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1. Separating edges from microstructure in X-ray dark-field imaging: Evolving and devolving perspectives via the X-ray Fokker-Planck equation

Author

Alloo, Samantha J., Paganin, David M., Croughan, Michelle K., Ahlers, Jannis N., Pavlov, Konstantin M., and Morgan, Kaye S.

Subjects
Physics - Optics, Physics - Applied Physics, Physics - Medical Physics
Abstract

A key contribution to X-ray dark-field (XDF) is X-ray diffusion by sample structures smaller than the imaging system's spatial resolution. However, some XDF techniques report that resolvable sample edges also generate XDF. Speckle-based X-ray imaging (SBXI) extracts XDF by analyzing sample-imposed changes to a reference speckle pattern's visibility. We present an algorithm for SBXI (a variant of our Multimodal Intrinsic Speckle-Tracking (MIST) algorithm) capable of separating these two distinct XDF contrast mechanisms. The algorithm uses the 'devolving' X-ray Imaging Fokker-Planck equation as its forward model and then solves the associated multimodal inverse problem, to retrieve sample attenuation, phase, and XDF. Previous MIST variants were based on the evolving Fokker-Planck equation, which considers how a reference-speckle image is modified by introducing a sample. The devolving perspective instead considers how the image collected in the presence of the sample and speckle membrane optically flows in reverse, to generate the reference-speckle image when the sample is removed from the system. We compare single- and multiple-exposure multimodal retrieval algorithms from the two Fokker-Planck perspectives. We demonstrate that the devolving perspective can distinguish between two physically different XDF contrast mechanisms; unresolved microstructure- and sharp-edge-induced XDF. This was verified by applying the retrieval algorithms to two experimental data sets. We anticipate that this work will be useful in: Yielding a pair of complementary XDF images that separate sharp-edge diffuse scatter from unresolved microstructure diffuse scatter. XDF computed tomography, where the strong edge XDF can lead to tainting streaking artefacts. Sample preparation, as samples will not need to be embedded since the strong XDF edge signal seen between the sample and air can be separated out., Comment: 21 pages and 7 figures

Published
2024

2. Correcting directional dark-field x-ray imaging artefacts using position-dependent image deblurring and attenuation removal

Author

Croughan, Michelle K, Paganin, David M, Alloo, Samantha J, Ahlers, Jannis N, How, Ying Ying, Harker, Stephanie A, and Morgan, Kaye S.

Subjects
Physics - Medical Physics, Physics - Optics
Abstract

In recent years, a novel x-ray imaging modality has emerged that reveals unresolved sample microstructure via a "dark-field image", which provides complementary information to conventional "bright-field" images, such as attenuation and phase-contrast modalities. This x-ray dark-field signal is produced by unresolved microstructures scattering the x-ray beam resulting in localised image blur. Dark-field retrieval techniques extract this blur to reconstruct a dark-field image. Unfortunately, the presence of non-dark-field blur such as source-size blur or the detector point-spread-function can affect the dark-field retrieval as they also blur the experimental image. In addition, dark-field images can be degraded by the artefacts induced by large intensity gradients from attenuation and propagation-based phase contrast, particularly around sample edges. By measuring any non-dark-field blurring across the image plane and removing it from experimental images, as well as removing attenuation and propagation-based phase contrast, we show that a directional dark-field image can be retrieved with fewer artefacts and more consistent quantitative measures. We present the details of these corrections and provide "before and after" directional dark-field images of samples imaged at a synchrotron source. This paper utilises single-grid directional dark-field imaging, but these corrections have the potential to be broadly applied to other x-ray imaging techniques.

Published
2024

3. Geometric Burn Control For Tokamaks

Author

Parisi, J. F., Berkery, J. W., Sladkomedova, A., Guizzo, S., Hardman, M. R., Ball, J. R., Nelson, A. O., Kaye, S. M., Anastopoulos-Tzanis, M., McNamara, S. A. M., Dominski, J., Janhunen, S., Romanelli, M., Dickinson, D., Diallo, A., Dnestrovskii, A., Guttenfelder, W., Hansen, C., Myatra, O., and Wilson, H. R.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

A new burn control scheme for tokamaks is described where the total fusion power is controlled by adjusting the plasma volume fraction that is packed into power dense regions. In an example spherical tokamak burning plasma, by modifying the plasma edge squareness the total fusion power is doubled at almost constant total plasma volume and fusion power density. Therefore, increased plasma squareness could be extremely beneficial to a fusion reactor and squareness control could be desirable for power load balancing. Experiments have observed the impact of increased edge squareness on modified core plasma volume, highlighting the practical relevance of this approach., Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures

Published
2024

4. Stability and Transport of Gyrokinetic Critical Pedestals

Author

Parisi, J. F., Nelson, A. O., Guttenfelder, W., Gaur, R., Berkery, J. W., Kaye, S. M., Barada, K., Clauser, C., Diallo, A., Hatch, D. R., Kleiner, A., Lampert, M., Macwan, T., and Menard, J. E.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

A gyrokinetic threshold model for pedestal width-height scaling prediction is applied to multiple devices and to a shaping and aspect-ratio scan giving $\Delta_{\mathrm{ped}} = 0.92 A^{1.04} \kappa^{-1.24} 0.38^{\delta} \beta_{\theta,\mathrm{ped}}^{1.05}$ for pedestal width $\Delta_{\mathrm{ped}}$, aspect-ratio $A$, elongation $\kappa$, triangularity $\delta$, and normalized pedestal height $\beta_{\theta,\mathrm{ped}}$. We also find a width-transport scaling $\Delta_{\mathrm{ped} } = 0.028 \left(q_e/\Gamma_e - 1.7 \right)^{1.5} \sim \eta_e ^{1.5}$ where $q_e$ and $\Gamma_e$ are turbulent electron heat and particle fluxes and $\eta_e = \nabla \ln T_e / \nabla \ln n_e$ for electron temperature $T_e$ and density $n_e$. Pedestals close to those limited by kinetic-ballooning-modes (KBMs) have modified turbulent transport properties compared to strongly driven KBMs. The role of flow shear is studied as a width-height scaling constraint and pedestal saturation mechanism for a standard and wide pedestal discharge., Comment: 34 pages, 16 figures

Published
2024

5. Kinetic-Ballooning-Bifurcation in Tokamak Pedestals Across Shaping and Aspect-Ratio

Author

Parisi, J. F., Nelson, A. O., Gaur, R., Kaye, S. M., Parra, F. I., Berkery, J. W., Barada, K., Clauser, C., Creely, A. J., Diallo, A., Guttenfelder, W., Hughes, J. W., Kogan, L. A., Kleiner, A., Kuang, A. Q., Lampert, M., Macwan, T., Menard, J. E., and Miller, M. A.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

We use a new gyrokinetic threshold model to predict a bifurcation in tokamak pedestal width-height scalings that depends strongly on plasma shaping and aspect-ratio. The bifurcation arises from the first and second stability properties of kinetic-ballooning-modes that yields wide and narrow pedestal branches, expanding the space of accessible pedestal widths and heights. The wide branch offers potential for edge-localized-mode-free pedestals with high core pressure. For negative triangularity, low-aspect-ratio configurations are predicted to give steeper pedestals than conventional-aspect-ratio. Both wide and narrow branches have been attained in tokamak experiments., Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures

Published
2023
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6. X-ray dark-field via spectral propagation-based imaging

Author

Ahlers, Jannis N., Pavlov, Konstantin M., Kitchen, Marcus J., and Morgan, Kaye S.

Subjects
Physics - Medical Physics, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Physics - Optics
Abstract

Dark-field X-ray imaging is a novel modality which visualises scattering from unresolved microstructure. Most dark-field imaging techniques rely on crystals or structured illumination, but recent work has shown that dark-field effects are observable in straightforward propagation-based imaging (PBI). Based on the single-material X-ray Fokker--Planck equation with an a priori dark-field energy dependence, we propose an algorithm to extract phase and dark-field effects from dual-energy PBI images. We successfully apply the dark-field retrieval algorithm to simulated and experimental dual-energy data, and show that by accounting for dark-field effects, projected thickness reconstruction is improved compared to the classic Paganin algorithm. With the emergence of spectral detectors, the method could enable single-exposure dark-field imaging of dynamic and living samples., Comment: 21 pages, 17 figures

Published
2023
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7. Kinetic-Ballooning-Limited Pedestals in Spherical Tokamak Plasmas

Author

Parisi, J. F., Guttenfelder, W., Nelson, A. O., Gaur, R., Kleiner, A., Lampert, M., Avdeeva, G., Berkery, J. W., Clauser, C., Curie, M., Diallo, A., Dorland, W., Kaye, S. M., McClenaghan, J., and Parra, F. I.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

A theoretical model is presented that for the first time matches experimental measurements of the pedestal width-height Diallo scaling in the low-aspect-ratio high-$\beta$ tokamak NSTX. Combining linear gyrokinetics with self-consistent pedestal equilibrium variation, kinetic-ballooning, rather than ideal-ballooning plasma instability, is shown to limit achievable confinement in spherical tokamak pedestals. Simulations are used to find the novel Gyrokinetic Critical Pedestal constraint, which determines the steepest pressure profile a pedestal can sustain subject to gyrokinetic instability. Gyrokinetic width-height scaling expressions for NSTX pedestals with varying density and temperature profiles are obtained. These scalings for spherical tokamaks depart significantly from that of conventional aspect ratio tokamaks., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures. Nuclear Fusion 2024

Published
2023
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11. Correcting directional dark field x-ray imaging artefacts using position dependent image deblurring and attenuation removal

Author

Michelle K. Croughan, David M. Paganin, Samantha J. Alloo, Jannis N. Ahlers, Ying Ying How, Stephanie A. Harker, and Kaye S. Morgan

Subjects
X-ray, Directional dark-field, Image restoration, Phase retrieval, Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract In recent years, a novel x-ray imaging modality has emerged that reveals unresolved sample microstructure via a “dark-field image”, which provides complementary information to conventional “bright-field” images, such as attenuation and phase-contrast modalities. This x-ray dark-field signal is produced by unresolved microstructures scattering the x-ray beam resulting in localised image blur. Dark-field retrieval techniques extract this blur to reconstruct a dark-field image. Unfortunately, the presence of non-dark-field blur such as source-size blur or the detector point-spread-function can affect the dark-field retrieval as they also blur the experimental image. In addition, dark-field images can be degraded by the artefacts induced by large intensity gradients from attenuation and propagation-based phase contrast, particularly around sample edges. By measuring any non-dark-field blurring across the image plane and removing it from experimental images, as well as removing attenuation and propagation-based phase contrast, we show that a directional dark-field image can be retrieved with fewer artefacts and more consistent quantitative measures. We present the details of these corrections and provide “before and after” directional dark-field images of samples imaged at a synchrotron source. This paper utilises single-grid directional dark-field imaging, but these corrections have the potential to be broadly applied to other x-ray imaging techniques.

