri P., Campanelli M., Camporesi T., Canbay A.C., Canepa A., Cantergiani E., Cantore-Cavalli D., Capeans M., Cardarelli R., Cardella U., Cardini A., Carloni Calame C.M., Carra F., Carra S., Carvalho A., Casalbuoni S., Casas J., Cascella M., Castelnovo P., Castorina G., Catalano G., Cavasinni V., Cazzato E., Cennini E., Cerri A., Cerutti F., Cervantes J., Chaikovska I., Chakrabortty J., Chala M., Chamizo-Llatas M., Chanal H., Chanal D., Chance S., Chance A., Charitos P., Charles J., Charles T.K., Chattopadhyay S., Chehab R., Chekanov S.V., Chen N., Chernoded A., Chetvertkova V., Chevalier L., Chiarelli G., Chiarello G., Chiesa M., Chiggiato P., Childers J.T., Chmielinska A., Cholakian A., Chomaz P., Chorowski M., Chou W., Chrzaszcz M., Chyhyrynets E., Cibinetto G., Ciftci A.K., Ciftci R., Cimino R., Ciuchini M., Clark P.J., Coadou Y., Cobal M., Coccaro A., Cogan J., Cogneras E., Collamati F., Colldelram C., Collier P., Collot J., Contino R., Conventi F., Cook C.T.A., Cooley L., Corcella G., Cornell A.S., Corral G.H., Correia-Rodrigues H., Costanza F., Costa Pinto P., Couderc F., Coupard J., Craig N., Crespo Garrido I., Crivellin A., Croteau J.F., Crouch M., Cruz Alaniz E., Cure B., Curti J., Curtin D., Czech M., Dachauer C., D'Agnolo R.T., Daibo M., Dainese A., Dalena B., Daljevec A., Dallapiazza W., D'Aloia Schwartzentruber L., Dam M., D'Ambrosio G., Das S.P., DasBakshi S., da Silva W., da Silveira G.G., D'Auria V., D'Auria S., David A., Davidek T., Deandrea A., de Blas J., Debono C.J., De Curtis S., De Filippis N., de Florian D., Deghaye S., de Jong S.J., Del Bo C., Del Duca V., Delikaris D., Deliot F., Dell'Acqua A., Delle Rose L., Delmastro M., De Lucia E., Demarteau M., Denegri D., Deniau L., Denisov D., Denizli H., Denner A., d'Enterria D., de Rijk G., De Roeck A., Derue F., Deschamps O., Descotes-Genon S., Dev P.S.B., de Vivie de Regie J.B., Dewanjee R.K., Di Ciaccio A., Di Cicco A., Dillon B.M., Di Micco B., Di Nezza P., Di Vita S., Doblhammer A., Dominjon A., D'Onofrio M., Dordei F., Drago A., Draper P., Drasal Z., Drewes M., Duarte L., Dubovyk I., Duda P., Dudarev A., Dudko L., Duellmann D., Dunser M., du Pree T., Durante M., Duran Yildiz H., Dutta S., Duval F., Duval J.M., Dydyshka Y., Dziewit B., Eisenhardt S., Eisterer M., Ekelof T., El Khechen D., Ellis S.A., Ellis J., Ellison J.A., Elsener K., Elsing M., Enari Y., Englert C., Eriksson H., Eskola K.J., Esposito L.S., Etisken O., Etzion E., Fabbricatore P., Falkowski A., Falou A., Faltova J., Fan J., Fano L., Farilla A., Farinelli R., Farinon S., Faroughy D.A., Fartoukh S.D., Faus-Golfe A., Fawcett W.J., Felici G., Felsberger L., Ferdeghini C., Fernandez Navarro A.M., Fernandez-Tellez A., Ferradas Troitino J., Ferrara G., Ferrari R., Ferreira L., Ferreira da Silva P., Ferrera G., Ferro F., Fiascaris M., Fiorendi S., Fiorio C., Fischer O., Fischer E., Flieger W., Florio M., Fonnesu D., Fontanesi E., Foppiani N., Foraz K., Forkel-Wirth D., Forte S., 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Kahle K., Kalinovskaya L., Kalinowski J., Kamenik J.F., Kannike K., Kara S.O., Karadeniz H., Karaventzas V., Karpov I., Kartal S., Karyukhin A., Kashikhin V., Katharina Behr J., Kaya U., Keintzel J., Keinz P.A., Keppel K., Kersevan R., Kershaw K., Khanpour H., Khatibi S., Khatiri Yanehsari M., Khoze V.V., Kieseler J., Kilic A., Kilpinen A., Kim Y.-K., Kim D.W., Klein U., Klein M., Kling F., Klinkenberg N., Kloppel S., Klute M., Klyukhin V.I., Knecht M., Kniehl B., Kocak F., Koeberl C., Kolano A.M., Kollegger A., Kolodziej K., Kolomiets A.A., Komppula J., Koop I., Koppenburg P., Koratzinos M., Kordiaczynska M., Korjik M., Kortner O., Kostka P., Kotlarski W., Kotnig C., Kottig T., Kotwal A.V., Kovalenko A.D., Kowalski S., Kozaczuk J., Kozlov G.A., Kozub S.S., Krainer A.M., Kramer T., Kramer M., Krammer M., Krasnov A.A., Krauss F., Kravalis K., Kretzschmar L., Kriske R.M., Kritscher H., Krkotic P., Kroha H., Kucharczyk M., Kuday S., Kuendig A., Kuhlmann G., Kulesza A., Kumar M., Kusina A., Kuttimalai S., Kuze M., Kwon T., Lackner F., Lackner M., La Francesca E., Laine M., Lamanna G., La Mendola S., Lancon E., Landsberg G., Langacker P., Lange C., Langner A., Lankford A.J., Lansberg J.P., Lari T., Laycock P.J., Lebrun P., Lechner A., Lee K., Lee S., Lee R., Lefevre T., Le Guen P., Lehtinen T., Leith S.B., Lenzi P., Leogrande E., Leonidopoulos C., Leon-Monzon I., Lerner G., Leroy O., Lesiak T., Levai P., Leveratto A., Levichev E., Li G., Li S., Li R., Liberati D., Liepe M., Lissauer D.A., Liu Z., Lobko A., Locci E., Logothetis Agaliotis E., Lombardo M.P., Long A.J., Lorin C., Losito R., Louzguiti A., Low I., Lucchesi D., Lucchini M.T., Luciani A., Lueckhof M., Lunt A.J.G., Luzum M., Lyubimtsev D.A., Maggiora M., Magnin N., Mahmoud M.A., Mahmoudi F., Maitre J., Makarenko V., Malagoli A., Malcles J., Malgeri L., Mallon P.J., Maltoni F., Malvezzi S., Malyshev O.B., Mancinelli G., Mandrik P., Manfrinetti P., Mangano M., Manil P., Mannelli M., Marchiori G., Marhauser F., Mariani V., Marinozzi V., Mariotto S., Marquard P., Marquet C., Marriott-Dodington T., Martin R., Martin O., Martin Camalich J., Martinez T., Martinez Bruzual H., Martinez-Hernandez M.I., Martins D.E., Marzani S., Marzocca D., Marzola L., Masciocchi S., Masina I., Massimiliano A., Massironi A., Masubuchi T., Matveev V.A., Mazzoni M.A., McCullough M., McIntosh P.A., Meade P., Medina L., Meier A., Meignan J., Mele B., Mendes Saraiva J.G., Menez F., Mentink M., Meoni E., Meridiani P., Merk M., Mermod P., Mertens V., Mether L., Metral E., Migliorati M., Milanese A., Milardi C., Milhano G., Militsyn B.L., Millet F., Minashvili I., Minervini J.V., Miralles L.S., Mirarchi D., Mishima S., Missiaen D.P., Mitselmakher G., Mitshuhashi T., Mnich J., Mohammadi Najafabadi M., Mohapatra R.N., Mokhov N., Molson J.G., Monge R., Montag C., Montagna G., Monteil S., Montenero G., Montesinos E., Moortgat F., Morange N., Morello G., Moreno Llacer M., Moretti M., Moretti S., Morley A.K., Moros A., Morozov I., Morretta V., Morrone M., Mostacci A., Muanza S., Muchnoi N., Muhlegger M., Mulder M., Mulders M., Muller B., Muller F., Muller A.-S., Munilla J., Murray M.J., Muttoni Y., Myers S., Mylona M., Nachtman J., Nakamoto T., Nardecchia M., Nardini G., Nason P., Nergiz Z., Nesterenko A.V., Netto J.A., Nettstrater A., Neubuser C., Neundorf J., Niccoli F., Nicrosini O., Nie Y., Niedermayer U., Niedziela J., Niemi A., Nikitin S.A., Nisati A., No J.M., Nonis M., Nosochkov Y., Novak M., Novokhatski A., O'Callaghan J.M., Ochando C., Ogur S., Ohmi K., Oide K., Okorokov V.A., Okumura Y., Oleari C., Olness F.I., Onel Y., Ortino M., Osborne J., Osland P., Otto T., Oyulmaz K.Y., Ozansoy A., Ozcan V., Ozdemir K., Pagliarone C.E., Pais da Silva H.F., Palmieri E., Palumbo L., Pampaloni A., Pan R.-Q., Panareo M., Panella O., Panico G., Panizzo G., Pankov A.A., Pantsyrny V., Papadopoulos C.G., Papaefstathiou A., Papaphilippou Y., Parker M.A., Parma V., Pasquali M., Patra S.K., Patterson R., Paukkunen H., Pauss F., Peggs S., Penttinen J.-P., Peon G., Perepelkin E.E., Perez E., Perez J.C., Perez G., Perez F., Perez Codina E., Perez Morales J., Perfilov M., Pernegger H., Peruzzi M., Pes C., Peters K., Petracca S., Petriello F., Pezzotti L., Pfeiffer S., Piccinini F., Pieloni T., Pierini M., Pikhartova H., Pikurs G., Pilicer E., Piminov P., Pira C., Pittau R., Placzek W., Plagge M., Plehn T., Pleier M.-A., Ploskon M., Podeur M., Podlech H., Podzorny T., Poggioli L., Poiron A., Polesello G., Poli Lener M., Polini A., Polinski J., Polozov S.M., Ponce L., Pont M., Pontecorvo L., Portaluri T., Potamianos K., Prasse C., Prausa M., Preinerstorfer A., Premat E., Price T., Primavera M., Prino F., Prioli M., Proudfoot J., Provino A., Pugnat T., Pukhaeva N., Pulawski S., Pulikowski D., Punzi G., Putti M., Pyarelal A., Quack H., Quispe M., Racioppi A., Rafique H., Raginel V., Raidal M., Ramirez-Uribe N.S., Ramsey-Musolf M.J., Rata R., Ratoff P., Ravotti F., Rebello Teles P., Reboud M., Redaelli S., Renner E., Renteria-Olivo A.E., Rescigno M., Reuter J., Ribon A., Ricci A.M., Riegler W., Riemann S., Riemann B., Riemann T., Rifflet J.M., Rimmer R.A., Rinaldesi R., Rinolfi L., Rios Rubiras O., Risselada T., Rivetti A., Rivkin L., Rizzo T., Robens T., Robert F., Robson A.J., Rochepault E., Roda C., Rodrigo G., Rodriguez-Cahuantzi M., Rogan C., Roig M., Rojas-Torres S., Rojo J., Rolandi G., Rolando G., Roloff P., Romanenko A., Romanov A., Roncarolo F., Rosado Sanchez A., Rosaz G., Rossi L., Rossi A., Rossmanith R., Rousset B., Royon C., Ruan X., Ruehl I., Ruhlmann-Kleider V., Ruiz R., Rumyantsev L., Ruprecht R., Ryazanov A.I., Saba A., Sadykov R., Saez de Jauregui D., Sahin M., Sailer B., Saito M., Sala F., Salam G.P., Salfeld-Nebgen J., Salgado C.A., Salini S., Sallese J.M., Salmi T., Salzburger A., Sampayo O.A., Sanfilippo S., Santiago J., Santopinto E., Santoro R., Sanz Ull A., Sarasola X., Sarpun I.H., Sauvain M., Savelyeva S., Sawada R., Sborlini G.F.R., Schaffer A., Schaumann M., Schenk M., Scheuerlein C., Schienbein I., Schlenga K., Schmickler H., Schmidt R., Schoerling D., Schoning A., Schorner-Sadenius T., Schott M., Schulte D., Schwaller P., Schwanenberger C., Schwemling P., Schwerg N., Scibile L., Sciuto A., Scomparin E., Sebastiani C., Seeber B., Segreti M., Selva P., Selvaggi M., Senatore C., Senol A., Serin L., Serluca M., Serra N., Seryi A., Sestini L., Sfyrla A., Shaposhnikov M., Shaposhnikova E., Sharkov B.Y., Shatilov D., Shelton J., Shiltsev V., Shipsey I.P., Shirkov G.D., Shivaji A., Shwartz D., Sian T., Sidorov S., Siemko A., Silvestrini L., Simand N., Simon F., Singh B.K., Siodmok A., Sirois Y., Sirtori E., Sirvinskaite R., Sitar B., Sjostrand T., Skands P., Skordis E., Skovpen K., Skrzypek M., Slade E., Slavich P., Slovak R., Smaluk V., Smirnov V., Snoeys W., Soffi L., Sollander P., Solovyanov O., Soltveit H.K., Song H., Sopicki P., Sorbi M., Spallino L., Spannowsky M., Spataro B., Sphicas P., Spiesberger H., Spiller P., Spira M., Srivastava T., Stachel J., Stakia A., Stanyard J.L., Starchenko E., Starikov A.Y., Stasto A.M., Statera M., Steerenberg R., Steggemann J., Stenvall A., Stivanello F., Stockinger D., Stoel L.S., Stoger-Pollach M., Strauss B., Stuart M., Stupakov G., Su S., Sublet A., Sugita K., Sulak L., Sullivan M.K., Sultansoy S., Sumida T., Suzuki K., Sylva G., Syphers M.J., Sznajder A., Taborelli M., Tahir N.A., Takeuchi M., Tal Hod E., Tambasco C., Tanaka J., Tang K., Tapan I., Taroni S., Tartarelli G.F., Tassielli G., Tavian L., Taylor T.M., Taylor G.N., Teixeira A.M., Tejeda-Munoz G., Telnov V.I., Tenchini R., ten Kate H.H.J., Terashi K., Tesi A., Testa M., Tetrel C., Teytelman D., Thaler J., Thamm A., Thomas S., Tiirakari M.T., Tikhomirov V., Tikhonov D., Timko H., Tisserand V., Tkachenko L.M., Tkaczuk J., Tock J.P., Todd B., Todesco E., Tomas Garcia R., Tommasini D., Tonelli G., Toral F., Torims T., Torre R., Townsend Z., Trant R., Treille D., Trentadue L., Tricoli A., Tricomi A., Trischuk W., Tropin I.S., Tuchming B., Tudora A.A., Turbiarz B., Turk Cakir I., Turri M., Tydecks T., Usovitsch J., Uythoven J., Vaglio R., Valassi A., Valchkova F., Valdivia Garcia M.A., Valente P., Valente R.U., Valente-Feliciano A.-M., Valentino G., Vale Silva L., Valet J.M., Valizadeh R., Valle J.W.F., Vallecorsa S., Vallone G., van Leeuwen M., van Rienen U.H., van Riesen-Haupt L., Varasteh M., Vecchi L., Vedrine P., Velev G., Veness R., Ventura A., Venturini Delsolaro W., Verducci M., Verhaaren C.B., Vernieri C., Verweij A.P., Verwilligen O., Viazlo O., Vicini A., Viehhauser G., Vignaroli N., Vignolo M., Vitrano A., Vivarelli I., Vlachos S., Vogel M., Vogt D.M., Volkl V., Volkov P., Volpini G., von Ahnen J., Vorotnikov G., Voutsinas G.G., Vysotsky V., Wagner U., Wallny R., Wang L.-T., Wang R., Wang K., Ward B.F.L., Watson T.P., Watson N.K., Ws Z., Weiland C., Weinzierl S., Welsch C.P., Wenninger J., Widorski M., Wiedemann U.A., Wienands H.-U., Wilkinson G., Williams P.H., Winter A., Wohlfahrt A., Wojton T., Wollmann D., Womersley J., Woog D., Wu X., Wulzer A., Yanehsari M.K., Yang G., Yang H.J., Yao W.-M., Yazgan E., Yermolchik V., Yilmaz A., Yoo H.-D., Yost S.A., You T., Young C., Yu T.-T., Yu F., Zaborowska A., Zadeh S.G., Zahnd M., Zanetti M., Zanotto L., Zawiejski L., Zeiler P., Zerlauth M., Zernov S.M., Zevi Dell Porta G., Zhang Z., Zhang Y., Zhang C., Zhang H., Zhao Z., Zhong Y.-M., Zhou J., Zhou D., Zhuang P., Zick G., Zimmermann F., Zinn-Justin J., Zivkovic L., Zlobin A.V., Zobov M., Zupan J., Zurita J., BAİBÜ, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Fizik Bölümü, Denizli, Haluk, TOBB ETU, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, TOBB ETU, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Material Science & Nanotechnology Engineering, TOBB ETÜ, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Elektrik ve Elektronik Mühendisliği Bölümü, TOBB ETÜ, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Malzeme Bilimi ve Nanoteknoloji Mühendisliği Bölümü, Bozbey, Ali, Sultansoy, Saleh, Özdemir, Kadri, Giresun Üniversitesi, UCL - SST/IRMP - Institut de recherche en mathématique et physique, and Ege Üniversitesi
Subjects: Beam losses, IMPACT, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics beyond the Standard Model, EVENT BUILDER, hadron collider, General Physics and Astronomy, Mathematics and natural science: 400::Physics: 430::Nuclear and elementary particle physics: 431 [VDP], 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, Subatomär fysik, chemistry.chemical_compound, Conceptual design, Colliding beam accelerators, law, HE-LHC, Subatomic Physics, General Materials Science, Hadron colliders, Física::Física de partícules::Hadrons [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Large Hadron Collider, Acceleradors de partícules, Physics, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Beams (radiation), Settore FIS/02 - Fisica Teorica, Modelli e Metodi Matematici, Upgrade, Impact, collimators, partikkelfysikk, Future Circular Collider, High-Energy, Systems engineering, HE-LHC: The High-Energy Large Hadron Collider, Col·lisionadors d'hadrons, Applied physics, Collimators, Socio-culturale, Fizik, Hadrons, Accelerator Physics and Instrumentation, HE-LHC physics, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, beam losses, ddc:530, High Energy Physics, partikkelakselerator, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Niobium-tin, 010306 general physics, Collider, Particle Physics, Beams (radiation) | Collimators | Beam losses, Energies::Energia nuclear [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Large Hadron Collider HE-LHC, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Colliders (Nuclear physics), Acceleratorfysik och instrumentering, Event builder, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Particle accelerators, chemistry, Experimental High Energy Physics, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Future Colliders
