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臨地実習事前事後指導で学習過程を記録する自己学習ノート（以下『学習ノート』）を作成導入し、その活用や実習の主観的評価を調査し、今後の指導の参考とすることを目的とした。対象者は4年次の臨地実習履修学生65名で、調査に同意し欠損値の無かった者は59名（有効回答率90.8%）であった。調査項目は公衆栄養学及び臨床栄養学実習における学習ノートの活用度及び長所短所、自己評価とした。実習間の活用度及び自己評価の差、班員数の違いによる活用度及び自己評価の差を検証した。両実習で活用度は「よく活用できた」と「やや活用できた」と回答した者を合わせると90％以上で、自己評価は「A」が最も多く、実習間及び班員数の違いでの活用度及び自己評価の差はみられなかった。長所は「整理しやすい」、短所は「特になし」が最も多かった。学習ノートの導入で学生の学習内容が可視化できたことによって指導の充実に繋がったと考える。今後も学生の学びの支援ツールとして活用していきたい。, We created and introduced a self-learning notebook (“learning notebook”) for recording the learning process in the instruction before and after clinical training. This study aimed to investigate the utilization of a learning notebook and subjective evaluation of the utilization and training, making it a reference for future instructions. Among 65 fourth-year students on clinical training, 59 students who gave consent to the survey and had no missing values (the valid response rate was 90.8%) were included in this study. The survey items were utilization, advantages and disadvantages of the learning notebook in clinical training in public nutrition and clinical nutrition, and a selfevaluation. The following were verified: differences in utilization and self-evaluation between training, differences in utilization and self-evaluation due to differences in the number of group members. In both trainings, those who answered “could use it well” and “could use it moderately” were 90% or higher.“A” was most common for the self-evaluation. No differences in utilization and self-evaluation were found between trainings and none due to differences in the number of group members. The most common answers to questions about advantages and disadvantages were “easy to organize” and “none in particular”, respectively. It is considered that the introduction of the learning notebook enabled instructors to visualize the content that students learned, leading to the fulfilment of the instruction. We would like to continue to use it as a support tool for student learning.

本研究では、２０１８年４月に外部搬入から自園調理給食へ転換した認定こども園を対象に転換前後の園児及び保護者の家庭における変化について自記式質問紙調査を実施し、食育にもたらす影響を考察した。転換前（３～４歳児）と転換後（４～５歳児）ともに回答を得た保護者６７名の結果から、園児の好き嫌いの減少や給食の話題の増加、保護者の食育関心度や献立表を見る回数の増加がみられた。特に、転換後に食育関心度が増加した保護者群では、これらの変化について回答する割合が高く、園児の変化から保護者への変化に繋がったことが考えられた。また、転換前後で献立提供回数の割合が最も増加した汁物は、園児の摂取行動や保護者の調理行動に影響を及ぼしたことが考えられた。これらのことから、自園調理給食は園児及び保護者の食意識や食行動に影響をもたらし、それが結果として食育に繋がり、就学前の教育・保育施設において目指している「楽しく食べる子ども」を育てる食育推進を促進させる役割を果たすことが示唆された。, In April ２０１８ the provision of school meals at a certified childcare center was converted from meals delivered by an external provider to meals prepared by the certified childcare center itself. In this study, we conducted a self-administered questionnaire survey on the changes in children and their parents’ home life before and after the conversion in order to examine the influence of the conversion on dietary education. The results for the ６７ parents who responded to both the pre-conversion survey （３４ year-old children）and the post-conversion survey（４５ year-old children）showed a decrease in the number of foods that the children disliked, an increase in mentions of school meals providedby the facility, and an increase in the parents’ interest in dietary education and in the number of times they checked the items listed on the childcare center’s menu. Notably, the group of parents whose interest in dietary education increased after the conversion had a higher response percentage for these changes. This suggest that the changes in the children led to changes in the parents. It was also suggested that soup, which increased the most in terms of the number of times it was provided on the menu before and after the conversion, influenced the children’s feeding behavior and the parents’ cooking behavior. These results suggest that school meals prepared by the facility have an influence on dietary awareness as well as on children and parents’ behavior, which in turn leads to dietary education and plays a role in promoting dietary education that fosters“children who enjoy eating,”which is a goal of preschool education and childcare facilities.