Published
2024
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12. Multimodal Intrinsic Speckle-Tracking (MIST) to extract rapidly-varying diffuse X-ray scatter

Author

Alloo, Samantha J., Morgan, Kaye S., Paganin, David M., and Pavlov, Konstantin M.

Subjects
Physics - Medical Physics, Physics - Optics
Abstract

Speckle-based phase-contrast X-ray imaging (SB-PCXI) can reconstruct high-resolution images of weakly-attenuating materials that would otherwise be indistinguishable in conventional attenuation-based imaging. The experimental setup of SB-PCXI requires only a sufficiently coherent source and spatially random mask, positioned between the source and detector. The technique can extract sample information at length scales smaller than the imaging system's spatial resolution; this enables multimodal signal reconstruction. ``Multimodal Intrinsic Speckle-Tracking'' (MIST) is a rapid and deterministic formalism derived from the paraxial-optics form of the Fokker-Planck equation. MIST simultaneously extracts attenuation, refraction, and small-angle scattering (diffusive-dark-field) signals from a sample and is more computationally efficient compared to alternative speckle-tracking approaches. Hitherto, variants of MIST have assumed the diffusive-dark-field signal to be spatially slowly varying. Although successful, these approaches have been unable to well-describe unresolved sample microstructure whose statistical form is not spatially slowly varying. Here, we extend the MIST formalism such that there is no such restriction, in terms of a sample's rotationally-isotropic diffusive-dark-field signal. We reconstruct multimodal signals of two samples, each with distinct X-ray attenuation and scattering properties. The reconstructed diffusive-dark-field signals have superior image quality compared to our previous approaches which assume the diffusive-dark-field to be a slowly varying function of transverse position. Our generalisation may assist increased adoption of SB-PCXI in applications such as engineering and biomedical disciplines, forestry, and palaeontology, and is anticipated to aid the development of speckle-based diffusive-dark-field tensor tomography., Comment: 18 pages, 7 figures

Published
2023

13. Paraxial diffusion-field retrieval

Author

Paganin, David M., Pelliccia, Daniele, and Morgan, Kaye S.

Subjects
Physics - Optics, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing
Abstract

Unresolved spatially-random microstructure, in an illuminated sample, can lead to position-dependent blur when an image of that sample is formed. For a small propagation distance, between the exit surface of the sample and the entrance surface of a position-sensitive detector, the paraxial approximation implies that the blurring influence of the sample may be modeled using an anomalous-diffusion field. This diffusion field may have a scalar or tensor character, depending on whether the random microstructure has an autocorrelation function that is rotationally isotropic or anisotropic, respectively. Partial differential equations are written down and then solved, in a closed-form manner, for several variants of the inverse problem of diffusion-field retrieval given suitable intensity images. Both uniform-illumination and structured-illumination schemes are considered. Links are made, between the recovered diffusion field and certain statistical properties of the unresolved microstructure. The developed theory -- which may be viewed as a crudely parallel form of small-angle scattering under the Guinier approximation -- is applicable to a range of paraxial radiation and matter fields, such as visible light, x rays, neutrons, and electrons., Comment: Numerous very minor corrections and clarifications throughout, compared to the previous version

Published
2023
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14. Single-exposure x-ray dark-field imaging: quantifying sample microstructure using a single-grid setup

Author

How, Ying Ying, Paganin, David M., and Morgan, Kaye S.

Subjects
Physics - Medical Physics, Physics - Optics
Abstract

The size of the smallest detectable sample feature in an x-ray imaging system is usually restricted by the spatial resolution of the system. This limitation can now be overcome using the diffusive dark-field signal, which is generated by unresolved phase effects or the ultra-small-angle x-ray scattering from unresolved sample microstructures. A quantitative measure of this dark-field signal can be useful in revealing the microstructure size or material for medical diagnosis, security screening and materials science. Recently, we derived a new method to quantify the diffusive dark-field signal in terms of a scattering angle using a single-exposure grid-based approach. In this manuscript, we look at the problem of quantifying the sample microstructure size from this single-exposure dark-field signal. We do this by quantifying the diffusive dark-field signal produced by 5 different sizes of polystyrene microspheres, ranging from 1.0 $\mu$m to 10.8 $\mu$m, to investigate how the strength of the dark-field signal changes with the sample microstructure size, $S$. We also explore the feasibility of performing single-exposure dark-field imaging with a simple equation for the optimal propagation distance given microstructure with a specific size and thickness, and successfully verify this equation with experimental data. Our theoretical model predicts that the dark-field scattering angle is inversely proportional to $\sqrt{S}$, which is consistent with our experimental data., Comment: 20 pages, 11 figures

Published
2022
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15. Directional dark-field retrieval with single-grid x-ray imaging

Author

Croughan, Michelle K, How, Ying Ying, Pennings, Allan, and Morgan, Kaye S

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Physics - Optics
Abstract

Directional dark-field imaging is an emerging x-ray modality that is sensitive to unresolved anisotropic scattering from sub-pixel sample microstructures. A single-grid imaging set-up can be used to capture dark-field images by looking at changes in a grid pattern projected upon the sample. By creating analytical models for the experiment, we have developed a single-grid directional dark field retrieval algorithm that can extract dark-field parameters such as the dominant scattering direction, and the semi-major and -minor scattering angles. We show that this method is effective even in the presence of high image noise, allowing for low dose and time sequence imaging.

Published
2022
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16. Fast implicit diffusive dark-field retrieval for single-exposure, single-mask x-ray imaging

Author

Beltran, Mario A., Paganin, David M., Croughan, Michelle K., and Morgan, Kaye S.

Subjects
Physics - Medical Physics, Physics - Optics
Abstract

Complementary to conventional and phase X-ray radiography, dark-field imaging has become central in visualizing diffusive scattering signal due to the spatially-unresolved texture within an object. To date most diffusive-dark-field retrieval methods require either the acquisition of multiple images at the cost of higher radiation dose or significant amounts of computational memory and time. In this work, a simple method of X-ray diffusive dark-field retrieval is presented, applicable to any single-mask imaging setup, with only one exposure of the sample. The approach, which is based on a model of geometric and diffusive reverse-flow conservation, is implicit and non-iterative. This numerically fast methodology is applied to experimental X-ray images acquired using both a random mask and a grid mask, giving high quality reconstructions that are very stable in the presence of noise. The method should be useful for high-speed imaging and/or imaging with low-flux sources.

Published
2022

18. Tomographic phase and attenuation extraction for a sample composed of unknown materials using X-ray propagation-based phase-contrast imaging

Author

Alloo, Samantha J., Paganin, David M., Morgan, Kaye S., Gureyev, Timur E., Mayo, Sherry C., Mohammadi, Sara, Lockie, Darren, Menk, Ralf Hendrik, Arfelli, Fulvia, Zanconati, Fabrizio, Tromba, Giuliana, and Pavlov, Konstantin M.

Subjects
Physics - Medical Physics, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Physics - Optics
Abstract

Propagation-based phase-contrast X-ray imaging (PB-PCXI) generates image contrast by utilizing sample-imposed phase-shifts. This has proven useful when imaging weakly-attenuating samples, as conventional attenuation-based imaging does not always provide adequate contrast. We present a PB-PCXI algorithm capable of extracting the X-ray attenuation, $\beta$, and refraction, $\delta$, components of the complex refractive index of distinct materials within an unknown sample. The method involves curve-fitting an error-function-based model to a phase-retrieved interface in a PB-PCXI tomographic reconstruction, which is obtained when Paganin-type phase-retrieval is applied with incorrect values of $\delta$ and $\beta$. The fit parameters can then be used to calculate true $\delta$ and $\beta$ values for composite materials. This approach requires no a priori sample information, making it broadly applicable. Our PB-PCXI reconstruction is single distance, requiring only one exposure per tomographic angle, which is important for radiosensitive samples. We apply this approach to a breast-tissue sample, recovering the refraction component, $\delta$, with 0.6 - 2.4\% accuracy compared to theoretical values., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures and 1 table

Published
2021
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20. EVALUATION OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES (ICTs) TOOLS CONTRIBUTING TO RURAL DEVELOPMENT

Author

Modiba F.S. and Kaye S.

Subjects
measurement tools, rural development, information and communication technologies, frameworks, the fourth industrial revolution, rural communities, Agriculture (General), S1-972
Abstract

The move towards embracing the fourth industrial revolution by the South African government to explore more employment opportunities brings questions on how rural communities will be supported to join this digital revolution. However, measurement tools for ICTs in rural areas could be more varied. Furthermore, existing measurement tools are designed for organisations, thus excluding the individuals who are at the receiving end of development, thus extending the digital divide. This paper explores how rural development can be measured, focusing on individuals and communities. A qualitative semi-integrative review was conducted, and data was analysed using content analysis. Results revealed that specific measurement tools for measuring the impact of ICTs in rural development are limited, and only a few frameworks could be identified, suggesting a need for more inclusive approaches. Available frameworks are project-focused and do not allow self-evaluations by community users experiencing other ICTs. Additionally, it was revealed that while a focused measurement tool is required, CA and including relevant livelihood assets can be valuable for evaluating ICT impact. A framework was proposed that could be feasible for South African rural communities. The implication for practice is that infrastructural challenges are at the heart of the digital divide; therefore, policymakers and development practitioners should push for policies promoting digital inclusion and readiness in rural areas.