Abstract: Authors: A. AbadaM. AbbresciaS. S. AbdusSalamI. AbdyukhanovJ. Abelleira FernandezA. AbramovM. AburaiaA. O. AcarP. R. AdzicP. AgrawalJ. A. Aguilar-SaavedraJ. J. Aguilera-VerdugoM. AibaI. AichingerG. AielliA. AkayA. AkhundovH. AksakalJ. L. AlbaceteS. AlbergoA. AlekouM. AleksaR. AleksanR. M. Alemany FernandezY. AlexahinR. G. AlíaS. AlioliN. Alipour TehraniB. C. AllanachP. P. AllportM. AltınlıW. AltmannshoferG. AmbrosioD. AmorimO. AmstutzL. AnderliniA. AndreazzaM. AndreiniA. AndriatisC. AndrisA. AndronicM. AngelucciF. AntinoriS. A. AntipovM. AntonelliM. AntonelloP. AntonioliS. AntuschF. AnulliL. ApolinárioG. ApollinariA. ApollonioD. AppelöR. B. ApplebyA. ApyanA. ApyanA. ArbeyA. ArbuzovG. ArduiniV. ArıS. AriasN. ArmestoR. ArnaldiS. A. ArsenyevM. ArzeoS. AsaiE. AslanidesR. W. AßmannD. AstapovychM. AtanasovS. AtiehD. AttiéB. AuchmannA. AudurierS. AullS. AumonS. AuneF. AvinoG. AvrillaudG. AydınA. AzatovG. AzuelosP. AzziO. AzzoliniP. AzzurriN. BacchettaE. BacchiocchiH. BachacouY. W. BaekV. BaglinY. BaiS. BairdM. J. BakerM. J. BaldwinA. H. BallA. BallarinoS. BanerjeeD. P. BarberD. BarducciP. BarjhouxD. BarnaG. G. BarnaföldiM. J. BarnesA. BarrJ. Barranco GarcíaJ. Barreiro Guimarães da CostaW. BartmannV. BaryshevskyE. BarziS. A. BassA. BastianinB. BaudouyF. BauerM. BauerT. BaumgartnerI. Bautista-GuzmánC. BayındırF. BeaudetteF. BedeschiM. BéguinI. BellafontL. BellagambaN. BellegardeE. BelliE. BellingeriF. BelliniG. BellomoS. BelomestnykhG. BencivenniM. BenediktG. BernardiJ. BernardiC. BernetJ. M. BernhardtC. BerniniC. BerriaudA. BertarelliS. BertolucciM. I. BesanaM. BesançonO. BeznosovP. BhatC. BhatM. E. BiaginiJ. -L. BiarrotteA. Bibet ChevalierE. R. BielertM. BigliettiG. M. BileiB. BilkiC. BiscariF. BisharaO. R. Blanco-GarcíaF. R. BlánquezF. BlekmanA. BlondelJ. BlümleinT. BoccaliR. BoelsS. A. BogaczA. BogomyagkovO. Boine-FrankenheimM. J. BolandS. BolognaO. BolukbasiM. BombenS. BondarenkoM. BonviniE. BoosB. BordiniF. BordryG. BorghelloL. BorgonoviS. BorowkaD. BortolettoD. BoscheriniM. BoscoloS. BoselliR. R. BosleyF. BossuC. BottaL. BotturaR. BoughezalD. BoutinG. BovoneI. Božović JelisavićA. BozbeyC. BozziD. BozziniV. BracciniS. Braibant-GiacomelliJ. BramanteP. Braun-MunzingerJ. A. BriffaD. BritzgerS. J. BrodskyJ. J. BrookeR. BruceP. Brückman De RenstromE. BrunaO. BrüningO. BrunnerK. BrunnerP. BruzzoneX. BuffatE. BulyakF. BurkartH. BurkhardtJ. -P. BurnetF. ButinD. ButtazzoA. ButterworthM. CacciaY. CaiB. CaiffiV. CairoO. CakirR. CalagaS. CalatroniG. CalderiniG. CalderolaA. CaliskanD. CalvetM. CalvianiJ. M. CamalichP. CamarriM. CampanelliT. CamporesiA. C. CanbayA. CanepaE. CantergianiD. Cantore-CavalliM. CapeansR. CardarelliU. CardellaA. CardiniC. M. Carloni CalameF. CarraS. CarraA. CarvalhoS. CasalbuoniJ. CasasM. CascellaP. CastelnovoG. CastorinaG. CatalanoV. CavasinniE. CazzatoE. CenniniA. CerriF. CeruttiJ. CervantesI. ChaikovskaJ. ChakraborttyM. ChalaM. Chamizo-LlatasH. ChanalD. ChanalS. ChanceA. ChancéP. CharitosJ. CharlesT. K. CharlesS. ChattopadhyayR. ChehabS. V. ChekanovN. ChenA. ChernodedV. ChetvertkovaL. ChevalierG. ChiarelliG. ChiarelloM. ChiesaP. ChiggiatoJ. T. ChildersA. ChmielińskaA. CholakianP. ChomazM. ChorowskiW. ChouM. ChrzaszczE. ChyhyrynetsG. CibinettoA. K. CiftciR. CiftciR. CiminoM. CiuchiniP. J. ClarkY. CoadouM. CobalA. CoccaroJ. CoganE. CognerasF. CollamatiC. ColldelramP. CollierJ. CollotR. ContinoF. ConventiC. T. A. CookL. CooleyG. CorcellaA. S. CornellG. H. CorralH. Correia-RodriguesF. CostanzaP. Costa PintoF. CoudercJ. CoupardN. CraigI. Crespo GarridoA. CrivellinJ. F. CroteauM. CrouchE. Cruz AlanizB. CuréJ. CurtiD. CurtinM. CzechC. DachauerR. T. D’AgnoloM. DaiboA. DaineseB. DalenaA. DaljevecW. DallapiazzaL. D’Aloia SchwartzentruberM. DamG. D’AmbrosioS. P. DasS. DasBakshiW. da SilvaG. G. da SilveiraV. D’AuriaS. D’AuriaA. DavidT. DavidekA. DeandreaJ. de BlasC. J. DebonoS. De CurtisN. De FilippisD. de FlorianS. DeghayeS. J. de JongC. Del BoV. Del DucaD. DelikarisF. DeliotA. Dell’AcquaL. Delle RoseM. DelmastroE. De LuciaM. DemarteauD. DenegriL. DeniauD. DenisovH. DenizliA. DennerD. d’EnterriaG. de RijkA. De RoeckF. DerueO. DeschampsS. Descotes-GenonP. S. B. DevJ. B. de Vivie de RégieR. K. DewanjeeA. Di CiaccioA. Di CiccoB. M. DillonB. Di MiccoP. Di NezzaS. Di VitaA. DoblhammerA. DominjonM. D’OnofrioF. DordeiA. DragoP. DraperZ. DrasalM. DrewesL. DuarteI. DubovykP. DudaA. DudarevL. DudkoD. DuellmannM. DünserT. du PreeM. DuranteH. Duran YildizS. DuttaF. DuvalJ. M. DuvalY. DydyshkaB. DziewitS. EisenhardtM. EistererT. EkelofD. El KhechenS. A. EllisJ. EllisJ. A. EllisonK. ElsenerM. ElsingY. EnariC. EnglertH. ErikssonK. J. EskolaL. S. EspositoO. EtiskenE. EtzionP. FabbricatoreA. FalkowskiA. FalouJ. FaltovaJ. FanL. FanòA. FarillaR. FarinelliS. FarinonD. A. FaroughyS. D. FartoukhA. Faus-GolfeW. J. FawcettG. FeliciL. FelsbergerC. FerdeghiniA. M. Fernandez NavarroA. Fernández-TéllezJ. Ferradas TroitinoG. FerraraR. FerrariL. FerreiraP. Ferreira da SilvaG. FerreraF. FerroM. FiascarisS. FiorendiC. FiorioO. FischerE. FischerW. FliegerM. FlorioD. FonnesuE. FontanesiN. FoppianiK. ForazD. Forkel-WirthS. ForteM. FouaidyD. FournierT. FowlerJ. FoxP. FrancavillaR. FranceschiniS. FranchinoE. FrancoA. FreitasB. FuksK. FurukawaS. V. FurusethE. GabrielliA. GaddiM. GalantiE. GalloS. GanjourJ. GaoJ. GaoV. Garcia DiazM. García PérezL. García TabarésC. GarionM. V. GarzelliI. GarziaS. M. Gascon-ShotkinG. GaudioP. GayS. -F. GeT. GehrmannM. H. GenestR. GerardF. GerigkH. GerwigP. GiacomelliS. GiaguE. Gianfelice-WendtF. GianottiF. GiffoniS. S. GilardoniM. Gil CostaM. GiovannettiM. GiovannozziP. GiubellinoG. F. GiudiceA. GiuntaL. K. GladilinS. GlukhovJ. GluzaG. GobbiB. GoddardF. GoertzT. GollingV. P. GoncalvesR. GonçaloL. A. Gonzalez GomezS. Gorgi ZadehG. GorineE. GoriniS. A. GourlayL. GouskosF. GrancagnoloA. GrassellinoA. GrauE. GraveriniH. M. GrayMa. GrecoMi. GrecoJ. -L. GrenardO. GrimmC. GrojeanV. A. GromovJ. F. Grosse-OetringhausA. GrudievK. GrzankaJ. GuD. GuadagnoliV. GuidiS. GuiducciG. Guillermo CantonY. O. GünaydinR. GuptaR. S. GuptaJ. GutierrezJ. GutleberC. GuyotV. GuzeyC. GwenlanC. HaberstrohB. HacışahinoğluB. HaererK. HahnT. HahnA. HammadC. HanM. HanceA. HannahP. C. HarrisC. HatiS. HaugJ. HauptmanV. HaurylavetsH. -J. HeA. HegglinB. HegnerK. HeinemannS. HeinemeyerC. HelsensA. HenriquesA. HenriquesP. HernandezR. J. Hernández-PintoJ. Hernandez-SanchezT. HerzigI. HiekkanenW. HillertT. HoehnM. HoferW. HöfleF. HoldenerS. HolleisB. HolzerD. K. HongC. G. HonoratoS. C. HopkinsJ. HrdinkaF. HugB. HumannH. HumerT. HurthA. HuttonG. IacobucciN. IbarrolaL. Iconomidou-FayardK. Ilyina-BrunnerJ. IncandelaA. InfantinoV. IppolitoM. IshinoR. IslamH. ItaA. IvanovsS. IwamotoA. IyerS. Izquierdo BermudezS. JadachD. O. JaminP. JanotP. JarryA. JeffP. JennyE. JensenM. JensenX. JiangJ. M. JiménezM. A. JonesO. R. JonesJ. M. JowettS. JungW. KaabiM. KadoK. KahleL. KalinovskayaJ. KalinowskiJ. F. KamenikK. KannikeS. O. KaraH. KaradenizV. KaraventzasI. KarpovS. KartalA. KaryukhinV. KashikhinJ. Katharina BehrU. KayaJ. KeintzelP. A. KeinzK. KeppelR. KersevanK. KershawH. KhanpourS. KhatibiM. Khatiri YanehsariV. V. KhozeJ. KieselerA. KilicA. KilpinenY. -K. KimD. W. KimU. KleinM. KleinF. KlingN. KlinkenbergS. KlöppelM. KluteV. I. KlyukhinM. KnechtB. KniehlF. KocakC. KoeberlA. M. KolanoA. KolleggerK. KołodziejA. A. KolomietsJ. KomppulaI. KoopP. KoppenburgM. KoratzinosM. KordiaczyńskaM. KorjikO. KortnerP. KostkaW. KotlarskiC. KotnigT. KöttigA. V. KotwalA. D. KovalenkoS. KowalskiJ. KozaczukG. A. KozlovS. S. KozubA. M. KrainerT. KramerM. KrämerM. KrammerA. A. KrasnovF. KraussK. KravalisL. KretzschmarR. M. KriskeH. KritscherP. KrkoticH. KrohaM. KucharczykS. KudayA. KuendigG. KuhlmannA. KuleszaM. KumarM. KumarA. KusinaS. KuttimalaiM. KuzeT. KwonF. LacknerM. LacknerE. La FrancescaM. LaineG. LamannaS. La MendolaE. LançonG. LandsbergP. LangackerC. LangeA. LangnerA. J. LankfordJ. P. LansbergT. LariP. J. LaycockP. LebrunA. LechnerK. LeeS. LeeR. LeeT. LefevreP. Le GuenT. LehtinenS. B. LeithP. LenziE. LeograndeC. LeonidopoulosI. Leon-MonzonG. LernerO. LeroyT. LesiakP. LévaiA. LeverattoE. LevichevG. LiS. LiR. LiD. LiberatiM. LiepeD. A. LissauerZ. LiuA. LobkoE. LocciE. Logothetis AgaliotisM. P. LombardoA. J. LongC. LorinR. LositoA. LouzguitiI. LowD. LucchesiM. T. LucchiniA. LucianiM. LueckhofA. J. G. LuntM. LuzumD. A. LyubimtsevM. MaggioraN. MagninM. A. MahmoudF. MahmoudiJ. MaitreV. MakarenkoA. MalagoliJ. MalclésL. MalgeriP. J. MallonF. MaltoniS. MalvezziO. B. MalyshevG. MancinelliP. MandrikP. ManfrinettiM. ManganoP. ManilM. MannelliG. MarchioriF. MarhauserV. MarianiV. MarinozziS. MariottoP. MarquardC. MarquetT. Marriott-DodingtonR. MartinO. MartinJ. Martin CamalichT. MartinezH. Martinez BruzualM. I. Martínez-HernándezD. E. MartinsS. MarzaniD. MarzoccaL. MarzolaS. MasciocchiI. MasinaA. MassimilianoA. MassironiT. MasubuchiV. A. MatveevM. A. MazzoniM. McCulloughP. A. McIntoshP. MeadeL. MedinaA. MeierJ. MeignanB. MeleJ. G. Mendes SaraivaF. MenezM. MentinkE. MeoniP. MeridianiM. MerkP. MermodV. MertensL. MetherE. MétralM. MiglioratiA. MilaneseC. MilardiG. MilhanoB. L. MilitsynF. MilletI. MinashviliJ. V. MinerviniL. S. MirallesD. MirarchiS. MishimaD. P. MissiaenG. MitselmakherT. MitshuhashiJ. MnichM. Mohammadi NajafabadiR. N. MohapatraN. MokhovJ. G. MolsonR. MongeC. MontagG. MontagnaS. MonteilG. MonteneroE. MontesinosF. MoortgatN. MorangeG. MorelloM. Moreno LlácerM. MorettiS. MorettiA. K. MorleyA. MorosI. MorozovV. MorrettaM. MorroneA. MostacciS. MuanzaN. MuchnoiM. MühleggerM. MulderM. MuldersB. MüllerF. MüllerA. -S. MüllerJ. MunillaM. J. MurrayY. MuttoniS. MyersM. MylonaJ. NachtmanT. NakamotoM. NardecchiaG. NardiniP. NasonZ. NergizA. V. NesterenkoJ. A. NettoA. NettsträterC. NeubüserJ. NeundorfF. NiccoliO. NicrosiniY. NieU. NiedermayerJ. NiedzielaA. NiemiS. A. NikitinA. NisatiJ. M. NoM. NonisY. NosochkovM. NovákA. NovokhatskiJ. M. O’CallaghanC. OchandoS. OgurK. OhmiK. OideV. A. OkorokovY. OkumuraC. OleariF. I. OlnessY. OnelM. OrtinoJ. OsborneP. OslandT. OttoK. Y. OyulmazA. OzansoyV. ÖzcanK. ÖzdemirC. E. PagliaroneH. F. Pais da SilvaE. PalmieriL. PalumboA. PampaloniR. -Q. PanM. PanareoO. PanellaG. PanicoG. PanizzoA. A. PankovV. PantsyrnyC. G. PapadopoulosA. PapaefstathiouY. PapaphilippouM. A. ParkerV. ParmaM. PasqualiS. K. PatraR. PattersonH. PaukkunenF. PaussS. PeggsJ. -P. PenttinenG. PeónE. E. PerepelkinE. PerezJ. C. PerezG. PerezF. PérezE. Perez CodinaJ. Perez MoralesM. PerfilovH. PerneggerM. PeruzziC. PesK. PetersS. PetraccaF. PetrielloL. PezzottiS. PfeifferF. PiccininiT. PieloniM. PieriniH. PikhartovaG. PikursE. PilicerP. PiminovC. PiraR. PittauW. PłaczekM. PlaggeT. PlehnM. -A. PleierM. PłoskońM. PodeurH. PodlechT. PodzornyL. PoggioliA. PoironG. PoleselloM. Poli LenerA. PoliniJ. PolinskiS. M. PolozovL. PonceM. PontL. PontecorvoT. PortaluriK. PotamianosC. PrasseM. PrausaA. PreinerstorferE. PrematT. PriceM. PrimaveraF. PrinoM. PrioliJ. ProudfootA. ProvinoT. PugnatN. PukhaevaS. PuławskiD. PulikowskiG. PunziM. PuttiA. PyarelalH. QuackM. QuispeA. RacioppiH. RafiqueV. RaginelM. RaidalN. S. Ramírez-UribeM. J. Ramsey-MusolfR. RataP. RatoffF. RavottiP. Rebello TelesM. ReboudS. RedaelliE. RennerA. E. Rentería-OlivoM. RescignoJ. ReuterA. RibonA. M. RicciW. RieglerS. RiemannB. RiemannT. RiemannJ. M. RiffletR. A. RimmerR. RinaldesiL. RinolfiO. Rios RubirasT. RisseladaA. RivettiL. RivkinT. RizzoT. RobensF. RobertA. J. RobsonE. RochepaultC. RodaG. RodrigoM. Rodríguez-CahuantziC. RoganM. RoigS. Rojas-TorresJ. RojoG. RolandiG. RolandoP. RoloffA. RomanenkoA. RomanovF. RoncaroloA. Rosado SanchezG. RosazL. RossiA. RossiR. RossmanithB. RoussetC. RoyonX. RuanI. RuehlV. Ruhlmann-KleiderR. RuizL. RumyantsevR. RuprechtA. I. RyazanovA. SabaR. SadykovD. Saez de JaureguiM. SahinB. SailerM. SaitoF. SalaG. P. SalamJ. Salfeld-NebgenC. A. SalgadoS. SaliniJ. M. SalleseT. SalmiA. SalzburgerO. A. SampayoS. SanfilippoJ. SantiagoE. SantopintoR. SantoroA. Sanz UllX. SarasolaI. H. SarpünM. SauvainS. SavelyevaR. SawadaG. F. R. SborliniA. SchafferM. SchaumannM. SchenkC. ScheuerleinI. SchienbeinK. SchlengaH. SchmicklerR. SchmidtD. SchoerlingA. SchoningT. Schörner-SadeniusM. SchottD. SchulteP. SchwallerC. SchwanenbergerP. SchwemlingN. SchwergL. ScibileA. SciutoE. ScomparinC. SebastianiB. SeeberM. SegretiP. SelvaM. SelvaggiC. SenatoreA. SenolL. SerinM. SerlucaN. SerraA. SeryiL. SestiniA. SfyrlaM. ShaposhnikovE. ShaposhnikovaB. Y. SharkovD. ShatilovJ. SheltonV. ShiltsevI. P. ShipseyG. D. ShirkovA. ShivajiD. ShwartzT. SianS. SidorovA. SiemkoL. SilvestriniN. SimandF. SimonB. K. SinghA. SiódmokY. SiroisE. SirtoriR. SirvinskaiteB. SitarT. SjöstrandP. SkandsE. SkordisK. SkovpenM. SkrzypekE. SladeP. SlavichR. SlovakV. SmalukV. SmirnovW. SnoeysL. SoffiP. SollanderO. SolovyanovH. K. SoltveitH. SongP. SopickiM. SorbiL. SpallinoM. SpannowskyB. SpataroP. SphicasH. SpiesbergerP. SpillerM. SpiraT. SrivastavaJ. StachelA. StakiaJ. L. StanyardE. StarchenkoA. Y. StarikovA. M. StaśtoM. StateraR. SteerenbergJ. SteggemannA. StenvallF. StivanelloD. StöckingerL. S. StoelM. Stöger-PollachB. StraussM. StuartG. StupakovS. SuA. SubletK. SugitaL. SulakM. K. SullivanS. SultansoyT. SumidaK. SuzukiG. SylvaM. J. SyphersA. SznajderM. TaborelliN. A. TahirM. TakeuchiE. Tal HodC. TambascoJ. TanakaK. TangI. TapanS. TaroniG. F. TartarelliG. TassielliL. TavianT. M. TaylorG. N. TaylorA. M. TeixeiraG. Tejeda-MuñozV. I. TelnovR. TenchiniH. H. J. ten KateK. TerashiA. TesiM. TestaC. TetrelD. TeytelmanJ. ThalerA. ThammS. ThomasM. T. TiirakariV. TikhomirovD. TikhonovH. TimkoV. TisserandL. M. TkachenkoJ. TkaczukJ. P. TockB. ToddE. TodescoR. Tomás GarciaD. TommasiniG. TonelliF. ToralT. TorimsR. TorreZ. TownsendR. TrantD. TreilleL. TrentadueA. TricoliA. TricomiW. TrischukI. S. TropinB. TuchmingA. A. TudoraB. TurbiarzI. Turk CakirM. TurriT. TydecksJ. UsovitschJ. UythovenR. VaglioA. ValassiF. ValchkovaM. A. Valdivia GarciaP. ValenteR. U. ValenteA. -M. Valente-FelicianoG. ValentinoL. Vale SilvaJ. M. ValetR. ValizadehJ. W. F. ValleS. VallecorsaG. ValloneM. van LeeuwenU. H. van RienenL. van Riesen-HauptM. VarastehL. VecchiP. VedrineG. VelevR. VenessA. VenturaW. Venturini DelsolaroM. VerducciC. B. VerhaarenC. VernieriA. P. VerweijO. VerwilligenO. ViazloA. ViciniG. ViehhauserN. VignaroliM. VignoloA. VitranoI. VivarelliS. VlachosM. VogelD. M. VogtV. VölklP. VolkovG. VolpiniJ. von AhnenG. VorotnikovG. G. VoutsinasV. VysotskyU. WagnerR. WallnyL. -T. WangR. WangK. WangB. F. L. WardT. P. WatsonN. K. WatsonZ. WsC. WeilandS. WeinzierlC. P. WelschJ. WenningerM. WidorskiU. A. WiedemannH. -U. WienandsG. WilkinsonP. H. WilliamsA. WinterA. WohlfahrtT. WojtońD. WollmannJ. WomersleyD. WoogX. WuA. WulzerM. K. YanehsariG. YangH. J. YangW. -M. YaoE. YazganV. YermolchikA. YilmazA. YilmazH. -D. YooS. A. YostT. YouC. YoungT. -T. YuF. YuA. ZaborowskaS. G. ZadehM. ZahndM. ZanettiL. ZanottoL. ZawiejskiP. ZeilerM. ZerlauthS. M. ZernovG. Zevi Dell PortaZ. ZhangY. ZhangC. ZhangH. ZhangZ. ZhaoY. -M. ZhongJ. ZhouD. ZhouP. ZhuangG. ZickF. ZimmermannEmail authorJ. Zinn-JustinL. ZivkovicA. V. ZlobinM. ZobovJ. ZupanJ. Zuritathe FCC Collaboration, In response to the 2013 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics (EPPSU), the Future Circular Collider (FCC) study was launched as a world-wide international collaboration hosted by CERN. The FCC study covered an energy-frontier hadron collider (FCC-hh), a highest-luminosity high-energy lepton collider (FCC-ee), the corresponding 100km tunnel infrastructure, as well as the physics opportunities of these two colliders, and a high-energy LHC, based on FCC-hh technology. This document constitutes the fourth volume of the FCC Conceptual Design Report, devoted to the High-Energy Large Hadron Collider HE-LHC. It summarizes the HE-LHC physics discovery opportunities, presents the HE-LHC accelerator design, performance reach, and operation plan, discusses the underlying technologies, the civil engineering and technical infrastructure, and also sketches a possible implementation. Combining ingredients from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the high-luminosity LHC upgrade and adding novel technologies and approaches, the HE-LHC design aims at a hadron collider with about twice the centre-of-mass collision energy that the LHC can reach. Its performance aims at exploring physics beyond the Standard Model, signi cantly extending the LHC's direct and indirect sensitivity to new physics and discoveries.
Published: 2020