Understanding the population structure of Fasciola flukes in domestic and wild animals is important for determining the extent of cross-infection between them. Although the parthenogenetic Fasciola flukes in Japan have been shown to comprise five genetic types based on the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) and mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) regions, these genetic regions are not suitable for analyzing their population structure. In the present study, the genetic diversity and population structure of the parthenogenetic Fasciola flukes in Japan were studied using microsatellite DNA, ITS1, and nad1 regions. A total of 144 parthenogenetic Fasciola flukes, obtained from cattle and sika deer in 16 localities, were individually analyzed using PCR-RFLP for ITS1, PCR-direct sequence analysis for nad1, and post-labeling PCR and capillary electrophoresis for microsatellite DNA regions. The flukes showed higher genetic diversity in the microsatellite DNA regions than ITS1 and nad1. The population structures of parthenogenetic Fasciola flukes were unclear, however, it was suggested that the flukes are more diverse populations. We hypothesized that their distribution throughout Japan is closely related to livestock movement dependent on human activity. Moreover, it is considered that cross-infection of the flukes between cattle and sika deer possibly has occurred in the past.

Trematodes of the genus Dicrocoelium are one of the most common parasites in ruminant animals; however, their life cycles in Japan are unclear. To find the sporocysts of D. chinensis in the natural field, we sampled 269 land snails (14 species) at a location with high level infection of sika deer in Gifu Prefecture, Honshu Island, Japan in autumn between 2017 and 2019. During the sampling period, we found mother sporocysts in the hepatopancreas of Aegista vulgivaga and Cyclophorus herklotsi. DNA barcoding based on the sequences of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 showed that the sporocysts from A. vulgivaga belonged to D. chinensis, indicating that this snail has potential as the first intermediate host of D. chinensis at this location.

本研究は、長崎県健康・栄養調査の食生活習慣状況調査における食生活の自己評価と食習慣、身体状況、栄養摂取状況との関連を明らかにすることを目的とした。対象者は、平成28年度長崎県健康・栄養調査の対象者のうち590名を解析対象とし、食生活の自己評価により2群に分け、食習慣やBMI、栄養摂取状況を比較した。その結果、食生活の自己評価が高い者の特徴としては、年代が高いこと、食生活に関する意識が高いことが示唆されたが、対象者の自己評価と栄養摂取のコントロールには関連があまりみられなかった。その点から、自ら食をコントロールし、自己評価につなげられるように望ましい食生活について量などの具体的な知識の普及に関する健康教育を行い、食意識のレベルアップを図る必要がある。

実業団陸上部に在籍するケニア人選手の栄養状況を把握し、在日スポーツ選手のサポートに必要な食事や生活の支援について検討する基礎資料を得ること目的として、本研究を実施した。ケニア人の栄養代謝は日本人のそれよりも低いという研究結果もあり、また、主食となる食品にも違いがあることから、日本の食生活をそのまま選手の栄養サポートに取り入れることは慎重に行われる必要がある。今回実施した調査でも、日本人選手の方がケニア人選手より摂取エネルギー量が多く、ケニア人選手のインタビューからも、食事量が多いという主観的評価があった。そのため、定期的な身体計測や血液検査、パフォーマンスを確認し、食事の内容について評価を行い、ケニア人の体格や代謝に応じた食事が摂られているか、日本で生活を送る上での食生活に対するストレスをどのように発散しているかなど、今後、検討すべき栄養サポート内容を明らかにした。

Mycobacterium aviumsubsp.hominissuis(MAH) is one of the most prevalent mycobacteria causing non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease in humans and animals. Of note, MAH is a major cause of mycobacterial granulomatous mesenteric lymphadenitis outbreaks in pig populations. To determine the precise source of infection of MAH in a pig farm and to clarify the epidemiological relationship among pig, human and environmental MAH lineages, we collected 50 MAH isolates from pigs reared in Japan and determined draft genome sequences of 30 isolates. A variable number of tandem repeat analysis revealed that most pig MAH isolates in Japan were closely related to North American, European and Russian human isolates but not to those from East Asian human and their residential environments. Historical recombination analysis revealed that most pig isolates could be classified into SC2/4 and SC3, which contain MAH isolated from pig, European human and environmental isolates. Half of the isolates in SC2/4 had many recombination events with MAH lineages isolated from humans in East Asia. To our surprise, four isolates belonged to a new lineage (SC5) in the global MAH population. Members of SC5 had few footprints of inter-lineage recombination in the genome, and carried 80 unique genes, most of which were located on lineage specific-genomic islands. Using unique genetic features, we were able to trace the putative transmission route via their host pigs. Together, we clarify the possibility of species-specificity of MAH in addition to local adaptation. Our results highlight two transmission routes of MAH, one exposure on pig farms from the environment and the other via pig movement. Moreover, our study also warns that the evolution of MAH in pigs is influenced by MAH from patients and their residential environments, even if the MAH are genetically distinct.HighlightsVariable number of tandem repeat analysis ofMycobacterium aviumsubsp.hominissuis(MAH) isolated from pigs (n=50) were conducted.Draft genome sequences of MAH (n=30) and genome analysis were conducted.Pig MAHs were genetically far from East Asian human isolates and close to those of Western countries.Novel MAH lineage which were transmitted farms by pig movement was found.Human MAH isolates influenced the evolution of pig isolates.

