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Abstract Background The collum angle, tooth dimensions, root length, and alveolar bone thickness have a significant impact on orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. The boundaries of orthodontic tooth movement are determined by alveolar bone thickness and dimensions while the collum angle determines the appropriate positioning of the root relative to the cortical plate. This study aimed to compare the collum angle, crown dimensions, root length, and alveolar bone thickness of the upper and lower incisors, canines, and premolars in subjects with varying anteroposterior relationships. Methods Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images of 89 patients (178 teeth/tooth type) were included in the study. The patients were divided into 4 subgroups according to the incisor relationship. Group 1: Class I (64/tooth type), Group 2: Class II Div 1 (28/ tooth type), Group 3: Class II Div 2 (28/tooth type), and Group 4: Class III (58/ tooth type). The following variables were measured using Carestream CS 3D imaging software on coronal, sagittal, oblique, and reconstructed panoramic views: collum angle, mesiodistal crown width, crown height and thickness, root length, and alveolar bone thickness. Results In Class II Div 2 subjects, the collum angles of the upper central and upper lateral incisors were increased. Class III subjects had an increased root length of the upper first premolars, upper central incisors, and lower first and second premolars compared to other groups. In Class II Div 2 subjects, the mesiodistal crown widths were increased in the lower canines compared to Class I and Class III and in the lower central incisors compared to Class II Div 1 and Class III, the height of the crowns was increased in the upper lateral incisors compared to Class III and Class I and in the upper central incisors compared to Class I and Class II Div 1, the buccolingual thickness of teeth was increased in the upper central incisors compared to Class I, Class II Div 1, and Class III and the alveolar bone thickness was increased compared to other groups. Conclusion Class II Div 2 subjects exhibited increased collum angle, large crown width, height, and thickness, and increased alveolar bone thickness. Class III subjects had a longer root length compared to other groups.

Maymunah Horticulture Station, Agriculture Directorate of Maysan. The experiment included 24 treatments of possible combinations between three sowing dates (T1=15/12, T2=31/12 and T3=15/1), two soil mulching treatments (M2=mulching the soil by black polyethylene, M1=Without mulching) and four concentrations of calcium fertilizer (Ca) (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 ml.l-1), to study its effect on the quantitative yield characteristics of Okra plant cultivar "btayrh". The results showed that cultivated plants at date (15/1) showed significant increase in number of pods per plant, weight of pod, length and diameter of pod, the yield per plant and early yield compared to plants of dates (15/12 and 31/12). The cultivated plants in mulching soil were significantly higher in all studied quantitative yield characteristics. The sprayed plants with calcium (1ml.l-1) were superior in all studied quantitative yield characteristics. The interactions between the studied factors were significant in all the quantitative yield characteristics. The cultivated plants at date (15/1) with mulching and the sprayed by calcium fertilizer (1 ml.l-1) gave the highest values of length & weight of pod, the yield per plant and early yield per plastic house (6.31cm, 4.08g, 81.32g and 0.180 Kg.m-2) respectively. While the cultivated plants at (15/12) and un mulching soil and unfertilized gave the lowest values (2.49cm, 3.58g, 38.50g and 0.085 Kg.m-2) respectively. In conclusion the present study indicated that growth and yield of okra cultivar increased by the addition of 1ml.l-1 calcium which planting on 15 January and mulching soil.