8. Angle Detection Using a Continuously Rotating Gyro for Large Scale Profile Evaluation – Reversal Measurement for Eliminating Gyro Drift –

Author: Tsuyoshi Suwada, Kazuro Furukawa, Eiki Okuyama, Tatsuya Kume, and Masanori Satoh
Subjects: 010309 optics, Physics, 0209 industrial biotechnology, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Scale (ratio), business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, 0103 physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Aerospace engineering, business, 01 natural sciences, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Abstract: Profile evaluation by detecting tangential angles of the profile is competent for large objects because it inherently requires no reference, which is difficult to define with sufficient accuracy as the object becomes larger. We considered using a gyro for detecting the angles instead of an inclinometer or an autocollimator, which are conventionally used as angle detectors. A gyro can detect angles without angular reference; therefore, profiles can be evaluated without the limitation of a reference. However, angles detected by a gyro generally have considerable fluctuations to ensure accuracy in the μrad range, which is the same level as a highly precise inclinometer. In this work, we adopted a periodic reversal measurement using a rotating mechanism to eliminate fluctuations. Analysis and experimental results show that the angles of the gyro’s rotating axis against the earth’s rotating axis can be derived from the angular signals of two gyros rotating in counter directions, and that this method is effective for reducing the influences of fluctuations.
Published: 2018

