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To fabricate the aspherical lens precisely, a machining apparatus with ultra-high precision has been developed by using NC EEM(numerically controlled elastic emission machining). The developed machining apparatus has following characteristics : (1) The measuring instrument is attached to the machining apparatus in order to be able to measure the aspherical shape of the lens without taking off the lens. (2) The rotating axis coupled to the center of lens holder is adopted in the developed machining apparatus, so as to be suitable for the fabrication of the axial symmetric aspherical lens. This paper describes construction, operation, characteristics of the developed machining apparatus. And some fabrication examples are also presented. The fabrication accuracy of the developed machining apparatus was ± 0.05 μ m.

With the advent of synchrotron radiation sources, interest has increased in the development of microfocusing optics. In order to develop high performance multilayer zone plate (ZP) for use in the hard X-ray region, Ag/C concentric multilayers were prepared using various deposition parameters. A dependence of the multilayer interface (zone) configuration on the Ar gas pressure was observed: the multilayer prepared at the lowest Ar gas pressure had the smoothest zomes. From the focusing test of the ZP, a submicrometre hard X-ray microbeam was realized.

Hard X-ray microprobes from synchrotron radiation ( SR ) sources should be powerful tools for various fields of research. A Fresnel zone plate ( FZP ) is a promising focusing element for X-ray. In order to develop high performance multilayer FZP for use in hard X-ray region, Ag/C and Cu/Al concentric multilayers were prepared by some deposition parameters. A dependence of the zone boundary structures on the Ar gas pressure was observed: the multilayer prepared at lower Ar gas pressure had smoother zones. Substrate cooling did not improve the zone boundary structures. From the focusing test of the Cu/Al FZP by the SR, a microbeam of 1.3 μ m ø has been obtained for 8 KeV X-ray (λ =0.154nm).

The kinetics of the thermal cis-to-trans isomerization of N,N′-diacylindigos(DAI) in various solvents and under high pressures has been studied. N,N′-Dibenzoylindigos(DBI) isomerize about 10 times slower than molecules not having a benzene ring in the acyl groups. The values of the activation volumes were about 8.0 cm3 mol−1 for the former and about 3.0 cm3 mol−1 for the latter. It was suggested that the thermal isomerization proceeds via the biradical mechanism. The positive values of the activation volume have been interpreted in terms of the increase in the intrinsic volume upon activation. The differences in the isomerization rates and the activation parameters between DBI and the others have been ascribed to an additional interaction between the two phenyl rings in the acyl groups in the cis-ground state.

本報では,ダイヤモンド研削式NC非球面レンズ研磨機と3軸双子型スモールツールの開発とその経緯について概説し,新型の2軸偏心量可変型スモールッールについて,その原理,構造,機能を詳しく述べた.次いで,これによる非球面研磨の検証として輪帯研磨,球面の放物面化について述べた.非球面製作技術の研究は最近著しく進歩し,非球面の用途も拡大されてそれにふさわしい新しい方式が次々と実用化されつつあるが,人工衛星搭載用リモートセンシングカメラや天体望遠鏡のような大型で高精度の光学系への対応はまだ不十分と思われ,今後も精力的な開発努力が必要である.