Background: The collum angle, tooth dimensions, root length, and alveolar bone thickness have a significant impact on orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. The boundaries of orthodontic tooth movement are determined by alveolar bone thickness and dimensions while the collum angle determines the appropriate positioning of the root relative to the cortical plate. This study aimed to compare the collum angle, crown dimensions, root length, and alveolar bone thickness of the upper and lower incisors, canines, and premolars in subjects with varying anteroposterior relationships. Methods: Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images of 89 patients (178 teeth/tooth type) were included in the study. The patients were divided into 4 subgroups according to the incisor relationship. Group 1: Class I (64/tooth type), Group 2: Class II Div 1 (28/ tooth type), Group 3: Class II Div 2 (28/tooth type), and Group 4: Class III (58/ tooth type). The following variables were measured using Carestream CS 3D imaging software on coronal, sagittal, oblique, and reconstructed panoramic views: collum angle, mesiodistal crown width, crown height and thickness, root length, and alveolar bone thickness. Results: In Class II Div 2 subjects, the collum angles of the upper central and upper lateral incisors were increased. Class III subjects had an increased root length of the upper first premolars, upper central incisors, and lower first and second premolars compared to other groups. In Class II Div 2 subjects, the mesiodistal crown widths were increased in the lower canines compared to Class I and Class III and in the lower central incisors compared to Class II Div 1 and Class III, the height of the crowns was increased in the upper lateral incisors compared to Class III and Class I and in the upper central incisors compared to Class I and Class II Div 1, the buccolingual thickness of teeth was increased in the upper central incisors compared to Class I, Class II Div 1, and Class III and the alveolar bone thickness was increased compared to other groups. Conclusion: Class II Div 2 subjects exhibited increased collum angle, large crown width, height, and thickness, and increased alveolar bone thickness. Class III subjects had a longer root length compared to other groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Phenotypic profiling by high throughput microscopy, including Cell Painting, has become a leading tool for screening large sets of perturbations in cellular models. To efficiently analyze this big data, available open-source software requires computational resources usually not available to most laboratories. In addition, the cell-to-cell variation of responses within a population, while collected and analyzed, is usually averaged and unused. We introduce SPACe (Swift Phenotypic Analysis of Cells), an open-source platform for analysis of single-cell image-based morphological profiles produced by Cell Painting. We highlight several advantages of SPACe, including processing speed, accuracy in mechanism of action recognition, reproducibility across biological replicates, applicability to multiple models, sensitivity to variable cell-to-cell responses, and biological interpretability to explain image-based features. We illustrate SPACe in a defined screening campaign of cell metabolism small-molecule inhibitors tested in seven cell lines to highlight the importance of analyzing perturbations across models.

Background: Several studies have emphasized the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and existential anxiety with psychological disorders such as anxiety and depression. On the other hand, resilience has been introduced as a mediating factor between mental health and many other variables. So far, no specific research has investigated the mediator role of resilience in the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and existential anxiety in people with anxiety and depression. Aims: The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the mediator role of resilience in the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and existential anxiety in people with depression and anxiety. Methods: The current research was cross-sectional and its analysis was done by correlational method and structural equation modeling (SEM), specifically regression equations. The statistical population of this research included all the people who referred to counseling clinics and psychological services in the cities of Sari and Babol in the summer and fall of 2022. To determine the sample size, according to the number of observed variables and assigning a coefficient of 15 for each observed variable, 600 people were selected as the sample size, This number was selected as a statistical sample by purposeful sampling. To collect data, questionnaires of the Early Maladaptive Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (Yang, 1998), resilience (Conner-Davidson, 2003) and existential anxiety (Good & Good, 1974) were used. Structural equation modeling method and SPSS-22 and Amos-23 software were used for data analysis. Results: The findings of the present study showed that the proposed model has a good fit. Also, the findings showed that there is a direct relationship between the initial maladaptive schema and existential anxiety. Also, there is an indirect relationship between the initial maladaptive schema and existential anxiety with the mediation of resilience (P≥0.01). Conclusion: According to the results obtained, the mediating role of the resilience variable was confirmed in the present study, and considering the many tensions that people with anxiety and depression face, It is suggested that psychologists and counselors in the clinical and health fields strengthen this ability to deal with anxiety and depression in clients.

Introduction: The design of traffic signs should consider human cognitive abilities to enhance drivers’ understanding of the signs. Cognitive features, as one of the crucial principles of ergonomics, are among the influential factors in the design of signs. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of graphic elements of eight new sign designs based on cognitive features on conveying the message “prohibition of using mobile phones.” Material and Methods: This study was conducted in six driving schools in Tehran in 2013. One hundred seventy-four participants, with an average age of 23.5 and a standard deviation of six years, participated in this study. Participants were then presented with the designed signs through a colored questionnaire. They were instructed to evaluate the signs’ cognitive features including simplicity, concreteness, meaningfulness, and semantic closeness—using a Likert scale ranging from 0 to 100. Results: The results revealed that the average score of the cognitive features of the designed signs is higher than other traffic, industrial and pharmaceutical signs. In this study, “semantic closeness” was the best cognitive feature for predicting the message of the signs. The sign with the “hands-free” element had the best performance in transferring the message. Conclusion: This research aimed to identify the most effective of eight proposed signs for banning mobile phone use while driving. Participants rated the sign featuring a button phone with a hands-free symbol as the top choice. Although most of the mobile phones in the market are of the touch screen type and the use of button phones has decreased a lot, the symbol of these phones as the dominant symbol still effectively conveys messages.