9. Evaluation of mean time between accidental interruptions for accelerator klystron systems based on the reliability engineering method

Author: Kazuro Furukawa, Yoshiharu Yano, Hayanori Takei, and Yujiro Ogawa
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Thermal fatigue, Klystron, Computer science, 020209 energy, Mean value, 02 engineering and technology, Injector, Linear particle accelerator, Reliability engineering, law.invention, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, law, High energy accelerator, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Beam (structure), Reliability (statistics)
Abstract: Frequent beam trips as experienced in existing high-power proton accelerators may cause thermal fatigue in Accelerator-Driven System components. In order to overcome the beam-trip problem, the beam-trip frequencies were estimated based on operational data on existing accelerators. However, there are at least three methods to calculate the mean time between accidental interruptions (MTBI) for one of the accelerator components, the klystron system. In this study, the four types of MTBI for the klystron systems of an electron/positron injector linear accelerator at the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization were compared based on the same operational data. In the analysis, the stop events of the klystron systems were classified, and the MTBI for the klystron systems was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier (KM) estimation, which is a representative non-parametric reliability method. As a result, the mean value of the MTBI found by the KM estimation was 57.3 ± 6.5 hours. On the other hand, the mea...
Published: 2018

10. Analysis and stabilization of AC line synchronized timing system for superKEKB

Author: Masanori Satoh, Kazuro Furukawa, Yoshinori Enomoto, Di Wang, Hiroshi Kaji, Hitoshi Sugimura, and Fusashi Miyahara
Subjects: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, business.industry, Electrical engineering, FOS: Physical sciences, AC power, Signal, Electrical grid, Line (electrical engineering), Synchronization (alternating current), Time-to-digital converter, Reliability (semiconductor), Physics::Accelerator Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics, Radio frequency, business, Instrumentation
Abstract: A timing system provides high-precision signals to allow the controls over a variety of hardware and software components in the accelerator complex. This is guaranteed by the radio frequency (RF) and trigger signal synchronization for subsystems such as klystrons, pulsed magnets, and beam monitors. The main trigger signal should be distributed throughout the facility and repeated at the beam repetition rate. This trigger signal is usually generated by the same phase of an AC power line to follow the source of the fluctuation of an electrical grid and reduce the unwanted variation of the beam quality. To fulfill the needs of the multi-accelerator facility at KEK, apart from the normal trigger synchronization and bucket selection injection control, a beam operation scheme called the pulse-to-pulse modulation is utilized; hence, the complexity of the timing system increases. Uncertainty in the system and a trigger signal delivery error caused by a drastic AC power line drift are observed. Further, the effort to establish a reliable timing system at KEK and several solutions to improve the system robustness are presented.
Published: 2021

11. Three-dimensional Spiral Injection Scheme Test Experiment

Author: H. Nakayama, Satoshi Ohsawa, Kazuro Furukawa, Hiromi Iinuma, Tsutomu Mibe, Muhammad Abdul Rehman, and Hiromi Hisamatsu
Subjects: Physics, Scheme (programming language), Topology, computer, Spiral, computer.programming_language
Published: 2019

12. Beam Control and Monitors for the Spiral Injection Test Experiment

Author: H. Nakayama, Hiromi Iinuma, Tsutomu Mibe, Kazuro Furukawa, Satoshi Ohsawa, Hiromi Hisamatsu, and Muhammad Abdul Rehman
Subjects: Physics, History, business.industry, Solenoid, Computer Science Applications, Education, Accelerator Physics, MC6: Beam Instrumentation, Controls, Feedback and Operational Aspects, Optics, Injection test, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Spiral (railway), business, Beam control
Abstract: A new experiment at J-PARC (E34) is under construction in order to measure the muon’s g-2 to unprecedented precision of 0.1 ppm and electric dipole moment up to the sensitivity of 10-21 e.cm in order to explore new physics beyond the standard model. A novel three-dimensional spiral injection scheme has been devised to inject and store the beam into a small diameter MRI-type storage magnet for E34. The new injection scheme features smooth injection with high storage efficiency for the compact storage magnet. However, spiral injection scheme is an unproven idea, therefore, a Spiral Injection Test Experiment (SITE) is underway to establish this injection scheme. The SITE is consist of 80 keV thermionic electron gun, two-meter-long beamline, and a solenoidal storage magnet. In order to match the beam with the solenoidal field, several optical elements have been placed on the beamline to control the beam phase space. The DC electron beam spiral track has been confirmed by the de-excitation of the nitrogen gas in the vacuum chamber of the storage magnet. A current monitor system has been developed in order to extract the beam current and geometrical information of three-dimensional trajectory. An electric chopper system to produce the pulsed beam and beam monitors to detect the pulsed beam will also be discussed in this paper., Proceedings of the 10th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2019, Melbourne, Australia
Published: 2019
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13. SuperKEKB Collider

Author: Kazunori Akai, Kazuro Furukawa, and Haruyo Koiso
Subjects: Physics, Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Luminosity (scattering theory), Interaction point, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Physics beyond the Standard Model, Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Nuclear physics, KEKB, Upgrade, law, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, 010306 general physics, Collider, Instrumentation, Beam (structure)
Abstract: SuperKEKB, a 7 GeV electron - 4 GeV positron double-ring collider, is constructed by upgrading KEKB in order to seek new physics beyond the Standard Model. The design luminosity of SuperKEKB is 8 x 10^35 /cm^2 /s - 40 times higher than that achieved by KEKB. The greater part of the gain comes from significantly decreasing the beam sizes at the interaction point based on the nanobeam collision scheme; the design beam currents in both rings are double those achieved in KEKB. Large-scale construction to upgrade both the collider rings and the injector was conducted, and beam commissioning without the Belle II detector and final-focus magnets was successfully carried out from February to June in 2016. Subsequently, renovation of the interaction region, including the installation of the final-focus magnets and Belle II, and construction in the final stage of a new positron damping ring were conducted. Having completed the interaction region, beam collision tuning is scheduled from March till July in 2018. This paper reviews the design, construction, and beam commissioning of SuperKEKB., Comment: Accepted by Nuclear Instruments and Method in Physics Research A (NIM A), latex(hyperref), one column, 21 pages, 17 figures, 3 tables. Fig.5 and Table.1 were updated
Published: 2018
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14. Wide dynamic range FPGA-based TDC for monitoring a trigger timing distribution system in linear accelerators