Several surveys of Sarcocystis infection in sika deer in Japan have shown a high prevalence, but the identification has been unclear because molecular data have been lacking or have been limited to 18S ribosomal RNA gene sequences. Thus, in our previous study based on such sequences, some Sarcocystis isolates from sika deer were not clearly separated from other species in the phylogenetic analysis. In the present study, we therefore characterized sarcocyst isolates from sika deer (Cervus nippon centralis) at the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (cox1). Moreover, we developed a multiplex PCR based on cox1 sequences of all species found, so that we could rapidly identify sarcocysts of these species. Twenty-one sarcocysts from nine sika deer were examined. Five distinct cox1 sequence types, each with a high sequence identity (> 99%), were found, and the sarcocysts could thus be classified into five species. Based on the sequence comparisons and the phylogeny, Sarcocystis spp. of types 1, 3, and 5 are considered to represent three new species, which were most closely related to Sarcocystis silva/Sarcocystis truncata, Sarcocystis entzerothi, and Sarcocystis iberica/Sarcocystis venatoria, respectively. There was a slight uncertainly whether Sarcocystis sp. with type 2 sequences represented a new species or was identical to Sarcocystis tarandi. Type 4 sequences showed 99% identity with those of Sarcocystis pilosa from sika deer in Lithuania and have therefore been assigned to this species. In the multiplex PCR, type-specific fragments were successfully amplified for all five Sarcocystis spp., indicating that this assay may be useful for a rapid identification of sarcocysts of these species.

Understanding the population structure of Fasciola flukes in domestic and wild animals is important for determining the extent of cross-infection between them. Although the parthenogenetic Fasciola flukes in Japan have been shown to comprise five genetic types based on the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) and mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) regions, these genetic regions are not suitable for analyzing their population structure. In the present study, the genetic diversity and population structure of the parthenogenetic Fasciola flukes in Japan were studied using microsatellite DNA, ITS1, and nad1 regions. A total of 144 parthenogenetic Fasciola flukes, obtained from cattle and sika deer in 16 localities, were individually analyzed using PCR-RFLP for ITS1, PCR-direct sequence analysis for nad1, and post-labeling PCR and capillary electrophoresis for microsatellite DNA regions. The flukes showed higher genetic diversity in the microsatellite DNA regions than ITS1 and nad1. The population structures of parthenogenetic Fasciola flukes were unclear, however, it was suggested that the flukes are more diverse populations. We hypothesized that their distribution throughout Japan is closely related to livestock movement dependent on human activity. Moreover, it is considered that cross-infection of the flukes between cattle and sika deer possibly has occurred in the past.

Hepatozoon apri n. sp. is described from Japanese wild boars Sus scrofa leucomystax in Japan. The gamonts in the peripheral blood leukocytes were 11.6 ± 1.4 × 6.7 ± 1.3 μm in size. The meronts in the muscle tissues were 35.0–47.5 μm in length and 26.5–30 μm in width. A high rate (53.0%) of infection was found by nested PCR using muscle specimens from 181 wild boars captured in Tokushima, Japan. A phylogenetic analysis based on 18S rRNA gene sequences revealed that H. apri n. sp. detected in wild boars is closely related to Hepatozoon spp. isolated from carnivores. This is the first description of a species belonging to the genus Hepatozoon detected in ungulates., Graphical abstract Image 1, Highlights • Hepatozoon apri n. sp. from Japanese wild boars was described. • The newly described isolates were closely related to Hepatozoon from carnivores. • H. apri n. sp. is widely distributed among wild boars (infection rate, 53%).