Background and Aim: 7SK is a long non-coding RNA that interacts with various proteins to regulate gene transcription. This study aimed to assess the impact of exosomal delivery of 7SK on viability, expression of apoptosis-related genes, and migration in the human colorectal cancer cell line HT-29. Methods: In this experimental study, HT-29 cells were treated with exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells loaded with 7SK (Exo-7SK). Control groups included cells treated with unloaded exosomes and untreated cells. The levels of 7SK in the cells, and expression of apoptosis-related genes were measured by real-time PCR, cell viability assessed by the MTT assay, and cell migration evaluated using the transwell assay. Results: Treatment of HT-29 cells with Exo-7SK resulted in increased levels of 7SK, reduced viability, downregulation of the anti-apoptotic gene BCL-2, upregulation of the apoptosis-inducing gene BAX, and decreased migration. Conclusion: Exosomal delivery of 7SK can effectively decrease the viability and migration of colorectal cancer cells. Further research is warranted to explore the therapeutic potential of this approach in colorectal cancer.

Abstract Vascular endothelial cells play a vital role in the health and maintenance of vascular homeostasis, but hyperglycemia disrupts their function by increasing cellular oxidative stress. Resveratrol, a plant polyphenol, possesses antioxidant properties that can mitigate oxidative stress. Addressing the challenges of its limited solubility and stability, gold nanoparticles (GNps) were utilized as carriers. A microfluidic chip (MFC) with dynamic flow conditions was designed to simulate body vessels and to investigate the antioxidant properties of resveratrol gold nanoparticles (RGNps), citrate gold nanoparticles (CGNps), and free Resveratrol on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was employed to measure the extracellular antioxidant potential, and cell viability was determined using the Alamar Blue test. For assessing intracellular oxidative stress, the 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay was conducted, and results from both the cell culture plate and MFC were compared. Free Resveratrol demonstrated peak DPPH scavenging activity but had a cell viability of about 24–35%. RGNPs, both 3.0 ± 0.5 nm and 20.2 ± 4.7 nm, consistently showed high cell viability (more than about 90%) across tested concentrations. Notably, RGNPs (20 nm) exhibited antioxidative properties through DPPH scavenging activity (%) in the range of approximately 38–86% which was greater than that of CGNps at about 21–32%. In the MFC,the DCFH-DA analysis indicated that RGNPs (20 nm) reduced cellular oxidative stress by 57–82%, surpassing both CGNps and free Resveratrol. Morphologically, cells in the MFC presented superior structure compared to those in traditional cell culture plates, and the induction of hyperglycemia successfully led to the formation of multinucleated variant endothelial cells (MVECs). The MFC provides a distinct advantage in observing cell morphology and inducing endothelial cell dysfunction. RGNps have demonstrated significant potential in alleviating oxidative stress and preventing endothelial cell disorders.

Background: Addiction can have negative impacts on various aspects of life. One of the most affected groups by addiction are the spouses of addicted individuals. These women often face multiple challenges and difficulties in coping with their husbands' addiction, such as sexual intimacy, and marital instability. Therefore, it is important to provide effective psychological interventions for these women to improve their well-being and quality of life. Both treatments have been shown to be effective for various psychological problems. However, there is a lack of research on the comparative effectiveness of these treatments for the specific problems faced by the wives of addicted men, such as sexual intimacy and marital instability. Aims: The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based therapy and short-term solution-oriented therapy on sexual intimacy and reducing marital instability of addicted men's wives. Methods: The present study was a semi-experimental type of pre-test and post-test with a control group. The statistical population of the present study was formed by all the wives of addicted men in Azadshahr city in the spring of 2022. The sample was selected by the purposeful available sampling method after meeting the conditions for entering the research. Two experimental groups received treatment intervention in 8 sessions of 90 minutes, and the control group remained on the waiting list. Acceptance and commitment therapy sessions were conducted based on the method (Eifert & Eifert, 2019) and short-term solution-oriented therapy sessions were conducted based on the Noamian and colleagues package (2015). In this research, Bagarozi's Marital Intimacy Needs Questionnaire (2001) and Marital Instability Index (1987) were implemented in three time periods. Results: Compared to the control group, the two-method treatment increased sexual intimacy and decreased the marital instability of addicted men's wives (P