Author: Kazuro Furukawa, M. Shoji, M. H. Tanaka, Masahiro Ikeno, Tsuyoshi Suwada, and Fusashi Miyahara
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, KEKB, Gate array, Control system, Wide dynamic range, Electronic engineering, Field-programmable gate array, Instrumentation, Crystal oscillator, Linear particle accelerator, VMEbus
Abstract: A new field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based time-to-digital converter (TDC) with a wide dynamic range greater than 20 ms has been developed to monitor the timing of various pulsed devices in the trigger timing distribution system of the KEKB injector linac for the Super KEK B-factory project. The pulsed devices are driven by feeding regular as well as any irregular (or event-based) timing pulses. The timing pulses are distributed to these pulsed devices along the linac beam line with fiber-optic links on the basis of the parameters to be set pulse-by-pulse in the event-based timing and control system within 20 ms. For monitoring the timing as precisely as possible, a 16-ch FPGA-based TDC has been developed on a Xilinx Spartan-6 FPGA equipped on VME board with a resolution of 1 ns. The resolution was achieved by applying a multisampling technique, and the accuracies were 2.6 ns (rms) and less than 1 ns (rms) within the dynamic ranges of 20 ms and 7.5 ms, respectively. The various nonlinear effects were improved by implementing a high-precision external clock with a built-in temperature-compensated crystal oscillator.
Published: 2015

15. Straightness evaluation using inclinometers with a pair of offset bars

Author: Tatsuya Kume, Masanori Satoh, Kazuro Furukawa, Eiki Okuyama, and Tsuyoshi Suwada
Subjects: Measurement point, Engineering, Reproducibility, Cantilever, Offset (computer science), business.industry, General Engineering, Standard deviation, Linear particle accelerator, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, law, Inclinometer, business
Abstract: To evaluate the straightness of large objects, the use of an inclinometer is advantageous because it requires neither straight shape references nor transferring mechanisms. Herein, we consider adopting it for precise (with greater accuracy than 1 mm) evaluation of the straightness of linear particle accelerators (linacs) that are several hundred meters long or longer. In this study, the straightness evaluation of a 206-m-long part of the KEK injector linac was demonstrated using inclinometers with a pair of cantilevers called offset bars. The offset bars were adopted to extend the evaluation length by avoiding obstacles that block the evaluation path. Errors caused by the offset bars can be eliminated by reversal measurement considering the slope angles of the offset bars. The derived straightness corresponded with those derived by an alignment telescope and a laser-based alignment system within several millimeters and partly within several hundred micrometers. The reproducibility of slope angles for an arbitrary measurement point was 15 μrad at standard deviation. This corresponds to a standard deviation of 0.47 mm for straightness, with a total evaluation length of 500 m and measurement intervals of 2 m. The results indicate that our newly devised method is applicable for evaluating the straightness.
Published: 2015

16. Accelerator-driven systems

Author: Eduardo D. Greaves, Kazuro Furukawa, Motoyasu Kinoshita, Laszlo Sajo-Bohus, Andrey A. Myasnikov, Ritsuo Yoshioka, and Alexey M. Degtyarev
Subjects: Materials science, Breeder (animal), Fissile material, Nuclear engineering, Minor actinide, Molten salt, Incineration
Abstract: In this chapter, the accelerator-driven systems (ADS) are described. Since ADS are closely related to MSR, several topics are described: an introduction, a typical application of an Accelerator Molten Salt Breeder (AMSB) for fissile production, an application of minor actinide incineration, and a low-energy linear ADS application.
Published: 2017

17. Preliminary Design of FCC-ee Pre-Injector Complex

Author: Alexey Barnyakov, Katsunobu Oide, Kazuro Furukawa, Naoko Iida, Fusashi Miyahara, Frank Zimmermann, Alexey Levichev, Salim Ogur, Danila Nikiforov, and Yannis Papaphilippou
Subjects: Physics, History, Luminosity (scattering theory), Large Hadron Collider, Future Circular Collider, Accelerators and Storage Rings, 01 Circular and Linear Colliders, Linear particle accelerator, Computer Science Applications, Education, law.invention, Accelerator Physics, Nuclear physics, Bunches, law, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Thermal emittance, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Collider, Beam (structure)
Abstract: The design of a 100 km circular e⁺e⁻ collider with extremely high luminosity is an important component of the global Future Circular Collider (FCC) study hosted by CERN. FCC-ee is being designed to serve as Z, W, H and top factory, covering beam energies from 45.6 to 175 GeV. For the injectors, the Z-operation is the most challenging mode, due to the high total charge and low equilibrium emittance in the collider at this energy. Thus, fulfilling the Z-mode will also meet the demands for all other modes of FCC-ee. This goal can be achieved by using a 6 GeV NC linac with an S-band RF frequency of 2.856 GHz and a repetition rate of 100 Hz. This linac will accelerate two bunches per RF pulse, each with a charge of 6.5 nC. Positrons will be generated by sending 4.46 GeV e⁻ onto a hybrid target so that the e⁺ created can still be accelerated to 1.54 GeV in the remaining part of the same linac. The emittance of the e⁺ beam will then shrink to the nm level in a 1.54 GeV damping ring. After damping, the e⁺ will be reinjected into the linac and accelerated to 6 GeV. The e⁻ and e⁺ will then be accelerated alternately to 45.6 GeV in the booster, before they are injected into the collider., Proceedings of the 8th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2017, Copenhagen, Denmark
Published: 2017
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18. List of Contributors

Author: Michel Allibert, Charalampos Andreades, A.S. Bakai, Stephen Boyd, Wayne Boyes, Mariya Brovchenko, Antonio Cammi, Konrad Czerski, Zhimin Dai, Alexey M. Degtyarev, Sylvie Delpech, Lindsay Dempsey, Leslie Dewan, Valentino Di Marcello, Elling Disen, Thomas J. Dolan, I.V. Dulera, Victor Dykin, Lyndon Edwards, L. Berrin Erbay, Yu S. Fedorov, Charles Forsberg, Kazuro Furukawa, Stephan Gottlieb, Sophie Grape, Eduardo D. Greaves, Carl Hellesen, Fabian Herrmann, Daniel Heuer, Yasuo Hirose, Zara Hodgson, Boris Hombourger, Armin Huke, Ahmed Hussein, Yongjin Jeong, Lars Jorgensen, Motoyasu Kinoshita, Esben Klinkby, Jan L. Kloosterman, Jiří Křepel, John Kutsch, Vince Lackowski, Axel Laureau, David LeBlanc, Deokjung Lee, A.A. Lizin, Lelio Luzzi, Mark Massie, Elsa Merle, Andrey A. Myasnikov, Sergii Nichenko, Andreas Pautz, Imre Pázsit, Bent Lauritzen, Alessandro Pini, Leonid I. Ponomarev, Michael Prasser, Magdi Ragheb, A. Rama Rao, Andrei Rineiski, Sean Robertson, Cyril Rodenburg, Götz Ruprecht, Laszlo Sajo-Bohus, Raluca Scarlat, Troels Schønfeldt, Ian Scott, Yoichiro Shimazu, R.K. Sinha, Stephen Smith, Christopher Taylor, S.V. Tomilin, Jan Uhlíř, Evgeny P. Velikhov, P.K. Vijayan, Abdul Waris, Daniel Weißbach, and Ritsuo Yoshioka
Published: 2017

19. Large-scale accelerator alignment using an inclinometer

Author: Tsuyoshi Suwada, Masanori Satoh, Kazuro Furukawa, Eiki Okuyama, and Tatsuya Kume
Subjects: Propagation of uncertainty, Engineering, Scale (ratio), business.industry, General Engineering, Injector, Laser, Linear particle accelerator, Standard deviation, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, law, Inclinometer, business
Abstract: A precise inclinometer (Talyvel 4) was adopted for evaluating aligning straightness of the first 71 m of the KEK electron/positron injector linear accelerator (linac). The straightness could be evaluated with a standard deviation of less than 49 μm. It is in good agreement with those obtained using a conventional alignment telescope and our laser-based alignment system. Error estimation based on the rules of error propagation shows that shape evaluation with a standard deviation of 0.3 mm for a distance of 500 m can be achieved using the proposed method. It indicates that this method is suitable for evaluating straightness of several hundred meters of linacs with sub-millimeter of accuracy.
Published: 2013

20. Optimization of an hybrid positron source using channeling

Author: Peter Sievers, I. Chaikovska, Marius Chevallier, X. Artru, Takuya Kamitani, R. Chehab, K. Umemori, Kazuro Furukawa, H. Guler, S. Jin, Tsuyoshi Suwada, Masanori Satoh, Fusashi Miyahara, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, International Linear Collider, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, tungsten, Nuclear engineering, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ACC-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Accelerator Physics [physics.acc-ph], Radiation, 01 natural sciences, ILC Coll, Linear particle accelerator, law.invention, thermal, crystal, positron: particle source, Nuclear physics, Positron, Positrons, law, CERN CLIC, 0103 physical sciences, Thermal, radiation: channeling, Hybrid source, Converter, 010306 general physics, Collider, numerical calculations, Instrumentation, Channeling, Physics, Compact Linear Collider, hybrid, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Physics::Accelerator Physics, SPHERES, linear collider, Tungsten spheres
Abstract: International audience; The hybrid positron source made of a crystal-radiator, as a source of channeling radiation, and an amorphous converter is briefly described. Optimization of the heating effects and thermal shocks led to a granular converter made of small tungsten spheres. Simulation results with application to two linear collider projects CLIC and ILC are presented. A test operated with this kind of source at KEK is described and the results gathered last year, reported. Plans for the future are briefly described.
Published: 2016

21. Beam-commissioning study of high-intensity accelerators using virtual accelerator model

Author: H. Sako, Kazuro Furukawa, S. Machida, P.K. Saha, Kenta Shigaki, Yoshiro Irie, Fumiaki Noda, H. Harada, Y. Shobuda, and H. Hotchi
Subjects: Physics, Scheme (programming language), Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Virtual accelerator (VA), business.industry, Beam commissioning, Industrial control system, Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS), Synchrotron, law.invention, High-intensity accelerator, law, Control theory, Control system, Beam-commissioning tool, business, Instrumentation, computer, Computer hardware, Beam (structure), Communication channel, computer.programming_language
Abstract: In order to control large-scale accelerators efficiently, a control system with a virtual accelerator model was constructed. The virtual accelerator (VA) is an on-line beam simulator provided with a beam monitor scheme. The VA is based upon the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) and is configured under the EPICS input/output controller (IOC) in parallel with a real accelerator (RA). Thus, the machine operator can access the parameters of the RA through the channel access client and then feed them to the VA, and vice versa. Such a control scheme facilitates developments of the commissioning tools, feasibility study of the proposed accelerator parameters and examination of the measured accelerator data. This paper describes the beam commissioning results and activities by using the VA at the J-PARC 3-GeV rapid-cycling synchrotron (RCS).
Published: 2009

22. End-to-end absolute energy calibration of atmospheric fluorescence telescopes by an electron linear accelerator

Author: Hiroyuki Sagawa, T.-A. Shibata, Atsushi Enomoto, Kazuro Furukawa, Satoshi Ohsawa, Masanori Satoh, M. Ikeda, Tetsuo Shidara, Daisuke Ikeda, Masaki Fukushima, Takashi Sugimura, Minoru Yoshida, Shigeki Fukuda, and Kazuhisa Kakihara
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Electron, Linear particle accelerator, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, law, Calibration, Cathode ray, Physics::Accelerator Physics, business, Instrumentation, Beam (structure)
Abstract: The Telescope Array (TA) is a hybrid detector composed of atmospheric fluorescence telescopes and a ground array of particle detectors for the precise energy measurement of ultra high-energy cosmic rays. We propose an end-to-end absolute energy calibration of fluorescence telescopes by using air showers induced by electron beams from a linear accelerator, which will be installed at the site of the TA experiment and will have a well-measured beam energy. We have simulated electron beam dynamics and interaction of electrons in air to evaluate the accuracy of the beam energy determination, beam currents, air showers, and detector response using a beam simulation code (PARMELA) and GEANT4. We found that the systematic error of energy measurement estimated for the TA fluorescence telescopes can be reduced from 23% to 17% by this end-to-end energy calibration. We are developing and constructing a compact linear accelerator with a maximum electron energy of 40 MeV and an intensity of 6.4 mJ/pulse. In this article, we describe the method of absolute energy calibration and the design of the accelerator.
Published: 2008