本研究の目的は､関連した文献から1)ｻｯｶｰ選手の血清脂質およびﾘﾎﾟﾀﾝﾊﾟｸ質に関する横断的研究を食事や栄養素等摂取量､肥満､喫煙､ｱﾙｺｰﾙ摂取量､月経周期､競技ﾎﾟｼﾞｼｮﾝなどの潜在的な交絡因子を含めて検討し､2)90分間のｻｯｶｰ競技の血清脂質およびﾘﾎﾟﾀﾝﾊﾟｸ質に対する急性効果､3)競技者やﾚｸﾘｴｰｼｮﾝとして行っている者の定期的なｻｯｶｰﾄﾚｰﾆﾝｸﾞが血清脂質およびﾘﾎﾟﾀﾝﾊﾟｸ質に対する効果につい検討することである｡ｻｯｶｰ選手の血中脂質における最も一致した見解は､高比重ﾘﾎﾟﾀﾝﾊﾟｸｺﾚｽﾃﾛｰﾙ(HDL-C)が対照群よりも高値を示すことである｡血中脂質およびﾘﾎﾟﾀﾝﾊﾟｸ質における90分間のｻｯｶｰの試合の急性効果に関する研究では､特に血漿量の変化を補正する必要がある｡定期的なｻｯｶｰﾄﾚｰﾆﾝｸﾞを行えば､異なる年齢層において総ｺﾚｽﾃﾛｰﾙ､ﾄﾘｸﾞﾘｾﾘﾄﾞ､低比重ﾘﾎﾟﾀﾝﾊﾟｸｺﾚｽﾃﾛｰﾙ(LDL-C)を減少させ､HDL-C を増加させることができる｡訓練していない男女のﾚｸﾘｴｰｼｮﾝとしてのｻｯｶｰﾄﾚｰﾆﾝｸﾞにおける血中脂質への効果に関する最も一致した見解は､LDL-C および/または LDL-C/ HDL-C 比が低下することである｡ｻｯｶｰ選手における血中脂質およびﾘﾎﾟﾀﾝﾊﾟｸ質の変化は､ﾘﾎﾟﾀﾝﾊﾟｸ質ﾘﾊﾟｰｾﾞ､ﾚｼﾁﾝ:ｺﾚｽﾃﾛｰﾙｱｼﾙﾄﾗﾝｽﾌｪﾗｰｾﾞおよび肝性ﾘﾊﾟｰｾﾞの活性ﾚﾍﾞﾙの変化によるものである可能性が考えられる｡ｻｯｶｰ選手における今後の研究は､血中脂質およびﾘﾎﾟﾀﾝﾊﾟｸ質が変化するﾒｶﾆｽﾞﾑに向けられる必要がある｡これらの研究では特に知見が不足している女性や青年､若年成人に焦点を当てるべきである｡, The purpose of this study was to review the related literature to examine: 1) cross-sectional studies on serum lipids and lipoproteins in soccer players in the context of the potentially confounding factors such as dietary and nutritional intakes, obesity, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, menstrual cycle, and playing positions in soccer, 2) acute effects of 90-min soccer match, and 3) effects of regular soccer training on lipid parameters in competitive and recreational soccer players. The most consistent observation regarding cross-sectional studies on lipid profile in soccer players is significantly higher high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) than the controls. Research on the acute effects of 90-min of soccer match on the blood lipids and lipoproteins needs further attention, particularly it should correct plasma volume shifts. Participation in regular soccer training could decrease total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and increase HDL-C in soccer players of different age groups. The most consistent observation regarding effects of recreational soccer training on lipid profile in both untrained men and women is significantly lowered LDL-C and / or LDL-C / HDL-C ratio. The changes in lipids and lipoproteins in soccer players could be caused by changes in activity levels of lipoprotein lipase, lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase, and hepatic lipase. Future research investigating blood lipids and lipoproteins in soccer players should direct research towards the underlying mechanisms for changes in blood lipids and lipoproteins. These studies should, in particular, focus on women, adolescents and young adults since there is a paucity of information in the literature in this area.