Published
2023
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21. Directional dark-field implicit x-ray speckle tracking using an anisotropic-diffusion Fokker-Planck equation

Author

Pavlov, Konstantin M., Paganin, David M., Morgan, Kaye S., Heyang, Li, Berujon, Sebastien, Quénot, Laurène, and Brun, Emmanuel

Subjects
Physics - Medical Physics, Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

When a macroscopic-sized non-crystalline sample is illuminated using coherent x-ray radiation, a bifurcation of photon energy flow may occur. The coarse-grained complex refractive index of the sample may be considered to attenuate and refract the incident coherent beam, leading to a coherent component of the transmitted beam. Spatially-unresolved sample microstructure, associated with the fine-grained components of the complex refractive index, introduces a diffuse component to the transmitted beam. This diffuse photon-scattering channel may be viewed in terms of position-dependent fans of ultra-small-angle x-ray scatter. These position-dependent fans, at the exit surface of the object, may under certain circumstances be approximated as having a locally-elliptical shape. By using an anisotropic-diffusion Fokker-Planck approach to model this bifurcated x-ray energy flow, we show how all three components (attenuation, refraction and locally-elliptical diffuse scatter) may be recovered. This is done via x-ray speckle tracking, in which the sample is illuminated with spatially-random x-ray fields generated by coherent illumination of a spatially-random membrane. The theory is developed, and then successfully applied to experimental x-ray data., Comment: To be published in Physical Review A; accepted version with minor revisions compared to the previous version

Published
2021
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22. On the quantification of sample microstructure using single-exposure x-ray dark-field imaging via a single-grid setup

Author

Ying Ying How, David M. Paganin, and Kaye S. Morgan

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract The size of the smallest detectable sample feature in an x-ray imaging system is usually restricted by the spatial resolution of the system. This limitation can now be overcome using the diffusive dark-field signal, which is generated by unresolved phase effects or the ultra-small-angle x-ray scattering from unresolved sample microstructures. A quantitative measure of this dark-field signal can be useful in revealing the microstructure size or material for medical diagnosis, security screening and materials science. Recently, we derived a new method to quantify the diffusive dark-field signal in terms of a scattering angle using a single-exposure grid-based approach. In this manuscript, we look at the problem of quantifying the sample microstructure size from this single-exposure dark-field signal. We do this by quantifying the diffusive dark-field signal produced by 5 different sizes of polystyrene microspheres, ranging from 1.0 to 10.8 µm, to investigate how the strength of the extracted dark-field signal changes with the sample microstructure size, $$S$$ S . We also explore the feasibility of performing single-exposure dark-field imaging with a simple equation for the optimal propagation distance, given microstructure with a specific size and thickness, and show consistency between this model and experimental data. Our theoretical model predicts that the dark-field scattering angle is inversely proportional to $$\sqrt{S}$$ S , which is also consistent with our experimental data.

Published
2023
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23. SN 2018ijp: the explosion of a stripped-envelope star within a dense H-rich shell?

Author

Tartaglia, L., Sollerman, J., Barbarino, C., Taddia, F., Mason, E., Berton, M., Taggart, K., Bellm, E. C., De, K., Frederick, S., Fremling, C., Gal-Yam, A., Golkhou, V. Z., Graham, M., Ho, A. Y. Q., Hung, T., Kaye, S., Kim, Y. L., Laher, R. R., Masci, F. J., Perley, D. A., Porter, M. D., Reiley, D. J., Riddle, R., Rusholme, B., Soumagnac, M. T., and Walters, R.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

In this paper, we discuss the outcomes of the follow-up campaign of SN 2018ijp, discovered as part of the Zwicky Transient Facility survey for optical transients. Its first spectrum shows similarities to broad-lined Type Ic supernovae around maximum light, whereas later spectra display strong signatures of interaction between rapidly expanding ejecta and a dense H-rich circumstellar medium, coinciding with a second peak in the photometric evolution of the transient. This evolution, along with the results of modeling of the first light curve peak, suggests a scenario where a stripped star exploded within a dense circumstellar medium. The two main phases in the evolution of the transient could be interpreted as a first phase dominated by radioactive decays, and an later interaction-dominated phase where the ejecta collide with a pre-existing shell. We therefore discuss SN 2018jp within the context of a massive star depleted of its outer layers exploding within a dense H-rich circumstellar medium., Comment: Accepted for publication on Astronomy and Astrophysics. 11 pages, 10 figures, 1 table. Photometric table available at the CDS

Published
2020
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24. SN 2020bqj: a Type Ibn supernova with a long lasting peak plateau

Author

Kool, E. C., Karamehmetoglu, E., Sollerman, J., Schulze, S., Lunnan, R., Reynolds, T. M., Barbarino, C., Bellm, E. C., De, K., Duev, D. A., Fremling, C., Golkhou, V. Z., Graham, M. L., Green, D. A., Horesh, A., Kaye, S., Kim, Y. -L., Laher, R. R., Masci, F. J., Nordin, J., Perley, D. A., Phinney, E. S., Porter, M., Reiley, D., Rodriguez, H., van Roestel, J., Rusholme, B., Sharma, Y., Sfaradi, I., Soumagnac, M. T., Taggart, K., Tartaglia, L., Williams, D. R. A., and Yan, L.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Context: Type Ibn supernovae are a rare class of stripped envelope supernovae interacting with a helium-rich CSM. The majority of the SNe Ibn reported display a surprising homogeneity in their fast lightcurves and starforming hosts. Aims: We present the discovery and study of SN 2020bqj (ZTF20aalrqbu), a SN Ibn with a long-duration peak plateau lasting 40 days and hosted by a faint low-mass galaxy. We aim to explain its peculiar properties using an extensive data set. Methods: We compare the evolution of SN 2020bqj with SNe Ibn from the literature. We fit the bolometric and multi-band lightcurves with different powering mechanism models. Results: The risetime, peak magnitude and spectral features of SN 2020bqj are consistent with those of most SNe Ibn, but the SN is a clear outlier based on its bright, long-lasting peak plateau and low host mass. We show through modeling that the lightcurve can be powered predominantly by shock heating from the interaction of the SN ejecta and a dense CSM. The peculiar Type Ibn SN 2011hw is a close analog to SN 2020bqj, suggesting a similar progenitor and CSM scenario. In this scenario a very massive progenitor star in the transitional phase between a luminous blue variable and a compact Wolf-Rayet star undergoes core-collapse, embedded in a dense helium-rich CSM with an elevated opacity compared to normal SNe Ibn, due to the presence of residual hydrogen. This scenario is consistent with the observed properties of SN 2020bqj and the modeling results. Conclusions: SN 2020bqj is a compelling example of a transitional SN Ibn/IIn based on not only its spectral features, but also its lightcurve, host galaxy properties and the inferred progenitor properties. The strong similarity with SN 2011hw suggests this subclass may be the result of a progenitor in a stellar evolution phase that is distinct from those of progenitors of regular SNe Ibn., Comment: 22 pages, 14 figures, 5 tables. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics. Abstract abridged for arXiv submission

Published
2020
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25. Helium-rich Superluminous Supernovae From the Zwicky Transient Facility

Author

Yan, Lin, Perley, D., Schulze, S., Lunnan, R., Sollerman, J., De, K., Chen, Z., Fremling, C., Gal-Yam, A., Taggart, K., Chen, T. W., Andreoni, I., Bellm, E. C., Cunningham, V., Dekany, R., Duev, D., Fransson, C., Laher, R., Hankins, M., Ho, A., Jencson, J., Kaye, S., Kulkarni, S., Kasliwal, M., Golkhou, V., Graham, M., Masci, F., Miller, A., Neill, J., Ofek, E., Porter, M., Mróz, P., Reiley, D., Riddle, R., Rigault, M, Rusholme, B., Shupe, D., Soumagnac, M., Smith, R., Tartaglia, L., Yao, Y., and Yaron, O.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Helium is expected to be present in the ejecta of some hydrogen-poor superluminous supernovae (SLSN-I). However, so far only one event, PTF10hgi has been identified with He features in its photospheric spectra (Quimby et al. 2018). We present the discovery of a new He-rich SLSN-I, ZTF19aawfbtg (SN2019hge) at $z=0.0866$. This event has more than 10 optical spectra at phases from $-41$ to $+103$\,days relative to the peak, most of which match well with that of PTF10hgi. Confirmation comes from a near-IR spectrum taken at $+34$ days, revealing He I features with P-Cygni profiles at 1.083 and 2.058$\mu$m. Using the optical spectra of PTF10hgi and SN2019hge as templates, we examine 70 SLSN-I discovered by ZTF in the first two years of operation and found additional five SLSN-I with distinct He-features. The excitation of He\,I atoms in normal core collapse supernovae requires non-thermal radiation, as proposed by previous studies. These He-rich events can not be explained by traditional $^{56}$Ni mixing model because of their blue spectra, high peak luminosity and slow rising time scales. Magnetar models offer a possible solution since pulsar winds naturally generate high energy particles as sources of non-thermal excitation. An alternative model is ejecta interaction with H-poor CSM which may be supported by the observed light curve undulations. These six SLSN-Ib appear to have relatively low-peak luminosities (rest-frame $M_g = -20.06\pm0.16$ mag)., Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJL. Matched with the published version

Published
2020
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26. The Spectacular Ultraviolet Flash From the Peculiar Type Ia Supernova 2019yvq

Author

Miller, A. A., Magee, M. R., Polin, A., Maguire, K., Zimmerman, E., Yao, Y., Sollerman, J., Schulze, S., Perley, D. A., Kromer, M., Bulla, M., Andreoni, I., Bellm, E. C., De, K., Dekany, R., Delacroix, A., Dhawan, S., Fremling, C., Gal-Yam, A., Goldstein, D. A., Golkhou, V. Z., Goobar, A., Graham, M. J., Irani, I., Kasliwal, M. M., Kaye, S., Kim, Y. -L., Laher, R. R., Mahabal, A. A., Masci, F. J., Nugent, P. E., Ofek, E., Phinney, E. S., Prentice, S. J., Riddle, R., Rigault, M., Rusholme, B., Schweyer, T., Shupe, D. L., Soumagnac, M. T., Terreran, G., Walters, R., Yan, L., Zolkower, J., and Kulkarni, S. R.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Early observations of Type Ia supernovae (SNe$\,$Ia) provide essential clues for understanding the progenitor system that gave rise to the terminal thermonuclear explosion. We present exquisite observations of SN$\,$2019yvq, the second observed SN$\,$Ia, after iPTF$\,$14atg, to display an early flash of emission in the ultraviolet (UV) and optical. Our analysis finds that SN$\,$2019yvq was unusual, even when ignoring the initial flash, in that it was moderately underluminous for an SN$\,$Ia ($M_g \approx -18.5\,$mag at peak) yet featured very high absorption velocities ($v \approx 15,000\,\mathrm{km\,s}^{-1}$ for Si II $\lambda$6355 at peak). We find that many of the observational features of SN$\,$2019yvq, aside from the flash, can be explained if the explosive yield of radioactive $^{56}\mathrm{Ni}$ is relatively low (we measure $M_{^{56}\mathrm{Ni}} = 0.31 \pm 0.05\,M_\odot$) and it and other iron-group elements are concentrated in the innermost layers of the ejecta. To explain both the UV/optical flash and peak properties of SN$\,$2019yvq we consider four different models: interaction between the SN ejecta and a nondegenerate companion, extended clumps of $^{56}\mathrm{Ni}$ in the outer ejecta, a double-detonation explosion, and the violent merger of two white dwarfs. Each of these models has shortcomings when compared to the observations; it is clear additional tuning is required to better match SN$\,$2019yvq. In closing, we predict that the nebular spectra of SN$\,$2019yvq will feature either H or He emission, if the ejecta collided with a companion, strong [Ca II] emission, if it was a double detonation, or narrow [O I] emission, if it was due to a violent merger., Comment: 27 pages, 14 figures, accepted in ApJ

Published
2020
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27. Material decomposition from a single x-ray projection via single-grid phase contrast imaging

Author

Groenendijk, Celebrity F., Schaff, Florian, Croton, Linda C. P., Kitchen, Marcus J., and Morgan, Kaye S.