23. Development of wide area environment accelerator operation and diagnostics method

Author: Kazuro Furukawa and Akito Uchiyama
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Hypertext Transfer Protocol, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), business.industry, computer.internet_protocol, Surfaces and Interfaces, Industrial control system, Control room, law.invention, Remote operation, WebSocket, Wide area network, law, Embedded system, lcsh:QC770-798, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, The Internet, business, computer, Remote control
Abstract: Remote operation and diagnostic systems for particle accelerators have been developed for beam operation and maintenance in various situations. Even though fully remote experiments are not necessary, the remote diagnosis and maintenance of the accelerator is required. Considering remote-operation operator interfaces (OPIs), the use of standard protocols such as the hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) is advantageous, because system-dependent protocols are unnecessary between the remote client and the on-site server. Here, we have developed a client system based on WebSocket, which is a new protocol provided by the Internet Engineering Task Force for Web-based systems, as a next-generation Web-based OPI using the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System Channel Access protocol. As a result of this implementation, WebSocket-based client systems have become available for remote operation. Also, as regards practical application, the remote operation of an accelerator via a wide area network (WAN) faces a number of challenges, e.g., the accelerator has both experimental device and radiation generator characteristics. Any error in remote control system operation could result in an immediate breakdown. Therefore, we propose the implementation of an operator intervention system for remote accelerator diagnostics and support that can obviate any differences between the local control room and remote locations. Here, remote-operation Web-based OPIs, which resolve security issues, are developed.
Published: 2015

24. Experimental study of positron production from silicon and diamond crystals by 8-GeV channeling electrons

Author: Takashi Sugimura, Kazuro Furukawa, I. E. Vnukov, R. Chehab, K. Yoshida, A. P. Potylitsyn, Takuya Kamitani, K. Umemori, J. Hara, R. Hamatsu, Masanori Satoh, Tsuyoshi Suwada, H. Okuno, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Silicon, chemistry.chemical_element, Coherent bremsstrahlung, Electron, engineering.material, Tungsten, 01 natural sciences, Crystal, Positron, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Single crystal, Diamond, Amorphous solid, Channeling radiation, chemistry, engineering, Atomic physics, Electron linear accelerator, Positron source
Abstract: We measured positron-production efficiency from an axially-oriented single crystal target by 8-GeV channeling electrons at the KEK electron/positron injector linac. The targets tested are silicon crystals with the thicknesses of 9.9, 29.9 and 48.15 mm, a diamond crystal with the thickness of 4.57 mm, and their combinations with amorphous tungsten plates. The crystal axis 〈1 1 0〉 has been aligned to the electron beam by a precise goniometer. The positron-production efficiency in the momentum range of 10–30 MeV/c was systematically investigated for each target by measuring the positron yield generated in the forward direction with a magnetic analyzer. The result shows that the maximum positron-production efficiency from the 29.9-mm-thick silicon and the 4.57-mm-thick diamond combined with amorphous tungsten are 6.1% and 2.9%, respectively, larger than that from amorphous tungsten at the momentum of 20 MeV/c. In such a light crystal target combined with amorphous tungsten, the total target thickness, which gives the maximum positron yield, is clearly reduced in comparison with that of the amorphous tungsten alone. The result is also compared with our previous experiments for tungsten crystal targets.
Published: 2005

25. Trigger-timing signal distribution system for the KEK electron/positron injector linac

Author: Kazuro Furukawa, Masanori Satoh, Norihiko Kamikubota, and Tsuyoshi Suwada
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Injector, Electron, Signal, Linear particle accelerator, law.invention, Nuclear physics, KEKB, Positron, law, Cathode ray, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Instrumentation, Storage ring
Abstract: The KEK electron/positron injector linac provides a short-pulse electron beam with an energy of 2.5 GeV for the Photon Factory (PF) storage ring, that with an energy of 3 GeV for the Advanced Ring (PF–AR) for pulse X-rays, and single-bunch electron and positron beams with energies of 8 and 3.5 GeV respectively for the KEK B-Factory (KEKB) storage rings. A trigger-timing signal distribution system of the injector linac was newly developed and extended for stable injection to the KEKB rings with the required injection-timing accuracy highly stabilized to less than 30 ps in root mean square because the old trigger system distributed the trigger-timing signals for the injection to the PF ring and the PF–AR with an injection-timing accuracy of 300 ps . In this report the design and its performance of the new trigger-timing signal distribution system are described in detail.
Published: 2004

26. The KEKB injector linac

Author: S. Anami, Tsuyoshi Suwada, Hiroaki Katagiri, Shigeki Fukuda, Haruyo Koiso, Y. Funakoshi, Norihiko Kamikubota, N. Akasaka, Kazuro Furukawa, T. Urano, I. Sato, Toshihiro Matsumoto, Naoko Iida, T. Oogoe, Yoshiharu Yano, Katsunobu Oide, J.W. Flanagan, Hitoshi Kobayashi, Yukiyoshi Ohnishi, Masaaki Suetake, K. Nakahara, Hiroyuki Honma, Hirofumi Hanaki, Yujiro Ogawa, S. Michizono, Kazuhisa Kakihara, Hiromitsu Nakajima, Mitsuo Kikuchi, A. Enomoto, A. Shirakawa, Tetsuo Shidara, Kotaro Satoh, T. Kawamoto, M. Ikeda, Y.Otake, H. Fukuma, Satoshi Ohsawa, S. Yamaguchi, Katsumi Nakao, Isamu Abe, M. Akemoto, and Takuya Kamitani
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Injector, Linear particle accelerator, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Acceleration, Positron, Upgrade, KEKB, law, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Instrumentation
Abstract: An 8-GeV electron/3.5-GeV positron injector for KEKB was completed in 1998 by upgrading the existing 2.5-GeV electron/positron linac. The main goals were to upgrade its accelerating energy from 2.5 to 8 GeV and to increase the positron intensity by about 20 times. This article describes not only the composition and features of the upgraded linac, but also how these goals were achieved, by focusing on an optics design and commissioning issues concerning especially high-intensity single-bunch acceleration to produce positron beams.
Published: 2003

27. Commissioning of KEKB

Author: Minoru Yoshida, Shigenori Hiramatsu, E. Perevedentsev, Shigeki Kato, Katsunobu Oide, Naoko Iida, Eiji Kikutani, Tatsuro Nakamura, Masafumi Tawada, Toshihiro Matsumoto, Mitsuo Kikuchi, Y. Wu, Masaaki Suetake, Kazuhito Ohmi, S. Uno, Noboru Yamamoto, Tsuyoshi Suwada, J. Haba, Toshiyuki Mitsuhashi, Takuya Kamitani, S. Yoshimoto, S. Kamada, Atsushi Enomoto, Kenji Hosoyama, Kazunori Akai, Shin-ichi Kurokawa, Kazuro Furukawa, Hitomi Ikeda, Yukiyoshi Ohnishi, Frank Zimmermann, N. Akasaka, J.W. Flanagan, Makoto Tobiyama, Yujiro Ogawa, Yoshihiro Funakoshi, Mika Masuzawa, Norihito Ohuchi, T. Ieiri, Satoshi Ohsawa, Masakazu Yoshioka, H. Fukuma, Toshihiro Mimashi, Yusuke Suetsugu, Haruyo Koiso, Masaki Tejima, Kotaro Satoh, and Takaaki Furuya
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Luminosity (scattering theory), KEKB, Detector, Beam instability, Beam emittance, Instrumentation, B-factory
Abstract: KEKB has been operated since December, 1998, to deliver BB pairs for a physics detector. In this paper,we describe the commissioning procedure of KEKB.
Published: 2003

28. KEKB accelerator control system

Author: A. Akiyama, I. Komada, T. Kawamoto, K. Kudo, Kazuro Furukawa, Jun-ichi Odagiri, Takashi Naito, Yukiyoshi Ohnishi, M. Sato, Masakazu Yoshioka, S. Takeda, T. Katoh, Masaaki Suetake, Noboru Yamamoto, Y. Takeuchi, Sakae Araki, Tatsuro Nakamura, Eji Kikutani, and N. Akasaka
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, business.industry, Industrial control system, Linear particle accelerator, KEKB, ARCNET, Control system, business, Interlock, Instrumentation, Computer hardware, Computer Automated Measurement and Control, VMEbus
Abstract: The KEKB accelerator control system including a control computer system, a timing distribution system, and a safety control system are described. KEKB accelerators were installed in the same tunnel where the TRISTAN accelerator was. There were some constraints due to the reused equipment. The control system is based on Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS). In order to reduce the cost and labor for constructing the KEKB control system, as many CAMAC modules as possible are used again. The guiding principles of the KEKB control computer system are as follows: use EPICS as the controls environment, provide a two-language system for developing application programs, use VMEbus as frontend computers as a consequence of EPICS, use standard buses, such as CAMAC, GPIB, VXIbus, ARCNET, RS-232 as field buses and use ergonomic equipment for operators and scientists. On the software side, interpretive Python and SAD languages are used for coding application programs. The purpose of the radiation safety system is to protect personnel from radiation hazards. It consists of an access control system and a beam interlock system. The access control system protects people from strong radiation inside the accelerator tunnel due to an intense beam, by controlling access to the beamline area. On the other hand, the beam interlock system prevents people from radiation exposure by interlocking the beam operation. For the convenience of accelerator operation and access control, the region covered by the safety system is divided into three major access control areas: the KEKB area, the PF-AR area, and the beam-transport (BT) area. The KEKB control system required a new timing system to match a low longitudinal acceptance due to a low-alpha machine. This timing system is based on a frequency divider/multiply technique and a digital delay technique. The RF frequency of the KEKB rings and that of the injector Linac are locked with a common divisor frequency. The common divisor frequency determines the injection timing. The RF bucket selection system is also described. r 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2003

29. Experimental study of positron production from a W single crystal by the KEK 8-GeV electron linac beam

Author: K. Yoshida, T. Fujita, T. Oogoe, R. Hamatsu, A. Enomoto, Yujiro Ogawa, Kazuro Furukawa, H. Okuno, A Ohsawa, S. Anami, V. Ababiy, A.P. Potylitsin, I. E. Vnukov, K. Sasahara, Kazuhisa Kakihara, Tsuyoshi Suwada, K. Umemori, and Takuya Kamitani
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Spectrometer, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Amorphous solid, Nuclear physics, Crystal, Positron, Goniometer, Cathode ray, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Atomic physics, Instrumentation, Single crystal, Beam (structure)
Abstract: We have measured the positron production efficiency from tungsten single-crystal targets using an 8 GeV electron beam. A single-bunch beam with a bunch width of 10 ps, a repetition rate of 2 Hz, and an intensity of 0.2 nC/bunch was incident on a target mounted on a precision goniometer. Positrons produced in the forward direction were detected by a magnetic spectrometer in the 10–20 MeV/c momentum range. Systematic data on the target-thickness dependence and the momentum distribution of the produced positrons were obtained for crystal targets. The results show that, when the crystal axis 〈1 1 1〉 is aligned to the electron beam direction, the positron yield increases compared to the amorphous case by factors of 6.5, 3.4 and 2.3 at 10 MeV/c for 2.2, 5.3 and 9.0 mm thick crystals, respectively. We observed that the positron yield from the 9.0 mm thick crystal is larger than the maximum yield attainable with 18–20 mm thick amorphous targets at 8 GeV.
Published: 2003

30. Pulse-to-Pulse Modulation of Injector Linac with Event Timing System

Author: T. Okazaki, Kazuro Furukawa, Takuya Kudou, Eiji Kikutani, Fusashi Miyahara, M. Iwasaki, Makoto Tobiyama, Masaaki Suetake, T. Kobayashi, Tatsuro Nakamura, Hiroshi Kaji, Masanori Satoh, and Shiro Kusano
Subjects: Physics, Acceleration, Modulation, Event (computing), law, Process (computing), Electronic engineering, Failure rate, Injector, Pulse-width modulation, Pulse (physics), law.invention
Abstract: The Pulse-to-Pulse Modulation of Injector Linac at KEK is developed for efficient injections. It automatically switches the beam mode with the real-time process. We integrated this system in 2009 to simultaneously perform the top-up filling into more than one rings with only one injector. The system is based on the Event Timing System. Recently, we upgraded the configuration of Event Timing System to satisfy the complicated requirements of SuperKEKB and developed the test procedure to understand stability of real-time process. The failure of real-time process at Main Trigger Station is intentionally caused when we shorten the allowed computing time as the stress test. The reasonable dependence between the failure rate and the allowed computing time is determined. It indicates we can evaluate the failure rate in case of normal operation at Main Trigger Station.
Published: 2014

