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Zdravi imunosni sustav zaslužan je za eliminaciju brojnih patogena i infekcija, no u slučajevima kada on nekontrolirano reagira na bezazlene antigene iz okoliša, dolazi do razvitka alergija. Proteinski antigeni iz kravljeg mlijeka jedni su od najčešćih alergena na koje reagiraju osobe alergične na hranu. Kravlje mlijeko dovodi do pretjerane imunosne reakcije kod oko 0,5% odrasle populacije, što je značajno manje u odnosu na incidenciju alergije kod male djece, koja može iznositi i 2.5%. Kazeini i whey proteini dvije su velike skupine proteina kojima pripadaju svi opisani proteini kravljeg mlijeka. Kod najvećeg broja pacijenata uočena su IgE protutijela specifična za tri najznačajnija alergena: α-laktalbumin, β-laktoglobulin i kazeine. Kada organizam po drugi put dođe u doticaj s navedenim alergenima, aktiviraju se krvne stanice (mastociti, bazofili i eozinofili) koje su potaknute na lučenje medijatora koji dovode do pojave simptoma karakterističnih za alergije na kravlje mlijeko, primjerice urtikarije i svrbeži. U novije doba svjedočimo sve većem porastu tržišno dostupnih mliječnih zamjena, sve s različitim sastavom mikro- i makronutrijenata. A healthy immune system is responsible for eliminating numerous pathogens and infections, but in cases where it reacts uncontrollably to harmless antigens from the environment, allergies develop. Protein antigens from cow's milk are one of the most common allergens to which people with food allergies react. Cow's milk leads to an excessive immune reaction in about 0.5% of the adult population, which is significantly less than the incidence of allergies in young children, which can be as high as 2.5%. Caseins and whey proteins are two large groups of proteins to which all the described cow's milk proteins belong. IgE antibodies specific to the three most important allergens were observed in the largest number of patients: α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin and casein. When the organism comes into contact with the mentioned allergens for the second time, blood cells (mast cells, basophils and eosinophils) are activated, which are enhanced to secrete mediators that lead to the appearance of symptoms characteristic of cow's milk allergies, for example, urticaria and itching. In recent times, we have witnessed a greater increase in milk substitutes available on the market, all with different compositions of micro- and macronutrients.

Dojenačke su kolike od davnina poznate i jedan su od najčešćih razloga posjeta liječniku u ranoj dojenačkoj dobi. Ipak, uzrok njihova pojavljivanja i njihova patogeneza i danas su nepoznanica. Dijagnoza dojenačkih kolika postavlja se podrobnom anamnezom i kliničkim statusom. Posebnu pozornost valja obratiti na znakove i simptome upozorenja koji bi mogli upućivati na neku drugu tešku bolest. Ako anamneza i klinički pregled ne otkriju druge abnormalnosti osim neutješnog plača, daljnji dijagnostički postupci nisu potrebni. Postoji opsežan spektar predloženih terapijskih mjera, ali sve one imaju uglavnom vrlo malenu znanstveno dokazanu terapijsku učinkovitost. Stoga je cilj ovog rada bio pregledno prikazati znanstvene dokaze za različite oblike liječenja te, naposljetku, predložiti terapijski algoritam za dojenačke kolike., Infantile colic have been known for the long time and are one of the most common reasons for pediatrician’s appointment in early infancy. However, their etiology and pathogenesis are yet to be determined. Diagnosis is based on thorough medical history and physical examination. Special attention should be given to red flags or warning signs which could indicate a presence of serious illness. If no other abnormality is present, except inconsolable crying, there is no need for further diagnostic procedures. There is an extensive range of proposed therapeutic measures; however scientific evidence for all of them is scarce. Therefore, the aim of this review article is to present currently available evidence for the management of infantile colic and to provide a possible therapeutic algorithm.