Subjects
Physics - Medical Physics, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing
Abstract

This study describes a new approach for material decomposition in x-ray imaging, utilising phase contrast to both increase sensitivity to weakly-attenuating samples and to act as a complementary measurement to attenuation, therefore allowing two overlaid materials to be separated. The measurements are captured using the single-exposure, single-grid x-ray phase contrast imaging technique, with a novel correction that aims to remove propagation-based phase effects seen at sharp edges in the attenuation image. The use of a single-exposure technique means that images could be collected in a high-speed sequence. Results are shown for both a known two-material sample and for a biological specimen.

Published
2020
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28. SN 2020bqj: A Type Ibn supernova with a long-lasting peak plateau⋆

Author

Kool, EC, Karamehmetoglu, E, Sollerman, J, Schulze, S, Lunnan, R, Reynolds, TM, Barbarino, C, Bellm, EC, De, K, Duev, DA, Fremling, C, Golkhou, VZ, Graham, ML, Green, DA, Horesh, A, Kaye, S, Kim, Y-L, Laher, RR, Masci, FJ, Nordin, J, Perley, DA, Phinney, ES, Porter, M, Reiley, D, Rodriguez, H, van Roestel, J, Rusholme, B, Sharma, Y, Sfaradi, I, Soumagnac, MT, Taggart, K, Tartaglia, L, Williams, DRA, and Yan, L

Subjects
Space Sciences, Physical Sciences, supernovae: general, supernovae: individual: SN 2020bqj, supernovae: individual: SN 2011hw, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astronomical sciences, Particle and high energy physics, Space sciences
Abstract

Context. Type Ibn supernovae (SNe Ibn) are a rare class of stripped envelope supernovae interacting with a helium-rich circumstellar medium (CSM). The majority of the SNe Ibn reported in the literature display a surprising homogeneity in their fast-evolving lightcurves and are typically found in actively starforming spiral galaxies. Aims. We present the discovery and the study of SN 2020bqj (ZTF20aalrqbu), a SN Ibn with a long-duration peak plateau lasting 40 days and hosted by a faint low-mass galaxy. We aim to explain its peculiar properties using an extensive photometric and spectroscopic data set. Methods. We compare the photometric and spectral evolution of SN 2020bqj with regular SNe Ibn from the literature, as well as with other outliers in the SN Ibn subclass. We fit the bolometric and multi-band lightcurves with powering mechanism models such as radioactive decay and CSM interaction. We also model the host galaxy of SN 2020bqj. Results. The risetime, peak magnitude and spectral features of SN 2020bqj are consistent with those of most SNe Ibn, but the SN is a clear outlier in the subclass based on its bright, long-lasting peak plateau and the low mass of its faint host galaxy. We show through modeling that the lightcurve of SN 2020bqj can be powered predominantly by shock heating from the interaction of the SN ejecta and a dense CSM, combined with radioactive decay. The peculiar Type Ibn SN 2011hw is a close analog to SN 2020bqj in terms of lightcurve and spectral evolution, suggesting a similar progenitor and CSM scenario. In this scenario a very massive progenitor star in the transitional phase between a luminous blue variable and a compact Wolf-Rayet star undergoes core-collapse, embedded in a dense helium-rich CSM with an elevated opacity compared to normal SNe Ibn, due to the presence of residual hydrogen. This scenario is consistent with the observed properties of SN 2020bqj and the modeling results. Conclusions. SN 2020bqj is a compelling example of a transitional SN Ibn/IIn based on not only its spectral features, but also its lightcurve, host galaxy properties and the inferred progenitor properties. The strong similarity with SN 2011hw suggests this subclass may be the result of a progenitor in a stellar evolution phase that is distinct from those of progenitors of regular SNe Ibn.

Published
2021

29. AGNs on the Move: A Search for Off-nuclear AGNs from Recoiling Supermassive Black Holes and Ongoing Galaxy Mergers with the Zwicky Transient Facility

Author

Ward, C, Gezari, S, Frederick, S, Hammerstein, E, Nugent, P, Van Velzen, S, Drake, A, García-Pérez, A, Oyoo, I, Bellm, EC, Duev, DA, Graham, MJ, Kasliwal, MM, Kaye, S, Mahabal, AA, Masci, FJ, Rusholme, B, Soumagnac, MT, and Yan, L

Subjects
Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural)
Abstract

A supermassive black hole (SMBH) ejected from the potential well of its host galaxy via gravitational wave recoil carries important information about the mass ratio and spin alignment of the pre-merger SMBH binary. Such a recoiling SMBH may be detectable as an active galactic nucleus (AGN) broad-line region offset by up to 10 kpc from a disturbed host galaxy. We describe a novel methodology using forward modeling with The Tractor to search for such offset AGNs in a sample of 5493 optically variable AGNs detected with the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF). We present the discovery of nine AGNs that may be spatially offset from their host galaxies and are candidates for recoiling SMBHs. Five of these offset AGNs exhibit double-peaked broad Balmer lines, which may have arisen from unobscured accretion disk emission, and four show radio emission indicative of a relativistic jet. The fraction of double-peaked emitters in our spatially offset AGN sample is significantly larger than the 16% double-peaked emitter fraction observed for ZTF AGNs overall. In our sample of variable AGNs we also identified 52 merging galaxies, including a new spectroscopically confirmed dual AGN. Finally, we detected the dramatic rebrightening of SDSS 1133, a previously discovered variable object and recoiling SMBH candidate, in ZTF. The flare was accompanied by the reemergence of strong P Cygni line features, indicating that SDSS 1133 may be an outbursting luminous blue variable star.

Published
2021

30. SN 2018ijp: the explosion of a stripped-envelope star within a dense H-rich shell?⋆⋆⋆

Author

Tartaglia, L, Sollerman, J, Barbarino, C, Taddia, F, Mason, E, Berton, M, Taggart, K, Bellm, EC, De, K, Frederick, S, Fremling, C, Gal-Yam, A, Golkhou, VZ, Graham, M, Ho, AYQ, Hung, T, Kaye, S, Kim, Y-L, Laher, RR, Masci, FJ, Perley, DA, Porter, MD, Reiley, DJ, Riddle, R, Rusholme, B, Soumagnac, MT, and Walters, R

Subjects
Space Sciences, Particle and High Energy Physics, Astronomical Sciences, Physical Sciences, supernovae: general, supernovae: individual: SN 2018ijp, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astronomical sciences, Particle and high energy physics, Space sciences
Abstract

In this paper, we discuss the outcomes of the follow-up campaign of SN 2018ijp, discovered as part of the Zwicky Transient Facility survey for optical transients. Its first spectrum shows similarities to broad-lined Type Ic supernovae around maximum light, whereas later spectra display strong signatures of interaction between rapidly expanding ejecta and a dense H-rich circumstellar medium, coinciding with a second peak in the photometric evolution of the transient. This evolution, along with the results of modeling of the first light-curve peak, suggests a scenario where a stripped star exploded within a dense circumstellar medium. The two main phases in the evolution of the transient could be interpreted as a first phase dominated by radioactive decays, and a later interaction-dominated phase where the ejecta collide with a pre-existing shell. We therefore discuss SN 2018jp within the context of a massive star depleted of its outer layers exploding within a dense H-rich circumstellar medium.

Published
2021

31. M ultimodal intrinsic speckle-tracking (MIST) to extract images of rapidly-varying diffuse X-ray dark-field

Author

Samantha J. Alloo, Kaye S. Morgan, David M. Paganin, and Konstantin M. Pavlov

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Speckle-based phase-contrast X-ray imaging (SB-PCXI) can reconstruct high-resolution images of weakly-attenuating materials that would otherwise be indistinguishable in conventional attenuation-based X-ray imaging. The experimental setup of SB-PCXI requires only a sufficiently coherent X-ray source and spatially random mask, positioned between the source and detector. The technique can extract sample information at length scales smaller than the imaging system’s spatial resolution; this enables multimodal signal reconstruction. “Multimodal Intrinsic Speckle-Tracking” (MIST) is a rapid and deterministic formalism derived from the paraxial-optics form of the Fokker–Planck equation. MIST simultaneously extracts attenuation, refraction, and small-angle scattering (diffusive dark-field) signals from a sample and is more computationally efficient compared to alternative speckle-tracking approaches. Hitherto, variants of MIST have assumed the diffusive dark-field signal to be spatially slowly varying. Although successful, these approaches have been unable to well-describe unresolved sample microstructure whose statistical form is not spatially slowly varying. Here, we extend the MIST formalism such that this restriction is removed, in terms of a sample’s rotationally-isotropic diffusive dark-field signal. We reconstruct multimodal signals of two samples, each with distinct X-ray attenuation and scattering properties. The reconstructed diffusive dark-field signals have superior image quality—as measured by the naturalness image quality evaluator, signal-to-noise ratio, and azimuthally averaged power-spectrum—compared to our previous approaches which assume the diffusive dark-field to be a slowly varying function of transverse position. Our generalisation may assist increased adoption of SB-PCXI in applications such as engineering and biomedical disciplines, forestry, and palaeontology, and is anticipated to aid the development of speckle-based diffusive dark-field tensor tomography.

Published
2023
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33. Material Decomposition using Spectral Propagation-based Phase Contrast X-ray Imaging

Author

Schaff, Florian, Morgan, Kaye S., Pollock, James A., Croton, Linda C. P., Hooper, Stuart B., and Kitchen, Marcus J.