ｽﾎﾟｰﾂ選手の競技力向上に関して､食事管理が重要であることは認識されつつあるが､選手自身による食事管理は難しく栄養素等の過不足を起こしていることが多い｡選手自身による食事管理能力の修得と､実践的栄養教育に必要な内容の明確化を目的として､大学ﾊﾞﾚｰﾎﾞｰﾙ･空手道選手に栄養教育を伴う調理実習を行い､知識､技術､意識に関するｱﾝｹｰﾄ調査を行った｡結果は､5段階評価の｢そう思う､ややそう思う､どちらともいえない､あまりそう思わない､そう思わない｣を､順に｢5､4､3､2､1点｣として評価した｡その結果､評価平均値は空手群における知識面に関する1つの項目を除き､4を超えており高い評価が得られ､ｽﾎﾟｰﾂ選手自身による食事管理への寄与が示唆された｡, Dietary management is important for athletes in order to improve their performance. However, such management is difficult for them, and they often take nutrients in inappropriate amounts. We herein provided athletes with nutrition education involving cooking practice, with the aim of developing their skills for dietary management, and clarifying the contents needed for practical nutrition education. University volleyball players and karate practitioners received nutrition education, and were administered a questionnaire inquiring about their knowledge, skills, and awareness in order to determine the effects of the education. The question items were scored on a 5-point grading scale: the answers “I agree”, “I slightly agree”, “no applicable answer”, “I slightly disagree”, and “I disagree” equaled 5, 4, 3, 2, and 1 point, respectively. For all question items, except for 1 knowledge-related item, karate practitioners showed an average of >4 points, suggesting the beneficial effects of nutrition education for athletes' dietary management.

This report describes Ascaridia nymphii n. sp., a new species isolated from the alimentary tract of cockatiel Nymphicus hollandicus in Japan. More than 63 nematodes were found in the formalin-fixed small intestine, ventriculus, proventriculus and crop of a 48-day-old young cockatiel that died after exhibiting severe emaciation. No nematode eggs were observed in the faecal examination performed while the cockatiel was alive, but Cryptosporidium oocysts were found. The intestinal mucosa was damaged considerably. Male worms had two alate spicules, well-developed precloacal sucker and a tail with ventrolateral caudal alae and mainly 11 pairs of papillae. Nuclear partial (813 bp) 18S ribosomal RNA gene (18S rDNA) sequences obtained from two female samples were mutually identical. They respectively showed 99.1 and 98.6% identities to those from Ascaridia numidae and Ascaridia galli. Phylogenetic analysis using this locus indicated the present nematode as Ascaridia species. The mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 gene (nad2) sequences obtained for four samples were mutually identical. They respectively showed 98.7, 85.7 and 82.2% identities with those from Ascaridia columbae, Ascaridia sp. and A. galli. Combining the morphological and sequencing data from two loci, the present nematode was identified as A. nymphii n. sp., which is closely related with A. columbae. This report is the first of a study examining the distribution of Ascaridia species in captive parrots in Japan. This study also identified the trachea and cloaca, like Cryptosporidium baileyi, as the possible location of Cryptosporidium avian genotype V in avian hosts.

平成26年10月に長崎県で開催された国民体育大会秋季大会(長崎がんばらんば国体)では､各開催地で来県者をもてなすための様々な取り組みが行われた｡その取り組みの一つとして､本学所在地である佐世保市でも､大会中､希望者に提供する昼食弁当を佐世保らしい内容でもてなしたい､と本学に献立開発の依頼があった｡本学健康管理学部で献立開発に従事することは､教員のみならず学生の実践教育にも効果的であることから､健康管理学部の卒業研究として取り組むこととした｡また､作成した献立が提供する弁当として実現可能かどうか具体的に検証するために､大会当日に弁当を作成する指定弁当調製業者も加わり､本学と佐世保市実行委員会の三者協働でﾜｰｸｼｮｯﾌﾟや打合せ､試作を重ねながら開発に取り組んだ｡その取り組んだ過程と完成した弁当の内容について報告する｡, During the Fall National Sports Festival that took place in Nagasaki Prefecture in October 2014, diverse approaches were implemented to appropriately accommodate visitors at each venue. As one of such approaches, Sasebo City, where our university is located, requested us to develop original recipes for lunch boxes to be offered during the event. Considering that such an activity might have positive effects on not only our faculty staff members, but also on practical education for our students at the Faculty of Health Management, we accepted their request, as the graduate study within the faculty. In addition to our faculty and Sasebo City, a designated lunch box catering service provider in charge of the delivery of lunch boxes on the day of the event also participated in workshops, discussions, and trial creation during the development process to confirm the applicability of the developed recipes. This paper reports the details of the process and describes the finished lunch boxes.