31. Experimental study of positron production from crystal targets by 0.6–1.0 GeV electrons

Author: K. Takashima, R. Hamatsu, K. Yoshida, H. Nakagawa, K. Umemori, I. E. Vnukov, Kazuro Furukawa, Satoshi Ohsawa, A.P. Potylitsin, Atsushi Enomoto, H. Okuno, H. Kojima, M. Inoue, T. Fujita, Takuya Kamitani, S. Anami, T. Miyakawa, Yujiro Ogawa, M.Yu. Andreyashkin, and A. Masuyama
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Bremsstrahlung, chemistry.chemical_element, Electron, Tungsten, Amorphous solid, Crystal, Positron, chemistry, Cathode ray, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Atomic physics, Instrumentation, Single crystal
Abstract: In the framework of R&D on high-intensity positron sources for linear accelerators, we have studied a possibility of using tungsten (W) single crystal as a target in the 1 GeV electron energy region. Positron production efficiencies are measured for W crystal targets with different thicknesses (0.11, 0.34 and 0.63 X 0 ) and for combinations of a single crystal and an amorphous plate ( 1.5 X 0 in total thickness). When the 〈1 1 1〉 axis of the W crystal ( 0.34 X 0 thick) is aligned with the electron beam direction, positron yields are enhanced by 1.6–2.3 times compared to the non-aligned case at 0.6–1.0 GeV. In order to study the possible mechanism of the positron-yield enhancement in the aligned crystal, we have also measured the photon spectra. The obtained results are compared with simulations based on the coherent bremsstrahlung (CB) process. The rocking curve, the electron-energy dependence and the target-thickness dependence of the positron yields are explained predominantly by the CB process followed by the electromagnetic shower in this energy region.
Published: 2001

32. Enhancement of the characteristic X-ray yield from oriented crystal irradiated by high-energy electrons

Author: I. E. Vnukov, R. Hamatsu, K. Yoshida, M. Andreyashkin, K. Umemori, Takuya Kamitani, Atsushi Enomoto, Yoshifumi Takashima, H. Nakagawa, H. Kojima, Kazuro Furukawa, H. Okuno, Yujiro Ogawa, M. Masuyama, M. Inoue, Satoshi Ohsawa, S. Anami, T. Miyakawa, and A.P. Potylitsin
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Yield (engineering), Materials science, chemistry.chemical_element, Electron, Tungsten, Crystal, Characteristic X-ray, chemistry, Ionization, Cathode ray, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Atomic physics, Instrumentation, Beam (structure)
Abstract: In this report, results of a measurement of characteristic X-ray (CXR) yields from oriented tungsten crystal targets irradiated by 600–1000 MeV electrons are presented. Characteristic X-rays from tungsten are measured with a Si(Li) semiconductor detector placed at the backward direction with respect to the incident electron beam. We have observed an enhancement of the X-ray yield due to the K-shell ionization when the crystal axis 〈1 1 1〉 is oriented along the beam. The ratio of the K-line yield from the oriented crystal to the one from the disoriented crystal is about 1.6–1.9 for the target thickness of 1.2 mm at the electron energy of 1000 MeV. For L-line yields the enhancement is not appreciable. We demonstrated a possibility of using the orientation dependence of the CXR as a mean of aligning the crystal axis at the channeling condition to the beam.
Published: 2001

33. Experiment of positron generation using a crystal target at the KEK electron/positron linac

Author: Takuya Kamitani, A.P. Potylitsin, S Takenaka, K. Yoshida, S. Anami, Masataka Iinuma, A.M Kolchuzkin, I. E. Vnukov, Ichita Endo, M. Inoue, Tohru Takahashi, Yujiro Ogawa, A.V Bogdanov, Satoshi Ohsawa, Atsushi Enomoto, H. Okuno, and Kazuro Furukawa
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photon, Bremsstrahlung, Physics::Optics, Electron, Radiation length, Amorphous solid, Crystal, Positron, Cathode ray, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Atomic physics, Instrumentation
Abstract: We have performed an experiment of positron generation using a crystal target at an electron/positron linac at KEK. The target consists of a tungsten crystal to emit photons and an amorphous tungsten for pair creation, whose thicknesses are 0.5 and 2.0 radiation length, respectively. When the 〈1 1 1〉 crystal axis is oriented parallel to the 3 GeV incident electron beam, the positron yield is enhanced by 40% compared to values for the disoriented crystal. No effect of injecting intense ultra-short electron bunches on the crystalline structure is observed. The crystal orientation dependence of the positron yield as well as the enhancement factor can be explained by a simulation assuming a coherent bremsstrahlung process of the electron in the crystal.
Published: 2001

34. Building highly available control system applications with Advanced Telecom Computing Architecture and open standards

Author: Artem Kazakov and Kazuro Furukawa
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Serviceability (computer), business.industry, Application Interface Specification, Reliability, availability and serviceability, Software, Hardware Platform Interface, Open standard, High availability, Control system, Telecommunications, business, Instrumentation
Abstract: Requirements for modern and future control systems for large projects like International Linear Collider demand high availability for control system components. Recently telecom industry came up with a great open hardware specification – Advanced Telecom Computing Architecture (ATCA). This specification is aimed for better reliability, availability and serviceability. Since its first market appearance in 2004, ATCA platform has shown tremendous growth and proved to be stable and well represented by a number of vendors. ATCA is an industry standard for highly available systems. On the other hand Service Availability Forum, a consortium of leading communications and computing companies, describes interaction between hardware and software. SAF defines a set of specifications such as Hardware Platform Interface, Application Interface Specification. SAF specifications provide extensive description of highly available systems, services and their interfaces. Originally aimed for telecom applications, these specifications can be used for accelerator controls software as well. This study describes benefits of using these specifications and their possible adoption to accelerator control systems. It is demonstrated how EPICS Redundant IOC was extended using Hardware Platform Interface specification, which made it possible to utilize benefits of the ATCA platform.
Published: 2010

35. Positron Beams generated by an Electron LINAC and their application to Nano-Structures at SPF-KEK

Author: A.P. Mills, Tetsuo Shidara, Masao Doyama, Kazuhisa Kakihara, Kazuro Furukawa, A. Shirakawa, T. Oogoe, Yoshiaki Kogure, Makoto Ikeda, Yujiro Ogawa, Toshikazu Kurihara, M. Inoue, Hiroyuki Honma, Masanori Fujinami, Hiromitsu Nakajima, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Xingzhong Cao, Akira Yagishita, Akira Uedono, Atsushi Enomoto, and Satoshi Ohsawa
Subjects: Positron, Optics, Microscope, Materials science, business.industry, law, Nano, Electron linac, business, Linear particle accelerator, law.invention
Published: 2008

36. Development of an intense positron source using a crystal--amorphous hybrid target for linear colliders

Author: Tsunehiko Omori, Masanori Satoh, Tsuyoshi Suwada, Alessandro Variola, R. Chehab, Shin-ichi Kawada, K. Umemori, Takuya Kamitani, T. Takahashi, T. Akagi, O. Dadoun, V. M. Strakhovenko, Kazuro Furukawa, Junji Urakawa, Yuuki Uesugi, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima University, Théorie, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dept. Accelerateurs, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), KEK (High energy accelerator research organization), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Antiparticle, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Electron and positron linear accelerators, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ACC-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Accelerator Physics [physics.acc-ph], FOS: Physical sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Linear particle accelerator, Radiation length, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Crystal, Optics, KEKB, Positron, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Physics, business.industry, Amorphous solid, Crystal channeling, Cathode ray, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Atomic physics, business, Positron source
Abstract: In a conventional positron source driven by a few GeV electron beam, a high amount of heat is loaded into a positron converter target to generate intense positrons required by linear colliders, and which would eventually damage the converter target. A hybrid target, composed of a single crystal target as a radiator of intense gamma--rays, and an amorphous converter target placed downstream of the crystal, was proposed as a scheme which could overcome the problem.This paper describes the development of an intense positron source with the hybrid target. A series of experiments on positron generation with the hybrid target has been carried out with a 8--GeV electron beam at the KEKB linac. We observed that positron yield from the hybrid target increased when the incident electron beam was aligned to the crystal axis and exceeded the one from the conventional target with the converter target of the same thickness, when its thickness is less than about 2 radiation length. The measurements in the temperature rise of the amorphous converter target was successfully carried out by use of thermocouples. These results lead to establishment to the evaluation of the hybrid target as an intense positron source., 17pages, 10figures
Published: 2013

37. Precise angle detection by using a gyro

Author: Tatsuya Kume, Kazuro Furukawa, Eiki Okuyama, Tsuyoshi Suwada, and Masanori Satoh
Subjects: Physics, Optics, business.industry, business
Published: 2016

38. New control system with VME and workstations for the KEK e−/e+ linac

Author: Isamu Abe, Norihiko Kamikubota, Kazuro Furukawa, and K. Nakahara
Subjects: Ethernet, Physics, Unix, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Workstation, business.industry, computer.software_genre, Linear particle accelerator, law.invention, Software, law, Control system, Internet Protocol, Operating system, business, Instrumentation, computer, VMEbus
Abstract: A new control system has been introduced for the KEK electron/positron linac which comprises seven VME stations with the OS-9 operating system and UNIX-based workstations. All of the VME stations and workstations communicate with each other, using the TCP/IP protocol through an Ethernet connection. New control software has been developed with attention being paid to a smooth transition from the old control system. The new software provides transparent functions for controlling the basic accelerator components. The new system started operation in October, 1993.
Published: 1994

39. Absolute energy calibration of FD by an electron linear accelerator for Telescope Array

Author: S. Fukuda, Shoichi Ogio, Minoru Yoshida, Takashi Sugimura, Takuya Kamitani, Tetsuo Shidara, Daisuke Ikeda, Masaki Fukushima, Kazuro Furukawa, T. Shibata, Masahiko Ikeda, Atsushi Enomoto, Hiroyuki Sagawa, Kazuhisa Kakihara, Y. Kondo, Masanori Satoh, Toshiya Sanami, John N. Matthews, Hiroshi Iwase, and Satoshi Ohsawa
Subjects: Physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Particle accelerator, Cosmic ray, Electron, Kinetic energy, Linear particle accelerator, Particle detector, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Air shower, law, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Beam (structure)
Abstract: The primary energy of the ultra‐high energy cosmic rays(UHECR) are measured with the number of fluorescence photons which are detected with fluorescence detectors(FD) in the Telescope Array experiment(TA). Howevery since there is large uncertinty as 19% in the measurement of the energy scale, the most important theme is improvement of the energy calibration. The electron light source(ELS) is a small electron linear accelerator for new energy calibration. The ELS is located 100 m far from the FD station, and injects electron beam which is accelerated to 40 MeV energy into the sky. We can calibrate the FD energy scale by detection the air shower directly which is generated by the electron beam. The ELS was developed in KEK Japan, and moved to the TA site in March 2009. We started the beam operation in September 2010, in consequence we detected the air shower which was generated by electron beam in the air. The output kinetic energy of the electron beam was 41.1 MeV, we adjusted the output charge from 40 to 140 pC/pulse. We expect that we can improve the uncertinty of the energy scale to about 10% with the ELS, futhermore ELS will be a very useful apparatus for R&D of future UHECR observation.
Published: 2011

40. Beam test of radiation hardness of a scintillating tile/fiber calorimeter

Author: K. Yasuoka, Kazuro Furukawa, H. Kobayashi, M. Okabe, F. Abe, H. Takahashi, Y. Yoshimura, Y. Miyamoto, S. Miyashita, M. Mishina, Kiminori Kondo, T. Iinuma, N. Uemura, Y. Morita, J. Suzuki, Atsushi Enomoto, I. Nakano, Kazuhiko Hara, Shinhong Kim, Norihiko Kamikubota, Satoshi Ohsawa, T. Kaneko, Takuya Kamitani, A. Asami, S. Funaki, and K. Takikawa
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Calorimeter (particle physics), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Radioactive source, Physics::Medical Physics, Linear particle accelerator, Nuclear physics, Optics, Radiation damage, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Fiber, Irradiation, business, Instrumentation, Radiation hardening, Beam (structure)
Abstract: Radiation hardness of a scintillating tile/fiber calorimeter is studied by irradiating electromagnetic test modules with 2.5 GeV electrons at the KEK linac. The induced damage is evaluated in a 2 GeV electron test beam by measuring the reduction in pulse height after irradiation. The pulse height peak for 2 GeV electrons is found to decrease by 19.3 ± 1.3% for a dose of 0.61 Mrad and 14.9 ± 2.7% for 0.33 Mrad. In addition to these modules, several tile/fiber assemblies were irradiated up to 4.8 Mrad and the damage as a function of dose was measured with a radioactive source. Effects of radiation damage on the linearity and energy resolution at higher energies are evaluated using a GEANT simulation and the measured damage.
Published: 1992