Subjects
Physics - Medical Physics, Physics - Applied Physics, Physics - Optics
Abstract

Material decomposition in X-ray imaging uses the energy-dependence of attenuation to virtually decompose an object into specific constituent materials. X-ray phase contrast imaging is a developing technique that can enhance image contrast seen from weakly attenuating objects. In this paper, we combine spectral phase contrast imaging with material decomposition to both better visualise weakly attenuating features and separate them from overlying objects in radiography. We derive an algorithm that performs both tasks simultaneously and verify it against numerical simulations and experimental measurements of ideal two-component samples composed of pure aluminium and poly(methyl methacrylate). Additionally, we showcase first imaging results of a rabbit kitten's lung. The attenuation signal of a thorax, in particular, is dominated by the strongly attenuating bones of the ribcage, which combined with the weak soft tissue signal make it difficult to visualise the fine anatomical structures across the whole lung. In all cases, clean material decomposition was achieved, without residual phase contrast effects, from which we generate an un-obstructed image of the lung, free of bones. Spectral propagation-based phase contrast imaging has the potential to be a valuable tool, not only in future lung research, but also in other systems for which phase contrast imaging in combination with material decomposition proves to be advantageous., Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures

Published
2019

34. Scalings for Tokamak Energy Confinement

Author

Yushmanov, P., Takizuka, T., Riedel, K., Kardaun, O., Cordey, J., Kaye, S., and Post, D.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control, Statistics - Applications, Statistics - Other Statistics
Abstract

On the basis of an analysis of the ITER L-mode energy confinement database, two new scaling expressions for tokamak L-mode energy confinement are proposed, namely a power law scaling and an offset-linear scaling. The analysis indicates that the present multiplicity of scaling expressions for the energy confinement time TE in tokamaks (Goldston, Kaye, Odajima-Shimomura, Rebut-Lallia, etc.) is due both to the lack of variation of a key parameter combination in the database, fs = 0.32 R a^.75 k^ 5 ~ A a^.25 k^.5, and to variations in the dependence of rE on the physical parameters among the different tokamaks in the database. By combining multiples of fs and another factor, fq = 1.56 a^2 kB/R Ip = qeng/3.2, which partially reflects the tokamak to tokamak variation of the dependence of TE on q and therefore implicitly the dependence of TE on Ip and n,., the two proposed confinement scaling expressions can be transformed to forms very close to most of the common scaling expressions. To reduce the multiplicity of the scalings for energy confinement, the database must be improved by adding new data with significant variations in fs, and the physical reasons for the tokamak to tokamak variation of some of the dependences of the energy confinement time on tokamak parameters must be clarified

Published
2019

35. X-ray Fokker--Planck equation for paraxial imaging

Author

Paganin, David M. and Morgan, Kaye S.

Subjects
Physics - Optics, Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

The Fokker--Planck Equation can be used in a partially-coherent imaging context to model the evolution of the intensity of a paraxial x-ray wave field with propagation. This forms a natural generalisation of the transport-of-intensity equation. The x-ray Fokker--Planck equation can simultaneously account for both propagation-based phase contrast, and the diffusive effects of sample-induced small-angle x-ray scattering, when forming an x-ray image of a thin sample. Two derivations are given for the Fokker--Planck equation associated with x-ray imaging, together with a Kramers--Moyal generalisation thereof. Both equations are underpinned by the concept of unresolved speckle due to unresolved sample micro-structure. These equations may be applied to the forward problem of modelling image formation in the presence of both coherent and diffusive energy transport. They may also be used to formulate associated inverse problems of retrieving the phase shifts due to a sample placed in an x-ray beam, together with the diffusive properties of the sample. The domain of applicability for the Fokker--Planck and Kramers--Moyal equations for paraxial imaging is at least as broad as that of the transport-of-intensity equation which they generalise, hence the technique is also expected to be useful for paraxial imaging using visible light, electrons and neutrons.

Published
2019
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36. Applying the Fokker--Planck equation to grating-based x-ray phase and dark-field imaging

Author

Morgan, Kaye S. and Paganin, David M.

Subjects
Physics - Optics, Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

X-ray imaging has conventionally relied upon attenuation to provide contrast. In recent years, two complementary modalities have been added; phase contrast and dark-field x-ray imaging, capturing weakly attenuating and sub-pixel sample structures respectively. These three modalities can be accessed using a crystal analyser, a grating interferometer or by looking at a directly-resolved grid, grating or speckle pattern. Grating and grid-based methods extract a differential phase signal by measuring how far a feature in the illumination has been shifted transversely due to the presence of a sample. The dark-field signal is extracted by measuring how the visibility of the structured illumination is decreased, typically due to the presence of sub-pixel structures in a sample. The strength of the dark-field signal may depend on the grating period, the pixel size and the set-up distances, and additional dark-field signal contributions may be seen as a result of strong phase effects or other factors. In this paper we show that the finite-difference form of the Fokker--Planck Equation can be applied to describe the drift (phase signal) and diffusion (dark-field signal) of the periodic or structured illumination used in phase contrast x-ray imaging with gratings, in order to better understand any cross-talk between attenuation, phase and dark-field x-ray signals. In future work, this mathematical description could be used as a basis for new approaches to the inverse problem of recovering both phase and dark-field information.

Published
2019
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37. The Spectacular Ultraviolet Flash from the Peculiar Type Ia Supernova 2019yvq

Author

Miller, AA, Magee, MR, Polin, A, Maguire, K, Zimmerman, E, Yao, Y, Sollerman, J, Schulze, S, Perley, DA, Kromer, M, Dhawan, S, Bulla, M, Andreoni, I, Bellm, EC, De, K, Dekany, R, Delacroix, A, Fremling, C, Gal-Yam, A, Goldstein, DA, Golkhou, VZ, Goobar, A, Graham, MJ, Irani, I, Kasliwal, MM, Kaye, S, Kim, YL, Laher, RR, Mahabal, AA, Masci, FJ, Nugent, PE, Ofek, E, Phinney, ES, Prentice, SJ, Riddle, R, Rigault, M, Rusholme, B, Schweyer, T, Shupe, DL, Soumagnac, MT, Terreran, G, Walters, R, Yan, L, Zolkower, J, and Kulkarni, SR

Subjects
astro-ph.HE, astro-ph.SR, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Physical Chemistry, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural)
Abstract

Early observations of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) provide essential clues for understanding the progenitor system that gave rise to the terminal thermonuclear explosion. We present exquisite observations of SN 2019yvq, the second observed SN Ia, after iPTF 14atg, to display an early flash of emission in the ultraviolet (UV) and optical. Our analysis finds that SN 2019yvq was unusual, even when ignoring the initial flash, in that it was moderately underluminous for an SN Ia (Mg ≈ 18.5 mag at peak) yet featured very high absorption velocities (v ≈ 15,000 km s-1 for Si ii λ6355 at peak). We find that many of the observational features of SN 2019yvq, aside from the flash, can be explained if the explosive yield of radioactive 56Ni is relatively low (we measure M56Ni=0.31±0.05,M⊙) and it and other iron-group elements are concentrated in the innermost layers of the ejecta. To explain both the UV/optical flash and peak properties of SN 2019yvq we consider four different models: interaction between the SN ejecta and a nondegenerate companion, extended clumps of 56Ni in the outer ejecta, a double-detonation explosion, and the violent merger of two white dwarfs. Each of these models has shortcomings when compared to the observations; it is clear additional tuning is required to better match SN 2019yvq. In closing, we predict that the nebular spectra of SN 2019yvq will feature either H or He emission, if the ejecta collided with a companion, strong [Ca ii] emission, if it was a double detonation, or narrow [O i] emission, if it was due to a violent merger.

Published
2020

38. Motivators and Barriers: Factors Influencing the Willingness of VSUIHS Students to Participate in the COVID-19 Vaccination Drive

Author

Krista Julesa B. Galo, Janine Kaye S. Tabudlong, and Heart B. Yokingco

Subjects
vaccine, covid-19, hesitancy, acceptability, factors, vsuihs, Commercial geography. Economic geography, HF1021-1027, Economic theory. Demography, HB1-3840
Abstract

Vaccination is typically the most effective approach for reducing infectious diseases. However, individuals and groups may choose to delay or refuse immunization because of hesitancy. Only a few research have looked into the occurrence and factors of COVID-19 vaccine uptake in Leyte. Hence, this research was carried out with the primary goal of determining the factors that influence COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and refusal, particularly among students at Visayas State University Integrated High School. An online survey created through Google Forms was used and a total of 212 individuals answered the survey. A binary logistic regression was used in evaluating the motivating factors and barriers to participate in the vaccination drive. The results show that vaccine hesitancy is predicted by an increase in medical conditions and level of fear in acquiring COVID-19. On the other hand, having a high level of knowledge about COVID-19 vaccine can predict vaccine acceptability. The findings suggest the importance of providing additional information about the COVID-19 vaccine to students in order to reduce vaccine hesitancy.

Published
2022
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39. Precise phase retrieval for propagation-based images using discrete mathematics

Author

James A. Pollock, Kaye S. Morgan, Linda C. P. Croton, Michelle K. Croughan, Gary Ruben, Naoto Yagi, Hiroshi Sekiguchi, and Marcus J. Kitchen

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract The ill-posed problem of phase retrieval in optics, using one or more intensity measurements, has a multitude of applications using electromagnetic or matter waves. Many phase retrieval algorithms are computed on pixel arrays using discrete Fourier transforms due to their high computational efficiency. However, the mathematics underpinning these algorithms is typically formulated using continuous mathematics, which can result in a loss of spatial resolution in the reconstructed images. Herein we investigate how phase retrieval algorithms for propagation-based phase-contrast X-ray imaging can be rederived using discrete mathematics and result in more precise retrieval for single- and multi-material objects and for spectral image decomposition. We validate this theory through experimental measurements of spatial resolution using computed tomography (CT) reconstructions of plastic phantoms and biological tissues, using detectors with a range of imaging system point spread functions (PSFs). We demonstrate that if the PSF substantially suppresses high spatial frequencies, the potential improvement from utilising the discrete derivation is limited. However, with detectors characterised by a single pixel PSF (e.g. direct, photon-counting X-ray detectors), a significant improvement in spatial resolution can be obtained, demonstrated here at up to 17%.