Most published data on the physical and physiological profiles of karate athletes is based on studies of male athletes and data on female athletes is rare. The purposes of this study were: 1) to collect baseline data on nutrient intake in order to advise athletes regarding nutrition practices that may enhance performance, and 2) to compare nutrient intake of elite and collegiate karate athletes. Thirtyfive female black belt karate athletes volunteered to participate in this study. They were divided into 2 groups: 20 athletes who were members of the national team (elite athletes) and 15 collegiate karate athletes (collegiate athletes). The elite athletes showed significantly higher mean lean body mass and significantly lower body fat and fat mass than the collegiate athletes. The elite athletes showed significantly higher energy intake and more nutrient intakes than the collegiate athletes. There were no significant differences in diet compositions between the elite and collegiate athletes. The elite athletes showed all micronutrient intakes were above 100% of the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) or Adequate Intake (AIs), whereas the collegiate athletes showed micronutrient intakes below 100% of the EAR or AIs for potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, vitamins A and C. Thus, we advised collegiate athletes to consume adequate amounts of carbohydrates and protein. To attain these goals, it is desirable to increase the amount of meals by increasing the intake levels of grains, vegetables, fruit, milk and dairy products, lean meat and fish.

We carried out phylogenetic analyses of the relationships between Dicrocoelium chinensis populations in Japan and China using molecular markers. One hundred nine lancet flukes collected from Japan and China were identified as D. chinensis based on their testis orientation and the nucleotide sequences of their ribosomal ITS2. These flukes were analyzed phylogenetically using mitochondrial nad1 gene sequences. An analysis of molecular variance found that the percentage of variation between the countries was extremely high, indicating that the D. chinensis populations in Japan and China are differentiated genetically. D. chinensis mainly parasitizes wild sika deer, which is thought to originate in northeast Asia and to have colonized into Japan from the Eurasia continent in the Pleistocene glaciations. In addition, phylogenic analyses indicated that Japanese sika deer is genetically differentiated from Chinese population; therefore, we hypothesize that D. chinensis might have been introduced into Japan along with the migration of infected wild ruminants in the Pleistocene, and then the population became differentiated from the Chinese population. This study provides the nucleotide sequences of the nad1 gene of D. chinensis in Japan for the first time and shows that these sequences are useful for elucidating the phylogenetic relationships of the Dicrocoelium species prevalent in Asia.

本研究は大学女子ﾊﾞﾚｰﾎﾞｰﾙ部員33名を対象に栄養素等摂取状況および身体的特徴を調査することを目的とした｡ﾊﾞﾚｰ群の平均ｴﾈﾙｷﾞｰ摂取量は 1,708±425kcal､炭水化物平均摂取量は 3.9±1.3g/kg､たんぱく質平均摂取量は 0.9±0.2g/kg であった｡炭水化物およびたんぱく質摂取量は低く､ｴﾈﾙｷﾞｰの摂取不足が推定された｡ﾋﾞﾀﾐﾝおよびﾐﾈﾗﾙでは､ﾋﾞﾀﾐﾝ B1､B2 を除いて､食事摂取基準の推定平均必要量を下回っていた｡また､本研究のﾊﾞﾚｰ群の平均体脂肪率は21.1±5.2%であった｡今後は除脂肪量の減少と体脂肪量の増加が起こらないように､対象者の身体状況の変化を確認しながら､栄養教育を行っていく必要があると思われる｡, The purpose of this study was to collect data on nutrient intakes and body characteristics of 33 female college volleyball players. The mean energy, carbohydrate(kg-1･day-1), and protein(kg-1･day-1)intakes were 1,708±425kcal, 3.9±1.3g･kg-1･day-1, and 0.9±0.2g･kg-1･day-1, respectively. It was suggested that the mean energy intake was inadequate, because the mean carbohydrate(kg-1･day-1)and protein(kg-1･day-1)intakes were low. The mean intakes of vitamins and minerals were lower than the estimated average requirement, except vitamin B1 and B2. The mean percentage of body fat was 21.1±5.2%. The results of this study suggest that it is necessary to implement nutrition education as well as monitor changes in the players'body composition to prevent a decrease in free fat mass and an increase in fat mass.