The I-shaped beam to circular column connections can be constructed by curved cutting of the beam flanges or by installing external diaphragms around the column, which cause both economic and practical difficulties. A practical method proposed for construction of these connections consists of welding a link channel to the circular column and welding the beam to the link channel. As this method is new, the effect of link channel dimensions, I-shaped beam section dimensions, circular column dimensions and the link channel stiffeners on the connection behavior is not known well. Accordingly, this paper presents a FE investigation on the cyclic behavior of I-shaped beam to circular column moment connections with link channel. The main novelty of the research is the parametric evaluation of the affecting parameters, considering the stiffness and strength degradation from ultra-low-cycle fatigue, which is made possible by including ductile damage for metallic materials in ABAQUS software. For this purpose, first, the parameters of the damage model are calibrated by comparing the numerical results with the laboratory data, and then, the connection models are analyzed under a displacement-control quasi-static cyclic loading. Based on the results, the thickness of the link channel plate has the most significant effect on the overall behavior of the connection compared to other link parameters. It is also observed that the link channel stiffeners increase overall stiffness and strength of the connection. However, they cause extension of yielding towards the beam to link connection, and cause rapid growth of plastic strain in this area.

To compare deep overbite treatment using 0.016 × 0.022 nickel-titanium lower reverse curve of Spee archwire (LRCA) or metal anterior bite turbos (ABTs). 48 patients with deep overbite malocclusion were randomly allocated into two groups. Group I (age = 18.4 ± 2.8 years, overbite = 5.8 ± 0.6 mm) was treated with LRCA, while Group II (age = 18.2 ± 3.1 years, overbite = 5.2 ± 0.4 mm) was treated with ABTs bonded to the palatal surface of the upper central incisors. Two cephalograms were taken for each patient, at post-alignment stage (T1) and post-leveling stage (T2). The primary outcomes were the anteroposterior and vertical changes of the lower teeth. The secondary outcomes were the effect on upper incisor inclination and the vertical linear changes of upper teeth, to assess the sagittal and vertical skeletal changes, and to compare the duration of overbite correction. 42 of the 48 patients recruited completed the study (21 in each group). At T2, the lower incisors proclined more in Group I (P ≤.001). Both lower second molars (P ≤.001) and lower first molars (P =.001) tipped more distally, while the lower first premolar tipped more mesially, in Group I (P <.05). All cusps of both lower molars showed more extrusion in Group II (P <.05) except for the mesial cusp of lower second molars (P =.095). The duration of overbite correction was shorter using the ABTs by 1.7 months (4.85 ± 1.56 and 3.15 ± 0.93 months for Group I and Group II, respectively). LRCA causes lower incisor proclination with distal tipping of lower molars, while ABTs result in lower posterior tooth extrusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and angiogenesis are morphogenetic processes implicated in tumor invasion and metastasis. It is found that the aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) contributes to these processes. Exosomes are considered potential natural vehicles for miRNA delivery in cancer therapy. miR-218 is one of the tumor suppressor miRNAs and its downregulation is associated with EMT and angiogenesis. We aimed to use adipose mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes (ADMSC-exosomes) for miR-218 delivery to breast cancer cells and evaluate miR-218 tumor-suppressing properties in vitro. Methods Exosomes were isolated from conditioned media of ADMSCs. miR-218 was loaded to exosomes using electroporation. mRNA expression of target genes (Runx2 and Rictor) in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells was evaluated by qPCR. To explore the effects of miR-218 containing exosomes on breast cancer cells, viability, apoptosis, and Boyden chamber assays were performed. The angiogenic capacity of MDA-MB-231 cells after treatment with miR-218 containing exosomes was assessed by in vitro tube formation assay. Results miR-218 mimic was efficiently loaded to ADMSC-exosomes and delivered to MDA-MB-231 cells. Exposure to miR-218 containing exosomes significantly decreased miR-218 target genes (Runx2 and Rictor) in MDA-MB-231 cells. They increased the expression of epithelial marker (CDH1) and reduced mesenchymal marker (CDH2). miR-218 restoration using miR-218 containing exosomes reduced viability, motility, invasion, and angiogenic capacity of breast cancer cells. Conclusions These findings suggest that ADMSC-exosomes can efficiently restore miR-218 levels in breast cancer cells and miR-218 can prevent breast cancer progression with simultaneous targeting of angiogenesis and EMT.

