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Total colonic duplications are rare. This case is reported here in order to discuss the treatment of tubular duplication of the entire colon, appendix and terminal ileum. A 2-year-old girl was admitted with complaints of vomiting, abdomen distension, and defecation difficulty. During laparotomy, a tubular duplication with separate mesentery which had no common intestinal wall was detected at the last 20 cm of the ileum. This duplication continued with a common wall and mesentery from the cecum to the sigmoid colon ending blindly. Resection anastomosis was performed for the completely separated tubular duplication at the terminal ileal segment. The remaining tubular duplication, continuing along the cecum, appendix and colon, could not be resected because of its common mesentery, vascular system, and wide common wall with the normal colon. Colotomy performed at the site of sigmoid colon allowed for the opening of the distal of the cyst to normal colon lumen. Gastrointestinal duplication cysts should be kept in mind in patients with chronic abdominal distension. Surgical treatment methods differ because of the different features and localizations of this tubular duplication.

Introduction:The aim of this study was to reveal the factors that affect the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing surgery in our university hospital for intestinal atresia (IA) and to share our experience.Methods:We analyzed data from 74 newborns with IA who underwent surgical treatment between January 1997 and December 2016.Results:The study population consisted of 40 female and 34 male newborns with a mean age at diagnosis of 6.4±8.3 days. The mean birth weight was 2.3±0.6 kg, the mean gestational age was 35.6±2.8 weeks, the mean maternal age was 28.9±6.1 years, and the mean hospitalization time was 24.5±25.3 days. Duodenal atresia was the most common diagnosis (n=31, 42%) and colonic atresia the least common (n=2, 3%). The longest and shortest mean hospital stays occurred in patients with jejunal (32.8±41.6 days) and those with colonic (8±0 days) atresia, respectively. Although the survival rates were low in newborns with either intestinal or duodenal atresia (80% or 81%, respectively), all patients with pyloric or colonic atresia survived. Of the patients who died, 82% (9/11) had additional congenital abnormalities (X2=8.461, p=0.004), which included major cardiac defects (n=3), Down syndrome (n=2), biliary atresia (n=1), esophageal atresia + tracheoesophageal fistula + anal atresia + tracheal atresia (n=1), esophageal atresia + tracheoesophageal fistula (n=1), and microcephaly (n=1). The mean hospital stay of patients with or without additional abnormalities was 26.4±21.4 or 23.04±28.04 days, respectively (p=0.207).Conclusion:Among newborns with IA, duodenal atresia was the most common diagnosis and colonic atresia the least common. Additional congenital abnormalities negatively affect the hospital stay and mortality rate of newborns with IA.

Introduction:The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of tetracycline (TC), clarithromycin (CM) and bleomycin (BLM) on the cyst diameter and ovarian tissues in the treatment of simple ovarian cysts.Methods:We employed Wistar albino female rats (n=38) to create ovarian cysts, and did not intervene in any form in the control group (GC) (n=6). In total, 32 female rats underwent unilateral salpingectomy for the creation of cysts. Macroscopic cysts were manifested in 25 (78%) rats who underwent salpingectomy. We divided the rats (n=25) with cysts into four groups. Salpingectomy with saline was performed in G1, salpingectomy with tetracycline (TC) was performed in G2, and salpingectomy with Clarithromycin (CM) was performed in G3. Additionally, salpingectomy with BLM was exploited in G4.Results:There was a significant decrease in the diameter of the cyst in G2 as compared to G1, but there was no significant difference among the other groups. There was no significant change in total ovarian reserve in the groups (p=0.066). There was a statistically significant increase in fibrosis in G1 and G3 groups as compared to GC (p

Dysplastic kidney cysts are developmental cysts of the kidney. They are mostly multi-cystic, and usually involve the whole kidney. In addition, the segmental and solitary form is rare. A one-year-old boy with an antenatal ultrasound diagnosis of a left kidney cyst was followed-up. Postnatal ultrasound examination revealed a duplex left kidney with a cystic dilatation in the upper pole and a normal appearing parenchyma in the lower pole. The cystic lesion (10×10 cm) with an upper polar location that did not show any regression was excised laparoscopically. The ureter communicating with the cystic component of the kidney was not seen on the left side during laparoscopy. Histopathologic diagnosis was a cystic renal dysplasia. We present a very rare case of a duplex kidney with a solitary dysplastic cyst and ureteric atresia and discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic process.