本研究の目的は､ﾄｯﾌﾟﾚﾍﾞﾙの大学空手道選手を男女別に分類し､栄養素等摂取状況､身体的特徴について検討することである｡対象はN大学空手道部員22名(男子13名､女子9名)と習慣的な運動を有さない男女大学生27名(男子7名､女子20名)である｡空手群はｺﾝﾄﾛｰﾙ群に比較して､男女共に body mass index(BMI)と除脂肪量(LBM)が有意に高く､女子群は身長､体重､体脂肪量､腹囲も有意に高かった｡適正量に対する栄養素等摂取量の割合は､女子群がﾋﾞﾀﾐﾝ B1､B2 を除いて適正量を満たしておらず､男子群においてはどの項目も満たしていなかった｡肉類以外のたんぱく質源(豆類､魚介類､卵類)は､それぞれの目標量を50%も満たしておらず､たんぱく質源の摂取に偏りがみられた｡, The aim of this study was to examine the nutrient intake and anthropometric characteristics of top-class university karate athletes by gender. The study involved 22 karate athletes(13 men and 9 women)who participated in N university student karate club and 27 university students(7 men and 20 women)without exercise habits. Both men and women in the karate group had a significantly higher body mass index(BMI)and lean body mass(LBM)than those in the control group, and the female athletes had a significantly greater height, body weight, fat mass, and waist circumference than their counterparts. When examined as a percentage of the dietary reference intake(DRI), nutrient intake of the female athletes did not meet the DRIs for all nutrients except for vitamins B1 and B2, while the male athletes failed to achieve the DRIs for all nutrients. These athletes had less than 50% of the target intake of non-meat protein sources(beans, fish/seafood, and eggs), indicating an unbalanced intake of different sources of protein.

Much of the published data on the lipid profiles of athletes are based on studies of endurance athletes. Data on female volleyball players are rare. The purpose of this study was thus to examine serum high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) subfractions in collegiate female volleyball players. Twenty-six female collegiate volleyball players were compared with 26 age- and body mass index-matched control subjects. Dietary information was obtained with a food frequency questionnaire. The subjects were all nonsmokers and were not taking any drug known to affect lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. The volleyball players showed significantly higher mean HDL2-C than the control group. There were no significant differences in HDL-C and HDL3-C between the 2 groups. The results indicate that favorable lipid and lipoprotein profiles could be obtained by vigorous volleyball training and significantly higher HDL2-C could be obtained without observing significant differences in HDL-C and HDL3-C.

A newly developed nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal DNA was applied to detect and characterize Encephalitozoon cuniculi DNA from pet rabbits in Japan. The analysis was carried out using 257 urinary samples and 314 fecal samples collected from 307 pet rabbits in the age group of 1 month to 12 years from 30 different prefectures of Japan and 107 fecal samples and 3 urinary samples collected from 1-month-old rabbits from 3 breeding facilities in Japan. We detected 840-bp amplicons in 20 urinary samples (7.78%) from the pet rabbits of the 13 prefectures and in 1 urinary (33.3%) and 6 fecal (5.6%) samples from the rabbits of the 2 breeding facilities. The sequences (803 bp) of the 27 amplicons had no variations and completely coincided with the sequence of E. cuniculi genotype I. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the detection and genotype characterization of E. cuniculi DNA from pet rabbits in Japan.

Paragonimiasis is a typical food-borne parasitic disease, endemic in most parts of Asia, with sporadic case reports from American and African countries. The major source of infection is undercooked freshwater crab or crayfish, though consumption of wild boar meat is also responsible for the infection in Japan, because wild boar is a paratenic host for Paragonimus westermani. Recently, living juveniles of P. westermani were isolated from muscle of a sika deer, Cervus nippon, in Japan, raising the possibility that venison has been another source of infection. In order to clarify the potential contribution of venison consumption to the occurrence of paragonimiasis, we analysed dietary histories of those paragonimiasis patients in whose diagnoses we were involved between 2001 and 2015. Among 380 patients, freshwater crab had been consumed by 208 patients, wild boar meat by 190, and wild deer meat by 76 patients before the onset of the disease. Overall contribution of wild deer meat was estimated to be 6.8% to 20.0%, although in Oita and Gifu Prefectures, where a substantial proportion of patients had consumed raw venison, the contribution of venison consumption was much higher (27.5 to 62.1% and 42.1 to 78.9% in Oita and Gifu Prefectures, respectively). We demonstrated P. westermani-specific antibodies in the sera of 4 out of 160 sika deer from Gifu Prefecture, strongly suggesting that these deer were infected with P. westermani.