Published
2022
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40. A simple, pixel-wise response correction for ring artifact removal in both absorption and phase contrast X-ray computed tomography

Author

Croton, Linda C. P., Ruben, Gary, Morgan, Kaye S., Paganin, David M., and Kitchen, Marcus J.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

We present a pixel-specific, measurement-driven correction that effectively minimizes errors in detector response that give rise to the ring artifacts commonly seen in X-ray computed tomography (CT) scans. This correction is easy to implement, suppresses CT artifacts significantly, and is effective enough for use with both absorption and phase contrast imaging. It can be used as a standalone correction or in conjunction with existing ring artifact removal algorithms to further improve image quality. We validate this method using two X-ray CT data sets, showing post-correction signal-to-noise increases of up to 55%, and we define an image quality metric to use specifically for the assessment of ring artifact suppression., Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures, and 1 ancillary file; questions and comments are welcome

Published
2018

41. Deterministic X-ray Bragg coherent diffraction imaging as a seed for subsequent iterative reconstruction

Author

Pavlov, Konstantin M., Morgan, Kaye S., Punegov, Vasily I., and Paganin, David M.

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing
Abstract

Coherent diffractive imaging (CDI), using both X-rays and electrons, has made extremely rapid progress over the past two decades. The associated reconstruction algorithms are typically iterative, and seeded with a crude first estimate. A deterministic method for Bragg Coherent Diffraction Imaging (Pavlov et al., Sci. Rep. 7, 1132 (2017)) is used as a more refined starting point for a shrink-wrap iterative reconstruction procedure. The appropriate comparison with the autocorrelation function as a starting point is performed. Real-space and Fourier-space error metrics are used to analyse the convergence of the reconstruction procedure for noisy and noise-free simulated data. Our results suggest that the use of deterministic-CDI reconstructions, as a seed for subsequent iterative-CDI refinement, may boost the speed and degree of convergence compared to the cruder seeds that are currently commonly used. We also highlight the utility of monitoring multiple error metrics in the context of iterative refinement., Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures

Published
2018

42. In situ phase contrast X-ray brain CT

Author

Croton, Linda C. P., Morgan, Kaye S., Paganin, David M., Kerr, Lauren T., Wallace, Megan J., Crossley, Kelly J., Miller, Suzanne L., Yagi, Naoto, Uesugi, Kentaro, Hooper, Stuart B., and Kitchen, Marcus J.

Subjects
Physics - Medical Physics
Abstract

Phase contrast X-ray imaging (PCXI) is an emerging imaging modality that has the potential to greatly improve radiography for medical imaging and materials analysis. PCXI makes it possible to visualise soft-tissue structures that are otherwise unresolved with conventional CT by rendering phase gradients in the X-ray wavefield visible. This can improve the contrast resolution of soft tissues structures, like the lungs and brain, by orders of magnitude. Phase retrieval suppresses noise, revealing weakly-attenuating soft tissue structures, however it does not remove the artefacts from the highly attenuating bone of the skull and from imperfections in the imaging system that can obscure those structures. The primary causes of these artefacts are investigated and a simple method to visualise the features they obstruct is proposed, which can easily be implemented for preclinical animal studies. We show that phase contrast X-ray CT (PCXI-CT) can resolve the soft tissues of the brain in situ without a need for contrast agents at a dose $\sim$400 times lower than would be required by standard absorption contrast CT. We generalise a well-known phase retrieval algorithm for multiple-material samples specifically for CT, validate its use for brain CT, and demonstrate its high stability in the presence of noise., Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures; questions and comments welcome

Published
2018
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43. The zwicky transient facility: Science objectives

Author

Graham, MJ, Kulkarni, SR, Bellm, EC, Adams, SM, Barbarino, C, Blagorodnova, N, Bodewits, D, Bolin, B, Brady, PR, Cenko, SB, Chang, CK, Coughlin, MW, Kishalay De, K, Eadie, G, Farnham, TL, Feindt, U, Franckowiak, A, Fremling, C, Gezari, S, Ghosh, S, Goldstein, DA, Golkhou, VZ, Goobar, A, Ho, AYQ, Huppenkothen, D, Ivezić, Ž, Jones, RL, Juric, M, Kaplan, DL, Kasliwal, MM, Kelley, MSP, Kupfer, T, Lee, CD, Lin, HW, Lunnan, R, Mahabal, AA, Miller, AA, Ngeow, CC, Nugent, P, Ofek, EO, Prince, TA, Rauch, L, Van Roestel, J, Schulze, S, Singer, LP, Sollerman, J, Taddia, F, Yan, L, Ye, QZ, Yu, PC, Barlow, T, Bauer, J, Beck, R, Belicki, J, Biswas, R, Brinnel, V, Brooke, T, Bue, B, Bulla, M, Burruss, R, Connolly, A, Cromer, J, Cunningham, V, Dekany, R, Delacroix, A, Desai, V, Duev, DA, Feeney, M, Flynn, D, Frederick, S, Gal-Yam, A, Giomi, M, Groom, S, Hacopians, E, Hale, D, Helou, G, Henning, J, Hover, D, Hillenbrand, LA, Howell, J, Hung, T, Imel, D, Ip, WH, Jackson, E, Kaspi, S, Kaye, S, Kowalski, M, Kramer, E, Kuhn, M, Landry, W, Laher, RR, Mao, P, Masci, FJ, Monkewitz, S, Murphy, P, Nordin, J, Patterson, MT, Penprase, B, Porter, M, and Rebbapragada, U

Subjects
(stars:) supernovae: general, surveys, (galaxies:) quasars: general, astro-ph.IM, astro-ph.HE, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astronomical and Space Sciences
Abstract

The Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF), a public–private enterprise, is a new time-domain survey employing a dedicated camera on the Palomar 48-inch Schmidt telescope with a 47 deg2 field of view and an 8 second readout time. It is well positioned in the development of time-domain astronomy, offering operations at 10% of the scale and style of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) with a single 1-m class survey telescope. The public surveys will cover the observable northern sky every three nights in g and r filters and the visible Galactic plane every night in g and r. Alerts generated by these surveys are sent in real time to brokers. A consortium of universities that provided funding (“partnership”) are undertaking several boutique surveys. The combination of these surveys producing one million alerts per night allows for exploration of transient and variable astrophysical phenomena brighter than r∼20.5 on timescales of minutes to years. We describe the primary science objectives driving ZTF, including the physics of supernovae and relativistic explosions, multi-messenger astrophysics, supernova cosmology, active galactic nuclei, and tidal disruption events, stellar variability, and solar system objects.

Published
2019

44. The zwicky transient facility: System overview, performance, and first results

Author

Bellm, EC, Kulkarni, SR, Graham, MJ, Dekany, R, Smith, RM, Riddle, R, Masci, FJ, Helou, G, Prince, TA, Adams, SM, Barbarino, C, Barlow, T, Bauer, J, Beck, R, Belicki, J, Biswas, R, Blagorodnova, N, Bodewits, D, Bolin, B, Brinnel, V, Brooke, T, Bue, B, Bulla, M, Burruss, R, Cenko, SB, Chang, CK, Connolly, A, Coughlin, M, Cromer, J, Cunningham, V, De, K, Delacroix, A, Desai, V, Duev, DA, Eadie, G, Farnham, TL, Feeney, M, Feindt, U, Flynn, D, Franckowiak, A, Frederick, S, Fremling, C, Gal-Yam, A, Gezari, S, Giomi, M, Goldstein, DA, Golkhou, VZ, Goobar, A, Groom, S, Hacopians, E, Hale, D, Henning, J, Ho, AYQ, Hover, D, Howell, J, Hung, T, Huppenkothen, D, Imel, D, Ip, WH, Ivezić, Ž, Jackson, E, Jones, L, Juric, M, Kasliwal, MM, Kaspi, S, Kaye, S, Kelley, MSP, Kowalski, M, Kramer, E, Kupfer, T, Landry, W, Laher, RR, Lee, CD, Lin, HW, Lin, ZY, Lunnan, R, Mahabal, A, Mao, P, Miller, AA, Monkewitz, S, Murphy, P, Ngeow, CC, Nordin, J, Nugent, P, Ofek, E, Patterson, MT, Penprase, B, Porter, M, Rauch, L, Rebbapragada, U, Reiley, D, Rigault, M, Rodriguez, H, van Roestel, J, Rusholme, B, van Santen, J, Schulze, S, Shupe, DL, and Singer, LP

Subjects
instrumentation: photometers, telescopes, astro-ph.IM, Astronomical And Space Sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astronomical and Space Sciences
Abstract

The Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) is a new optical time-domain survey that uses the Palomar 48 inch Schmidt telescope. A custom-built wide-field camera provides a 47 deg 2 field of view and 8 s readout time, yielding more than an order of magnitude improvement in survey speed relative to its predecessor survey, the Palomar Transient Factory. We describe the design and implementation of the camera and observing system. The ZTF data system at the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center provides near-real-time reduction to identify moving and varying objects. We outline the analysis pipelines, data products, and associated archive. Finally, we present on-sky performance analysis and first scientific results from commissioning and the early survey. ZTF’s public alert stream will serve as a useful precursor for that of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope.

Published
2019

45. Impact of diabetes on the management and outcomes in atrial fibrillation: an analysis from the ESC-EHRA EORP-AF Long-Term General Registry