Abstract Hydrocarbon reserves are commonly estimated from electrical logs based on the Archie’s law. Therefore, understanding the concepts and precise determination of Archie’s parameters play an essential role in reservoir studies. The electrical properties of carbonates are affected by both microstructures and wetting characteristics of these heterogeneous rocks. Understanding of these effects and prediction of Archie’s parameters are significant theoretical and experimental challenges. In this paper, these effects were analyzed separately using rocks with various lithologies including limestone, dolomitic limestone and dolostones. Samples with different sedimentary textures (grainstones and packstones), porosities and pore types were also considered under different laboratory conditions. For microstructure effects analysis, 16 heterogeneous carbonate samples having a wide range of microstructures were selected. To decrease wetting effect, the washed samples were tested in air–brine injection system at ambient conditions to measure saturation exponent. Subsequently, in order to investigate the influence of the wetting characteristics on this exponent, 25 homogeneous limestone samples were employed for water–oil injection under reservoir conditions. The porous plate was used as a standard technique to determine the saturation exponent as an electrical index. The results showed that pore connectivity and wettability are the main factors affecting the saturation exponent. Heterogeneity, including the presence of large pores and bimodal texture, is another effective factor that complicates the relationship between saturation exponent and wettability. Furthermore, results indicate variation of the saturation exponent with fluid saturation. Finally, equations were obtained to interpret and calculate the saturation exponent using capillary pressure data by mercury injection method. The derived equations clearly demonstrate the significant impact of the studied parameters on the saturation exponent in carbonate rocks.

Fiber‐metal laminate is a material constituted of composite laminate and metal sheets, whose mechanical properties can be tailored by varying the thickness, the number of layers and bonding type. For this reason, in this research, strength test, adhesion test and flux test for a sandblasted and etched aluminum sheet that contained a seven-layer composite with 2 types of adhesion treatment (phenol adhesive/resin of composite material) and front side composite layup (High-silica/High-silica+Carbon) were investigated. It was found that the above-mentioned factors influenced the flexural strength of FML; precisely, the presence of an adhesive layer between the composite plies and the metal sheet made the flexural strength decrease, while this mechanical parameter increased passing from two metal sheets to only one. The results show that the presence of carbon layer has led to the greatest increase in strength due to strong bonding. Also, the results of the flux test show that the behavior of the two samples is very close to each other.

IntroductionBeing engaged in multiple roles can affect a person’s health and well-being and the middle-aged people are usually exposed to this situation more than other age groups. Most of the western studies that have looked at this issue with a demographic lens have introduced middle age as a situation of being caught or sandwiched between the needs of two generations (children and parents). On the other hand, increasing women's participation in paid work means that more middle-aged women are faced with a conflict between their work and family responsibilities, a phenomenon often characterized by the term "double burden" or "second shift" (Bratberg et al., 2002; Hochschild & Machung, 2012). According to the demographic changes of the family in recent years, living arrangements in mid-life have become more complex and heterogeneous (Demey et al., 2011) so that some researchers have used the term "cluttered nest" to describe this period of life, which is in contrast to the “empty nest” stage, that is, when all children leave the parental home (Lingren & Decker, 1992). The available data in Iran showed that the age transition of population has entered the middle-age phase since 2015 (the population aged 30-64) and will remain in this phase for several decades. It is predicted that the share of middle-aged people in Iran will reach more than 50% between 2026 and 2031 (Abassi Shavazi and Sadeghi, 2017: 46). This research aimed to expand the information about the role behaviors of this group by exploring the pattern of multiplicity of roles and its relationship with some of their social and demographic characteristics in the context of the urban society of Iran. The paper tried to answer the following questions: 1) What proportion of middle-aged women and men participate in multiple roles? 2) How does the pattern of mid-life multiple roles change based on people’s socio-demographic characteristics? Materials & MethodsUsing the data from the latest Time Use Survey of Iran, this article examined the prevalence of occupancy and intensity of multiple roles, namely paid work, domestic work, and parenting, as well as the socio-demographic characteristics related to it. The statistical population of this survey included all people aged 15 and older living in urban households across the country and the data included all the daily activities of individuals, as well as demographic, economic and social variables, at the individual and household levels.The impacts of socio-demographic variables on people’s intersectionality of roles were assessed using the Poisson regression in the STATA statistical package (version 17). The dependent variable was defined as the number of intense roles, which ranged from zero to three roles. The independent variables included gender, age group, marital status, education, and household size. Discussion of Results & ConclusionThe findings showed that (1) multiple roles were more common in the middle age than in other age periods; (2) multiple roles were more prevalnent in men due to the low employment of women; (3) women were more involved in intense multiple roles than men and this pattern was due to the large amount of time that women spent on domestic activities.The results of Poisson regression analysis revealed that the household size reduced the number of intense roles for men and women. This situation indicated a wider division of labor in large households, which alleviated participation in intense multiple roles, especially for women. On the flip side of the coin, the findings showed that middle-aged people in smaller households faced more intense roles and therefore needed interventions to reduce this potentially traumatic experience. With increasing age, the number of women’s intense roles increased. This is in line with the hypothesis of role density in late mid-life and near retirement age (Patterson & Margolis, 2019). Married women were more likely to be engaged in intense roles than their widowed or divorced counterparts and college education reduced the number of intense roles for men, but a similar effect was associated with a lower confidence interval for women. Thus, midlife could be a difficult time for married women, who had multiple responsibilities, while being a wife and a housewife. Meanwhile, their physical abilities decreased with age, making this period stressful and unfavorable. In fact, the important finding of this article was the noticeable difference in the pattern of experiencing intense roles between men and women, which showed that the tasks related to the domestic role alone put a heavy burden on the shoulders of middle-aged women living in the urban areas of Iran so that its prevalence was more than 4 times that of the men’s heavy occupational role.Our results highlighted the need for investigating the impact of multiple-role occupancy on the health and well-being of middle-aged people at the national level and designing

