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Purpose: To examine the relationship between glycemic control at baseline and response to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment for diabetic macular edema (DME)., Design: Post hoc analysis of 2 similarly designed phase III trials, VISTA and VIVID., Participants: Patients with central-involved DME., Methods: Both VISTA and VIVID compared efficacy and safety of intravitreal aflibercept injection (IAI) with macular laser photocoagulation for DME. Current analysis focused on comparison within each treatment group in an integrated VISTA and VIVID dataset. Baseline hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was partitioned into 4 quartiles: 4.5% to <6.7% (n = 233), 6.7% to <7.4% (n = 206), 7.4% to <8.6% (n = 209), and 8.6% to <14.7% (n = 208). Outcomes were analyzed by mixed model for repeated measures. Intragroup differences were quantified by a regression model., Main Outcome Measures: Change from baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central subfield thickness (CST), and HbA1c., Results: In the IAI group, mean BCVA improvement from baseline did not depend on baseline HbA1c at week 52 (P = 0.1852), but seemed to be dependent at week 100 (P = 0.0425). The mean CST reduction from baseline was independent of baseline HbA1c at both weeks 52 (P = 0.1857) and 100 (P = 0.7346). Mean HbA1c change from baseline in IAI group was small across all HbA1c quartiles. In the laser group, the mean BCVA gain decreased with increasing baseline HbA1c at both weeks 52 (P = 0.0421) and 100 (P = 0.0001). Similarly, the mean CST decrease was greater with decreasing baseline HbA1c, at both weeks 52 (P = 0.0065) and 100 (P = 0.0162). The mean HbA1c change from baseline in the laser group was minimal across HbA1c quartiles, although glycemic control tended to worsen in upper quartiles., Conclusions: The benefit of IAI in patients with DME was less dependent on their presenting glycemic status as opposed to laser., (Copyright © 2017 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Medical college faculty, who are academicians are seldom directly involved in the implementation of national public health programmes. More than a decade ago for the first time in the global history of tuberculosis (TB) control, medical colleges of India were involved in the Revised National TB Control Programme (RNTCP) of Government of India (GOI). This report documents the unique and extraordinary course of events that led to the involvement of medical colleges in the RNTCP of GOI. It also reports the contributions made by the medical colleges to TB control in India. For more than a decade, medical colleges have been providing diagnostic services (Designated Microscopy Centres), treatment [Directly Observed Treatment (DOT) Centres] referral for treatment, recording and reporting data, carrying out advocacy for RNTCP and conducting operational research relevant to RNTCP. Medical colleges are contributing to diagnosis and treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-TB co-infection and development of laboratory infrastructure for early diagnosis of multidrug-resistant and/or extensively drug-resistant TB (M/XDR-TB) and DOTS-Plus sites for treatment of MDR-TB cases. Overall, at a national level, medical colleges have contributed to 25 per cent of TB suspects referred for diagnosis; 23 per cent of 'new smear-positives' diagnosed; 7 per cent of DOT provision within medical college; and 86 per cent treatment success rate among new smear-positive patients. As the Programme widens its scope, future challenges include sustenance of this contribution and facilitating universal access to quality TB care; greater involvement in operational research relevant to the Programme needs; and better co-ordination mechanisms between district, state, zonal and national level to encourage their involvement.