Author

Boriani, G., Lip, G.Y.H., Tavazzi, L., Maggioni, A.P., Dan, G.-A., Potpara, T., Nabauer, M., Marin, F., Kalarus, Z., Goda, A., Mairesse, G., Shalganov, T., Antoniades, L., Taborsky, M., Riahi, S., Muda, P., García Bolao, I., Piot, O., Etsadashvili, K., Simantirakis, E., Haim, M., Azhari, A., Najafian, J., Santini, M., Mirrakhimov, E., Kulzida, K.A., Erglis, A., Poposka, L., Burg, M., Crijns, H., Erküner, Ö., Atar, D., Lenarczyk, R., Martins Oliveira, M., Shah, D., Serdechnaya, E., Diker, E., Lane, D., Zëra, E., Ekmekçiu, U., Paparisto, V., Tase, M., Gjergo, H., Dragoti, J., Ciutea, M., Ahadi, N., el Husseini, Z., Raepers, M., Leroy, J., Haushan, P., Jourdan, A., Lepiece, C., Desteghe, L., Vijgen, J., Koopman, P., Van Genechten, G., Heidbuchel, H., Boussy, T., De Coninck, M., Van Eeckhoutte, H., Bouckaert, N., Friart, A., Boreux, J., Arend, C., Evrard, P., Stefan, L., Hoffer, E., Herzet, J., Massoz, M., Celentano, C., Sprynger, M., Pierard, L., Melon, P., Van Hauwaert, B., Kuppens, C., Faes, D., Van Lier, D., Van Dorpe, A., Gerardy, A., Deceuninck, O., Xhaet, O., Dormal, F., Ballant, E., Blommaert, D., Yakova, D., Hristov, M., Yncheva, T., Stancheva, N., Tisheva, S., Tokmakova, M., Nikolov, F., Gencheva, D., Kunev, B., Stoyanov, M., Marchov, D., Gelev, V., Traykov, V., Kisheva, A., Tsvyatkov, H., Shtereva, R., Bakalska-Georgieva, S., Slavcheva, S., Yotov, Y., Kubíčková, M., Marni Joensen, A., Gammelmark, A., Hvilsted Rasmussen, L., Dinesen, P., Krogh Venø, S., Sorensen, B., Korsgaard, A., Andersen, K., Fragtrup Hellum, C., Svenningsen, A., Nyvad, O., Wiggers, P., May, O., Aarup, A., Graversen, B., Jensen, L., Andersen, M., Svejgaard, M., Vester, S., Hansen, S., Lynggaard, V., Ciudad, M., Vettus, R., Maestre, A., Castaño, S., Cheggour, S., Poulard, J., Mouquet, V., Leparrée, S., Bouet, J., Taieb, J., Doucy, A., Duquenne, H., Furber, A., Dupuis, J., Rautureau, J., Font, M., Damiano, P., Lacrimini, M., Abalea, J., Boismal, S., Menez, T., Mansourati, J., Range, G., Gorka, H., Laure, C., Vassalière, C., Elbaz, N., Lellouche, N., Djouadi, K., Roubille, F., Dietz, D., Davy, J., Granier, M., Winum, P., Leperchois-Jacquey, C., Kassim, H., Marijon, E., Le Heuzey, J., Fedida, J., Maupain, C., Himbert, C., Gandjbakhch, E., Hidden-Lucet, F., Duthoit, G., Badenco, N., Chastre, T., Waintraub, X., Oudihat, M., Lacoste, J., Stephan, C., Bader, H., Delarche, N., Giry, L., Arnaud, D., Lopez, C., Boury, F., Brunello, I., Lefèvre, M., Mingam, R., Haissaguerre, M., Le Bidan, M., Pavin, D., Le Moal, V., Leclercq, C., Beitar, T., Martel, I., Schmid, A., Sadki, N., Romeyer-Bouchard, C., Da Costa, A., Arnault, I., Boyer, M., Piat, C., Lozance, N., Nastevska, S., Doneva, A., Fortomaroska Milevska, B., Sheshoski, B., Petroska, K., Taneska, N., Bakrecheski, N., Lazarovska, K., Jovevska, S., Ristovski, V., Antovski, A., Lazarova, E., Kotlar, I., Taleski, J., Kedev, S., Zlatanovik, N., Jordanova, S., Bajraktarova Proseva, T., Doncovska, S., Maisuradze, D., Esakia, A., Sagirashvili, E., Lartsuliani, K., Natelashvili, N., Gumberidze, N., Gvenetadze, R., Gotonelia, N., Kuridze, N., Papiashvili, G., Menabde, I., Glöggler, S., Napp, A., Lebherz, C., Romero, H., Schmitz, K., Berger, M., Zink, M., Köster, S., Sachse, J., Vonderhagen, E., Soiron, G., Mischke, K., Reith, R., Schneider, M., Rieker, W., Boscher, D., Taschareck, A., Beer, A., Oster, D., Ritter, O., Adamczewski, J., Walter, S., Frommhold, A., Luckner, E., Richter, J., Schellner, M., Landgraf, S., Bartholome, S., Naumann, R., Schoeler, J., Westermeier, D., William, F., Wilhelm, K., Maerkl, M., Oekinghaus, R., Denart, M., Kriete, M., Tebbe, U., Scheibner, T., Gruber, M., Gerlach, A., Beckendorf, C., Anneken, L., Arnold, M., Lengerer, S., Bal, Z., Uecker, C., Förtsch, H., Fechner, S., Mages, V., Martens, E., Methe, H., Schmidt, T., Schaeffer, B., Hoffmann, B., Moser, J., Heitmann, K., Willems, S., Klaus, C., Lange, I., Durak, M., Esen, E., Mibach, F., Mibach, H., Utech, A., Gabelmann, M., Stumm, R., Ländle, V., Gartner, C., Goerg, C., Kaul, N., Messer, S., Burkhardt, D., Sander, C., Orthen, R., Kaes, S., Baumer, A., Dodos, F., Barth, A., Schaeffer, G., Gaertner, J., Winkler, J., Fahrig, A., Aring, J., Wenzel, I., Steiner, S., Kliesch, A., Kratz, E., Winter, K., Schneider, P., Haag, A., Mutscher, I., Bosch, R., Taggeselle, J., Meixner, S., Schnabel, A., Shamalla, A., Hötz, H., Korinth, A., Rheinert, C., Mehltretter, G., Schön, B., Schön, N., Starflinger, A., Englmann, E., Baytok, G., Laschinger, T., Ritscher, G., Gerth, A., Dechering, D., Eckardt, L., Kuhlmann, M., Proskynitopoulos, N., Brunn, J., Foth, K., Axthelm, C., Hohensee, H., Eberhard, K., Turbanisch, S., Hassler, N., Koestler, A., Stenzel, G., Kschiwan, D., Schwefer, M., Neiner, S., Hettwer, S., Haeussler-Schuchardt, M., Degenhardt, R., Sennhenn, S., Brendel, M., Stoehr, A., Widjaja, W., Loehndorf, S., Logemann, A., Hoskamp, J., Grundt, J., Block, M., Ulrych, R., Reithmeier, A., Panagopoulos, V., Martignani, C., Bernucci, D., Fantecchi, E., Diemberger, I., Ziacchi, M., Biffi, M., Cimaglia, P., Frisoni, J., Giannini, I., Boni, S., Fumagalli, S., Pupo, S., Di Chiara, A., Mirone, P., Pesce, F., Zoccali, C., Malavasi, V.L., Mussagaliyeva, A., Ahyt, B., Salihova, Z., Koshum-Bayeva, K., Kerimkulova, A., Bairamukova, A., Lurina, B., Zuzans, R., Jegere, S., Mintale, I., Kupics, K., Jubele, K., Kalejs, O., Vanhear, K., Cachia, M., Abela, E., Warwicker, S., Tabone, T., Xuereb, R., Asanovic, D., Drakalovic, D., Vukmirovic, M., Pavlovic, N., Music, L., Bulatovic, N., Boskovic, A., Uiterwaal, H., Bijsterveld, N., De Groot, J., Neefs, J., van den Berg, N., Piersma, F., Wilde, A., Hagens, V., Van Es, J., Van Opstal, J., Van Rennes, B., Verheij, H., Breukers, W., Tjeerdsma, G., Nijmeijer, R., Wegink, D., Binnema, R., Said, S., Philippens, S., van Doorn, W., Szili-Torok, T., Bhagwandien, R., Janse, P., Muskens, A., van Eck, M., Gevers, R., van der Ven, N., Duygun, A., Rahel, B., Meeder, J., Vold, A., Holst Hansen, C., Engset, I., Dyduch-Fejklowicz, B., Koba, E., Cichocka, M., Sokal, A., Kubicius, A., Pruchniewicz, E., Kowalik-Sztylc, A., Czapla, W., Mróz, I., Kozlowski, M., Pawlowski, T., Tendera, M., Winiarska-Filipek, A., Fidyk, A., Slowikowski, A., Haberka, M., Lachor-Broda, M., Biedron, M., Gasior, Z., Kołodziej, M., Janion, M., Gorczyca-Michta, I., Wozakowska-Kaplon, B., Stasiak, M., Jakubowski, P., Ciurus, T., Drozdz, J., Simiera, M., Zajac, P., Wcislo, T., Zycinski, P., Kasprzak, J., Olejnik, A., Harc-Dyl, E., Miarka, J., Pasieka, M., Ziemińska-Łuć, M., Bujak, W., Śliwiński, A., Grech, A., Morka, J., Petrykowska, K., Prasał, M., Hordyński, G., Feusette, P., Lipski, P., Wester, A., Streb, W., Romanek, J., Woźniak, P., Chlebuś, M., Szafarz, P., Stanik, W., Zakrzewski, M., Kaźmierczak, J., Przybylska, A., Skorek, E., Błaszczyk, H., Stępień, M., Szabowski, S., Krysiak, W., Szymańska, M., Karasiński, J., Blicharz, J., Skura, M., Hałas, K., Michalczyk, L., Orski, Z., Krzyżanowski, K., Skrobowski, A., Zieliński, L., Tomaszewska-Kiecana, M., Dłużniewski, M., Kiliszek, M., Peller, M., Budnik, M., Balsam, P., Opolski, G., Tymińska, A., Ozierański, K., Wancerz, A., Borowiec, A., Majos, E., Dabrowski, R., Szwed, H., Musialik-Lydka, A., Leopold-Jadczyk, A., Jedrzejczyk-Patej, E., Koziel, M., Mazurek, M., Krzemien-Wolska, K., Starosta, P., Nowalany-Kozielska, E., Orzechowska, A., Szpot, M., Staszel, M., Almeida, S., Pereira, H., Brandão Alves, L., Miranda, R., Ribeiro, L., Costa, F., Morgado, F., Carmo, P., Galvao Santos, P., Bernardo, R., Adragão, P., Ferreira da Silva, G., Peres, M., Alves, M., Leal, M., Cordeiro, A., Magalhães, P., Fontes, P., Leão, S., Delgado, A., Costa, A., Marmelo, B., Rodrigues, B., Moreira, D., Santos, J., Santos, L., Terchet, A., Darabantiu, D., Mercea, S., Turcin Halka, V., Pop Moldovan, A., Gabor, A., Doka, B., Catanescu, G., Rus, H., Oboroceanu, L., Bobescu, E., Popescu, R., Dan, A., Buzea, A., Daha, I., Dan, G., Neuhoff, I., Baluta, M., Ploesteanu, R., Dumitrache, N., Vintila, M., Daraban, A., Japie, C., Badila, E., Tewelde, H., Hostiuc, M., Frunza, S., Tintea, E., Bartos, D., Ciobanu, A., Popescu, I., Toma, N., Gherghinescu, C., Cretu, D., Patrascu, N., Stoicescu, C., Udroiu, C., Bicescu, G., Vintila, V., Vinereanu, D., Cinteza, M., Rimbas, R., Grecu, M., Cozma, A., Boros, F., Ille, M., Tica, O., Tor, R., Corina, A., Jeewooth, A., Maria, B., Georgiana, C., Natalia, C., Alin, D., Dinu-Andrei, D., Livia, M., Daniela, R., Larisa, R., Umaar, S., Tamara, T., Ioachim Popescu, M., Nistor, D., Sus, I., Coborosanu, O., Alina-Ramona, N., Dan, R., Petrescu, L., Ionescu, G., Vacarescu, C., Goanta, E., Mangea, M., Ionac, A., Mornos, C., Cozma, D., Pescariu, S., Solodovnicova, E., Soldatova, I., Shutova, J., Tjuleneva, L., Zubova, T., Uskov, V., Obukhov, D., Rusanova, G., Isakova, N., Odinsova, S., Arhipova, T., Kazakevich, E., Zavyalova, O., Novikova, T., Riabaia, I., Zhigalov, S., Drozdova, E., Luchkina, I., Monogarova, Y., Hegya, D., Rodionova, L., Nevzorova, V., Lusanova, O., Arandjelovic, A., Toncev, D., Vukmirovic, L., Radisavljevic, M., Milanov, M., Sekularac, N., Zdravkovic, M., Hinic, S., Dimkovic, S., Acimovic, T., Saric, J., Radovanovic, S., Kocijancic, A., Obrenovic-Kircanski, B., Kalimanovska Ostric, D., Simic, D., Jovanovic, I., Petrovic, I., Polovina, M., Vukicevic, M., Tomasevic, M., Mujovic, N., Radivojevic, N., Petrovic, O., Aleksandric, S., Kovacevic, V., Mijatovic, Z., Ivanovic, B., Tesic, M., Ristic, A., Vujisic-Tesic, B., Nedeljkovic, M., Karadzic, A., Uscumlic, A., Prodanovic, M., Zlatar, M., Asanin, M., Bisenic, B., Vasic, V., Popovic, Z., Djikic, D., Sipic, M., Peric, V., Dejanovic, B., Milosevic, N., Backovic, S., Stevanovic, A., Andric, A., Pencic, B., Pavlovic-Kleut, M., Celic, V., Pavlovic, M., Petrovic, M., Vuleta, M., Petrovic, N., Simovic, S., Savovic, Z., Milanov, S., Davidovic, G., Iric-Cupic, V., Djordjevic, D., Damjanovic, M., Zdravkovic, S., Topic, V., Stanojevic, D., Randjelovic, M., Jankovic-Tomasevic, R., Atanaskovic, V., Antic, S., Simonovic, D., Stojanovic, M., Stojanovic, S., Mitic, V., Ilic, V., Petrovic, D., Deljanin Ilic, M., Ilic, S., Stoickov, V., Markovic, S., Mijatovic, A., Tanasic, D., Radakovic, G., Peranovic, J., Panic-Jelic, N., Vujadinovic, O., Pajic, P., Bekic, S., Kovacevic, S., García Fernandez, A., Perez Cabeza, A., Anguita, M., Tercedor Sanchez, L., Mau, E., Loayssa, J., Ayarra, M., Carpintero, M., Roldán Rabadan, I., Gil Ortega, M., Tello Montoliu, A., Orenes Piñero, E., Manzano Fernández, S., Marín, F., Romero Aniorte, A., Veliz Martínez, A., Quintana Giner, M., Ballesteros, G., Palacio, M., Alcalde, O., García-Bolao, I., Bertomeu Gonzalez, V., Otero-Raviña, F., García Seara, J., Gonzalez Juanatey, J., Dayal, N., Maziarski, P., Gentil-Baron, P., Koç, M., Onrat, E., Dural, I.E., Yilmaz, K., Özin, B., Tan Kurklu, S., Atmaca, Y., Canpolat, U., Tokgozoglu, L., Dolu, A.K., Demirtas, B., Sahin, D., Ozcan Celebi, O., Gagirci, G., Turk, U.O., Ari, H., Polat, N., Toprak, N., Sucu, M., Akin Serdar, O., Taha Alper, A., Kepez, A., Yuksel, Y., Uzunselvi, A., Yuksel, S., Sahin, M., Kayapinar, O., Ozcan, T., Kaya, H., Yilmaz, M.B., Kutlu, M., Demir, M., Gibbs, C., Kaminskiene, S., Bryce, M., Skinner, A., Belcher, G., Hunt, J., Stancombe, L., Holbrook, B., Peters, C., Tettersell, S., Shantsila, A., Senoo, K., Proietti, M., Russell, K., Domingos, P., Hussain, S., Partridge, J., Haynes, R., Bahadur, S., Brown, R., McMahon, S., McDonald, J., Balachandran, K., Singh, R., Garg, S., Desai, H., Davies, K., Goddard, W., Galasko, G., Rahman, I., Chua, Y., Payne, O., Preston, S., Brennan, O., Pedley, L., Whiteside, C., Dickinson, C., Brown, J., Jones, K., Benham, L., Brady, R., Buchanan, L., Ashton, A., Crowther, H., Fairlamb, H., Thornthwaite, S., Relph, C., McSkeane, A., Poultney, U., Kelsall, N., Rice, P., Wilson, T., Wrigley, M., Kaba, R., Patel, T., Young, E., Law, J., Runnett, C., Thomas, H., McKie, H., Fuller, J., Pick, S., Sharp, A., Hunt, A., Thorpe, K., Hardman, C., Cusack, E., Adams, L., Hough, M., Keenan, S., Bowring, A., Watts, J., Zaman, J., Goffin, K., Nutt, H., Beerachee, Y., Featherstone, J., Mills, C., Pearson, J., Stephenson, L., Grant, S., Wilson, A., Hawksworth, C., Alam, I., Robinson, M., Ryan, S., Egdell, R., Gibson, E., Holland, M., Leonard, D., Mishra, B., Ahmad, S., Randall, H., Hill, J., Reid, L., George, M., McKinley, S., Brockway, L., Milligan, W., Sobolewska, J., Muir, J., Tuckis, L., Winstanley, L., Jacob, P., Kaye, S., Morby, L., Jan, A., Sewell, T., Boos, C., Wadams, B., Cope, C., Jefferey, P., Andrews, N., Getty, A., Suttling, A., Turner, C., Hudson, K., Austin, R., Howe, S., Iqbal, R., Gandhi, N., Brophy, K., Mirza, P., Willard, E., Collins, S., Ndlovu, N., Subkovas, E., Karthikeyan, V., Waggett, L., Wood, A., Bolger, A., Stockport, J., Evans, L., Harman, E., Starling, J., Williams, L., Saul, V., Sinha, M., Bell, L., Tudgay, S., Kemp, S., Frost, L., Ingram, T., Loughlin, A., Adams, C., Adams, M., Hurford, F., Owen, C., Miller, C., Donaldson, D., Tivenan, H., Button, H., Nasser, A., Jhagra, O., Stidolph, B., Brown, C., Livingstone, C., Duffy, M., Madgwick, P., Roberts, P., Greenwood, E., Fletcher, L., Beveridge, M., Earles, S., McKenzie, D., Beacock, D., Dayer, M., Seddon, M., Greenwell, D., Luxton, F., Venn, F., Mills, H., Rewbury, J., James, K., Roberts, K., Tonks, L., Felmeden, D., Taggu, W., Summerhayes, A., Hughes, D., Sutton, J., Felmeden, L., Khan, M., Walker, E., Norris, L., O'Donohoe, L., Mozid, A., Dymond, H., Lloyd-Jones, H., Saunders, G., Simmons, D., Coles, D., Cotterill, D., Beech, S., Kidd, S., Wrigley, B., Petkar, S., Smallwood, A., Jones, R., Radford, E., Milgate, S., Metherell, S., Cottam, V., Buckley, C., Broadley, A., Wood, D., Allison, J., Rennie, K., Balian, L., Howard, L., Pippard, L., Board, S., Pitt-Kerby, T., Ding, Wern Yew, Kotalczyk, Agnieszka, Boriani, Giuseppe, Marin, Francisco, Blomström-Lundqvist, Carina, Potpara, Tatjana S., Fauchier, Laurent, and Lip, Gregory.Y.H.