Summary: The initial step in estrogen-regulated transcription is the binding of a ligand to its cognate receptors, named estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ). Phytochemicals present in foods and environment can compete with endogenous hormones to alter physiological responses. We screened 224 flavonoids in our engineered biosensor ERα and ERβ PRL-array cell lines to characterize their activity on several steps of the estrogen signaling pathway. We identified 83 and 96 flavonoids that can activate ERα or ERβ, respectively. While most act on both receptors, many appear to be subtype-selective, including potent flavonoids that activate ER at sub-micromolar concentrations. We employed an orthogonal assay using a transgenic zebrafish in vivo model that validated the estrogenic potential of these compounds. To our knowledge, this is the largest study thus far on flavonoids and the ER pathway, facilitating the identification of a new set of potential endocrine disruptors acting on both ERα and ERβ.

Background: Rhinoplasty is a complex but popular surgery in Iran. The main complications of the surgery are post-operative bleeding and nasal septal hematoma due to poor intra-operative controlled hypertension. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of isoflurane-remifentanil (I-R) versus propofol-remifentanil (P-R) to induce controlled hypotension and to assess surgeon satisfaction with each of these combinations during rhinoplasty. Methods: In 2020-2021, a single-blind clinical study was conducted on 98 patients aged 18-50 years undergoing rhinoplasty at Mother and Child Hospital (Shiraz, Iran). Patients were randomly divided into P-R (n=48) and I-R (n=50) groups. Changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR) were assessed during surgery and in the recovery room. A questionnaire was used to evaluate the level of surgeon satisfaction. Data were analyzed using independent samples t test, Chi-square test, and repeated measures ANOVA with SPSS software. P

Introduction: Many general indicators have been proposed to assess an organization’s safety performance. However, due to their holistic nature, these indicators may not always reflect safety-specific aspects of an organization’s performance. In other words, the nature of an organization’s activities necessitates the use of specific criteria to better reflect safety performance. This study aimed to identify and measure key safety performance indicators using the Delphi method in Alborz Province Electric Power Distribution Company. Material and Methods: This descriptive, survey-based study utilized the Delphi method to collect the opinions of 11 safety experts in the electric power distribution industry. Opinions were gathered in four phases, and key indicators were determined in the last phase of the study. These indicators were subsequently used to evaluate the safety performance of Alborz Electric Power Distribution Company for three months. Results: This study identified and documented 34 safety activities. The expert group proposed 20 indicators in the first phase of the Delphi method. In the second and third phases, four and one indicators were eliminated, respectively, because they did not receive the required score. The content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) were calculated for the remaining 15 indices in the fourth phase. The results revealed that the mean quarterly performance scores of Alborz Province electric power distribution districts and departments in 2016, including Nazarabad, Savojbolagh, Mehrshahr, Fardis, West, East, Taleghan, and Eshtehard, were 78.9, 54.7, 78.8, 75.9, 75.7, 80.8, 61, and 83.5 out of 100 points, respectively. Conclusion: The Delphi method is useful for identifying key safety performance indicators. The indicators discovered using this technique are active indicators (pre-accident) that are crucial in determining Alborz Electric Power Distribution Company’s safety performance. These indicators are suggested for use in evaluating the safety performance of other electric power distribution companies.