Karate is one of the most popular martial arts practiced both inside and outside of Japan. Traditional karate training consists of the practice of basic techniques, kata and sparring. The basic techniques such as punching, kicking, blocking and striking are practiced either in the stationary position or with body movements in various formal stances. Kata are set forms in a pre-established sequence of defensive and offensive techniques and movements. Sparring is the execution of defensive and offensive techniques while one is freely moving against an opponent. In addition to the traditional karate training, many competitive practitioners cross train by undertaking strenuous running and weight training programs to increase endurance, muscle development and power.

Enterobius (Colobenterobius) serratus sp. nov. (Nematoda: Oxyuridae) is described from females collected from a proboscis monkey, Nasalis larvatus (Primates: Cercopithecidae: Colobinae), in Sarawak, Borneo, Malaysia. This species is readily distinguished from other members of the subgenus by the serrated inner margins of lips, lamellated superstructures of the esophageal teeth forming denticles, larger body, and larger eggs.

The effect of bait-delivered anthelmintic to reduce the prevalence of Echinococcus multilocularis in wild red foxes was evaluated in Koshimizu, in the eastern part of Hokkaido, Japan. The study area (200 km2) was divided into baited and non-baited sections. The anthelmintic baits were distributed around fox den sites in the baited section every month for 13 months. After 1 year of the anthelmintic bait distribution, the prevalence of E. multilocularis in foxes, evaluated either by the parasite egg examination (from 27.1 to 5.6%) or coproantigen ELISA (from 59.6 to 29.7%), decreased in the baited section contrasting to that in the non-baited section (parasite egg: from 18.8 to 24.2%; ELISA: from 41.9 to 45.8%). The prevalence of E. multilocularis in grey red-backed vole Clethrionomys rufocanus, caught around fox dens, born after bait distribution also decreased and was significantly lower than that in non-baited section. However, within the study periods, the coproantigen-positive rate in fox faeces sporadically increased, while egg-positive rate constantly decreased. Since coproantigen ELISA can detect pre-patent infection, this observation indicates that reinfection pressure in the baited section was still high even after the 13 months of anthelmintic bait distribution. Therefore, the bait distribution longer than our study period is required for the efficient control of E. multilocularis in wild red fox population.

An alternative definitive host model for Echinococcus vogeli was developed using Mongolian gerbils. The animals treated with prednisolone tert-butylacetate were orally inoculated with protoscoleces of E. vogeli and the development of worms in the small intestine was observed until 50 days post infection (DPI). The parasites were recovered most frequently from the anterior part of the small intestine. The band formation (the sign of proglottisation) of the worm was observed at 7 DPI, the second proglottid and tests formation at 14 DPI, spermatozoa in seminal receptacle and cleavage of ova in uterus at 21 DPI, the hook formation of oncospheres at 28 DPI and the embryophore formation at 34 DPI. Eggs in the feces were first detected at 35 DPI. The coproantigen detection method developed for E. multilocularis could detect the E. vogeli coproantigen early in the infection, at 7 DPI during the prepatent period. Therefore, this technique could be used for the diagnosis of E. vogeli, replacing ordinary fecal egg examination.

A newly developed nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal DNA was applied to detect and characterize Encephalitozoon cuniculi DNA from pet rabbits in Japan. The analysis was carried out using 257 urinary samples and 314 fecal samples collected from 307 pet rabbits in the age group of 1 month to 12 years from 30 different prefectures of Japan and 107 fecal samples and 3 urinary samples collected from 1-month-old rabbits from 3 breeding facilities in Japan. We detected 840-bp amplicons in 20 urinary samples (7.78%) from the pet rabbits of the 13 prefectures and in 1 urinary (33.3%) and 6 fecal (5.6%) samples from the rabbits of the 2 breeding facilities. The sequences (803 bp) of the 27 amplicons had no variations and completely coincided with the sequence of E. cuniculi genotype I. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the detection and genotype characterization of E. cuniculi DNA from pet rabbits in Japan.