41. C14(p,n)14N reaction atEp=35 MeV

Author: Kazuro Furukawa, M. Kabasawa, T. Kawamura, K. Miura, H. Orihara, Keizo Ishii, T. Nakagawa, Yukihiro Takahashi, H. Ohnuma, A. Satoh, and T. Niizeki
Subjects: Baryon, Nuclear reaction, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Proton, Nuclear Theory, Hadron, Elementary particle, Born approximation, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Nucleon, Omega
Abstract: Differential cross sections for the $^{14}\mathrm{C}$(p,n${)}^{14}$N reaction were measured at ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{p}}$=35 MeV. A number of spin-isospin excitations have been observed including Gamow-Teller-type ${0}^{+}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${1}^{+}$ and 0\ensuremath{\Elzxh}\ensuremath{\omega} and 1\ensuremath{\Elzxh}\ensuremath{\omega} jump stretched transitions. Distorted-wave Born-approximation calculations using shell-model wave functions have successfully reproduced the experimental results. Renormalization factors of about 0.5 were required for the spin-flip transitions leading to the 3.947-MeV ${1}^{+}$ state and to the 7.026-MeV ${2}^{+}$ state, where \ensuremath{\Delta}J(\ensuremath{\Delta}L,\ensuremath{\Delta}S)=1(0,1) and 2(2,1), respectively. Proton and neutron optical-potential parameters were derived in the course of the present work.
Published: 1992

42. An operator-console system of the photon factory injector linac

Author: Kazuro Furukawa, Norihiko Kamikubota, Kazuo Nakahara, and Isamu Abe
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photon, Workstation, business.industry, Electrical engineering, Injector, Linear particle accelerator, law.invention, law, Control system, Default gateway, Factory (object-oriented programming), business, Instrumentation, Storage ring
Abstract: It is sometimes difficult to unify accelerator control systems constructed in different ways. This problem arose in unifying the control systems of the injector linac and the storage ring making up the Photon Factory of the National Laboratory for High Energy Physics. One easy approach is to unify only the operator consoles; the unified console is connected to both separate control systems using gateways. The operator-console system of the Photon Factory injector linac has been designed and constructed using this approach. It consists of several workstations interconnected via a local-area network, a gateway to the old linac control network and a CATV system for the real-time display of the accelerator status. In this way the linac will be controlled from the control center of the Photon Factory storage ring.
Published: 1990

43. Recent progress in the control system of the KEK 2.5 GeV e−/e+ linac

Author: Isamu Abe, Kazuro Furukawa, Kazuo Nakahara, and Norihiko Kamikubota
Subjects: Ethernet, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Suite, Control software, computer.software_genre, Linear particle accelerator, Minicomputer, law.invention, law, Control system, Internet Protocol, Operating system, Instrumentation, computer
Abstract: The KEK 2.5 GeV linac is controlled by a distributed processor network having minicomputers and microcomputers interconnected with fiber-optic networks. This system has operated for seven years; however, the system capability has become inadequate for the increasing demands. Thus a new network system, using the TCP/IP protocol suite over Ethernet, has been introduced. New control software to enable more reliable operation of the linac is now under development.
Published: 1990

44. First application of a tungsten single-crystal positron source at the KEK B factory

Author: I. S. Tropin, Takuya Kamitani, T. Sumiyoshi, Kazuro Furukawa, Y. Endou, R. Hamatsu, T. Haruna, H. Okuno, A. P. Potylitsyn, R. Chehab, K. Yoshida, Takashi Sugimura, Masanori Satoh, Tsuyoshi Suwada, K. Umemori, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, chemistry.chemical_element, 29.17.+w, 29.25.−t, 41.75.Ht, 61.85.+p, Surfaces and Interfaces, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Tungsten, 01 natural sciences, Linear particle accelerator, B-factory, Crystal, KEKB, Positron, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, Cathode ray, lcsh:QC770-798, Physics::Accelerator Physics, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Single crystal
Abstract: A new tungsten single-crystal target has been successfully employed at the positron source of the KEKB injector linac. The crystal thickness was determined to be 10.5 mm based on previous systematic measurements of the positron-production efficiency. The crystal axis, $⟨111⟩$, was precisely aligned to the direction of the 4-GeV primary electron beam. The positron yield increased by $\ensuremath{\sim}25%$ compared to that for a conventional tungsten plate with a thickness of 14 mm. On the contrary, the steady-state heat load on the crystal target decreased by $\ensuremath{\sim}20%$. After a two-month operation, no degradation of the positron-production efficiency was observed, and the crystal target has been stably operating at the KEK B factory.
Published: 2007

45. Status of R&D efforts toward the ERL-based future light source in Japan

Author: Nobuhiro Kikuzawa, Eiji Kako, Masanori Satoh, M. Tadano, S. Yamamoto, H. Tomizawa, Shinichi Sasaki, Shigeki Fukuda, Makoto Tobiyama, Shigenori Hiramatsu, Hiroshi Kawata, Kenji Hosoyama, Isao Ito, Masaaki Izawa, Toshiyuki Mitsuhashi, Satoshi Ohsawa, Takeshi Takahashi, K. Shinoe, Kimichika Tsuchiya, Atsushi Enomoto, T. Shishido, Eisuke Minehara, S. Sakanaka, T. Agoh, A. Mochihashi, H. Kudoh, Tsuyoshi Suwada, Kazuro Furukawa, Tohru Honda, Tsukasa Miyajima, Takashi Obina, Masao Kuriki, K. Satoh, Nobuyuki Nishimori, Masafumi Tawada, Kentaro Harada, Yukinori Kobayashi, T. Shibuya, Ryoji Nagai, H. Iijima, Mitsuo Kikuchi, Masahiro Katoh, Ryoichi Hajima, Takashi Naito, Toshiyuki Ozaki, Hiroyuki Takaki, Takaaki Furuya, Shinya Nagahashi, Kensei Umemori, T. Kasuga, Kaiichi Haga, Hirofumi Hanaki, A. Ishii, Masaru Sawamura, Tatsuro Shioya, Takashi Uchiyama, Masaaki Ono, Yasunori Tanimoto, M. Shimada, Shuichi Noguchi, H. Sasaki, Hiroshi Sakai, Takashi Nogami, and Norio Nakamura
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Light source, Synchrotron light source, Engineering physics, Energy recovery linac
Abstract: The energy recovery linac is a very promising synchrotron light source in future. We are contemplating to realize a ERL_based next generation light source in Japan, under a collaboration between KEK, JAEA, ISSP, and other SR institutes. To this end, we started R&D efforts on its key technologies, including a low-emittance photocathode gun and superconducting cavities. We also plan to assemble these technologies into a small test ERL, and to demonstrate their operations. We report our R&D status.
Published: 2007

46. Current status of virtual accelerator at J-PARC 3 GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron

Author: Hideaki Hotchi, F. Noda, Kenta Shigaki, H. Suzuki, Kazuro Furukawa, Yoshiro Irie, H. Harada, Hiroyuki Sako, and Shinji Machida
Subjects: Physics, Process (computing), Particle accelerator, Industrial control system, Synchrotron, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Acceleration, law, Control system, Physics::Accelerator Physics, J-PARC, Simulation, Beam (structure)
Abstract: We have developed a Virtual Accelerator based on Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) for 3 GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) in Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC). It has a simulator of a beam for a complex accelerator and is put under the control server in parallel with the real machine. It is possible to make a dryrun without a beam, and consequently the Virtual Accelerator gives a strong feedback for the RCS operation as a commissioning tool. In that way, we can examine the control system of the real machine and practice the commissioning of the real machine by using the Virtual Accelerator. It is important to have the tool based on beam dynamics with realistic machine parameters to increase operational performance. We have constructed the Virtual Accelerator system based on EPICS and acceleration process has been implemented into the Virtual Accelerator. A simulation of multi-particles tracking, which we call a dryrun, has been performed on the Virtual Accelerator. Beam energy, synchrotron oscillations and adiabatic damping for horizontal and vertical have been checked out of the dryrun using the Virtual Accelerator. We present the concept of the Virtual Accelerator system and current status of the development.
Published: 2007

47. The ILC global control system

Author: Stefan Simrock, J. Carwardine, Kazuro Furukawa, V. Pavlicek, J. F. Patrick, E. Gottschalk, Ned Arnold, Kay Rehlich, S. Lackey, Brian Chase, B. Banerjee, R.S. Larsen, Shinichiro Michizono, R. W. Downing, Frank Lenkszus, S. Wolbers, Paul Kasley, Paul Joireman, P. McBride, M. Votava, and C. Saunders
Subjects: Physics, Operability, International Linear Collider, Automatic control, Work (electrical), Scale (chemistry), Control system, Systems engineering, Maintainability, Synchronization
Abstract: The scale and performance parameters of the ILC require new thinking in regards to control system design. This design work has begun quite early in comparison to most accelerator projects, with the goal of uniquely high overall accelerator availability. Among the design challenges are high control system availability, precision timing and rf phase reference distribution, standardizing of interfaces, operability, and maintainability. We present the current state of the design and take a prospective look at ongoing research and development projects.
Published: 2007

48. Energy-Spread Feedback System for the KEKB Injector Linac

Author: Masanori Satoh, Kazuro Furukawa, and Tsuyoshi Suwada
Subjects: Physics, business.industry, Electrical engineering, Injector, Feedback loop, Linear particle accelerator, law.invention, KEKB, Data acquisition, law, Electronic engineering, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Oscilloscope, business, Beam (structure), Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: Some feedback loops are needed to perform the stable beam operation in the long term. The beam orbit and energy feedback loops are widely used for the linac beam operations of many facilities. In addition, the beam energy spread control is also effective for the stable beam operation. In order to realize the energy-spread feedback, the non-destructive beam-energy-spread monitor (ESM) has been developed for the KEKB injector linac. This monitor is an ordinary strip-line type beam monitor with eight electrodes instead of four electrodes. Three EMSs have been installed in the KEKB injector linac for a regular energy-spread measurement. One of them is used for the energy-spread feedback operation. This system works well. In this paper, we will present the energy-spread feedback system for the KEKB injector linac in detail.
Published: 2006

49. Recent Progress at KEKB

Author: Kiyokazu Ebihara, Masaaki Ono, Kazuro Furukawa, Hitomi Ikeda, Mitsuo Kikuchi, Yasuchika Yamamoto, Noboru Yamamoto, Tatsuro Nakamura, J. Haba, Shigeki Kato, Takashi Sugimura, Kazuhito Ohmi, S. Uno, Naoko Iida, Mika Masuzawa, Shigenori Hiramatsu, Haruyo Koiso, Masaki Tejima, Eiji Kikutani, H. Nakayama, K. Akai, N. Tokuda, Makoto Tobiyama, Miho Shimada, Takuya Kamitani, Tsuyoshi Suwada, Atsushi Enomoto, Takaaki Furuya, T. Ieiri, Katsunobu Oide, Samo Stanič, Yukiyoshi Ohnishi, Masafumi Tawada, Tatsuya Kageyama, Frank Zimmermann, J.W. Flanagan, Yoshiharu Yano, Y. Funakoshi, Yujiro Ogawa, S. Uehara, M. Yoshida, Norihito Ohuchi, Hitoshi Fukuma, Masaaki Suetake, Ma. Yoshida, Toshihiro Mimashi, Yusuke Suetsugu, A. Morita, K. Yokoyama, S. Yoshimoto, Kazumi Egawa, and S. Kamada
Subjects: Physics, Bellows, KEKB, business.industry, Electrical engineering, Superconducting magnet, business
Abstract: We summarize the machine operation of KEKB during past one year focusing on progress for this period.
Published: 2006

50. New energy-spread-feedback control system using nondestructive energy-spread monitors

Author: Kazuro Furukawa, Tsuyoshi Suwada, and Masanori Satoh
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), business.industry, Surfaces and Interfaces, Electron, Injector, Linear particle accelerator, law.invention, Optics, KEKB, Positron, law, Control system, Cathode ray, lcsh:QC770-798, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, business, Collider
Abstract: A new energy-spread feedback control system using nondestructive energy-spread monitors has been developed in order to control and stabilize the energy spreads of single-bunch electron and positron beams in the KEKB injector linac. A well-controlled feedback system has been successfully working in daily operation not only for keeping the injection rate higher along with the beam-orbit and energy-feedback control system, but also for reducing the background level to the KEKB collider experiment. The energy spreads of the injection beams have been well stabilized within 0:33 � 0:01% and 0:50 � 0:02% (0:55 � 0:06%) for the electron beam and the first (second) bunch of the high-current primary electron beam for positron production at the 180 � arc, respectively, and within 0:39 � 0:01% (0:36 � 0:03%) for the first (second) bunch of the positron beam at the end of the injector linac through the energy-spread feedback control system under the nominal operation condition. In this report we describe in detail the energyspread feedback control system using nondestructive energy-spread monitors with multi‐strip-line electrodes and their performance in KEKB operation.
Published: 2005

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