This study investigated changes in the concentrations of serum and urine neutrophil gelatinase lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), interleukin 18 (IL-18), and cystatin-C (Cys-C) induced by parenchymal and tubular damage following blunt kidney trauma, as well as their potential utility as biomarkers in the detection and follow-up of patients with suspected blunt renal trauma. Three-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 18) were divided into three groups (n = 6 in each): group 1: control group (no intervention); group 2: sham group (explorative surgery and exposure of the left kidneys); and group 3: trauma group (explorative surgery and induction of blunt renal trauma of the left kidneys). Serum and urine samples were collected before and 12-24, 36-48, and 60-72 hours later for NGAL, KIM-1, IL-18, and Cys-C measurements. In the trauma group, there was a statistically significant increase in post-operative NGAL, KIM-1, and IL-18 values after 12-24 h and 36-48 h, as compared with pre-operative values. There was also a statistically significant increase in post-operative serum and urine Cys-C values after 60-72 h, as compared with pre-operative values. NGAL, KIM-1, and IL-18 may represent novel non-invasive descriptive candidate biomarkers of early-stage tubular damage in children with renal trauma.

Germ cell tumors may manifest as a burned-out testis tumor in the abdomen that is characterized by lymph node metastasis or another manifestation of a metastatic neoplasm with a partially or totally histologically regressed, occult primary tumor in the testis.An 8-month-old boy presented with abdominal mass and hypospadias. On physical examination, a palpable abdominal mass in the left abdomen, the absence of the left testis in the scrotum, and hypospadias were found. Color flow Doppler ultrasonography revealed a well-defined, hypoechoic mass with no vascular flow. A laparoscopy was performed. No testis was found in the inguinal region and the abdomen. An amputated, smooth surface with brown color mass was found in the retrovesical area of the peritoneum. The mass was removed, and macroscopic examination of the lesion yielded a well-defined, stone hard mass. No live tissue was found histopathologically. Immunohistochemical studies revealed relatively positive findings for germ cell tumor.To our knowledge, this case report is the first burned-out germ cell tumor that developed in the undescended testis in children. Here, we present the clinical and imaging findings of a burned-out germ cell tumor of the undescended testis.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effects of the rs965623242 reference single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on the ZIC5 gene in patients with neural tube defect (NTD). Patients and Methods: One hundred sixty-eight controls and one hundred sixty-eight NTD patients were included in the study. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) isolation from peripheral blood samples was carried out for all participants. rs965623242 polymorphic region was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and then sequenced. Results: In the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of the first exon, guanine (G) to adenine (A) base change was detected in the 38th base of NM_033132.5. G to A base change was determined as GG genotype in 117 (69.6%), AG genotype in 30 (17.86%), and AA genotype in 21 (12.5%) patients. In the control group, GG genotype in 107 (63.7%), AG genotype in 23 (13.7%) and AA genotype in 38 (22.7%) were observed. The statistically significant difference was observed between the NTD and the control groups in ZIC5 genotypes or allele frequencies [p=0.044, odds ratio (OR)=0.49 (0.27-0.88) and p=0.021, OR=0.65 (0.46-0.93), respectively]. Conclusion: ZIC5 rs965623242 polymorphism may have a protective role in the NTD development in the Eastern Anatolian population, in Turkey. Although, these findings demonstrate that the rs965623242 polymorphism is associated with NTD, we do not clarify how its expression is affected during the embryonic period and ongoing processes. We will need advanced ongoing genetic and clinical studies to obtain more detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The hydatid cyst (HC) is an endemic parasitic disease worldwide. Although the HC can locate in every part of a body, it rarely occurs over the abdominal wall. A 12-year-old female patient was brought to Department of Pediatric Surgery, Firat University School of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey in 2017. She had been suffering from abdominal pain for one week. A lump was determined underneath her skin in the suprapubic region. It was swollen, tense and movable. A cystic mass filling the midline was found in the radiological bladder superior. It was an anechoic cyst causing ondulation on the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall. The sizes of the mass were measured approximately as 9x7 cm (mesentery cyst?). The cystic mass was occurred in the urachal area of the anterior abdominal wall, not in the abdomen. After the cyst was emptied with applying mini median incision below the umbilicus, we saw the germinative membrane inside the cyst. Diagnosis of the HC was confirmed with the pathologic evaluation. For the differential diagnosis of a pure cystic mass, which can locate in every part of a body, diagnosis of the HC should be considered.

Choledochocele (type 3 choleduct cyst) is rarely seen in children. Here we report the case of a 5-year-old female who complained of abdominal pain for 2 years. A choledochocele with a diameter of 31 mm localized on the second part of the duodenum, in the periampullary region, was detected. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a mass starting from the second part of the duodenum and constricting the duodenal lumen. A 2-cm-long incision was made at the apex of the cyst using a needle tip sphincterectome and three 5- to 6-mm stones were extracted. There were no postoperative complications.