Published
2022
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47. Cardiac troponins and adverse outcomes in European patients with atrial fibrillation: A report from the ESC-EHRA EORP atrial fibrillation general long-term registry

Author

Boriani, G., Lip, G.Y.H., Tavazzi, L., Maggioni, A.P., Dan, G-A., Potpara, T., Nabauer, M., Marin, F., Kalarus, Z., Fauchier, L., Goda, A., Mairesse, G., Shalganov, T., Antoniades, L., Taborsky, M., Riahi, S., Muda, P., García Bolao, I., Piot, O., Etsadashvili, K., Haim, M., Azhari, A., Najafian, J., Santini, M., Mirrakhimov, E., Kulzida, K., Erglis, A., Poposka, L., Burg, M.R., Crijns, H., Erküner, Ö., Atar, D., Lenarczyk, R., Martins Oliveira, M., Shah, D., Serdechnaya, E., Diker, E., Zëra, E., Ekmekçiu, U., Paparisto, V., Tase, M., Gjergo, H., Dragoti, J., Ciutea, M., Ahadi, N., el Husseini, Z., Raepers, M., Leroy, J., Haushan, P., Jourdan, A., Lepiece, C., Desteghe, L., Vijgen, J., Koopman, P., Van Genechten, G., Heidbuchel, H., Boussy, T., De Coninck, M., Van Eeckhoutte, H., Bouckaert, N., Friart, A., Boreux, J., Arend, C., Evrard, P., Stefan, L., Hoffer, E., Herzet, J., Massoz, M., Celentano, C., Sprynger, M., Pierard, L., Melon, P., Van Hauwaert, B., Kuppens, C., Faes, D., Van Lier, D., Van Dorpe, A., Gerardy, A., Deceuninck, O., Xhaet, O., Dormal, F., Ballant, E., Blommaert, D., Yakova, D., Hristov, M., Yncheva, T., Stancheva, N., Tisheva, S., Tokmakova, M., Nikolov, F., Gencheva, D., Kunev, B., Stoyanov, M., Marchov, D., Gelev, V., Traykov, V., Kisheva, A., Tsvyatkov, H., Shtereva, R., Bakalska-Georgieva, S., Slavcheva, S., Yotov, Y., Kubíčková, M., Marni Joensen, A., Gammelmark, A., Hvilsted Rasmussen, L., Dinesen, P., Krogh Venø, S., Sorensen, B., Korsgaard, A., Andersen, K., Fragtrup Hellum, C., Svenningsen, A., Nyvad, O., Wiggers, P., May, O., Aarup, A., Graversen, B., Jensen, L., Andersen, M., Svejgaard, M., Vester, S., Hansen, S., Lynggaard, V., Ciudad, M., Vettus, R., Maestre, A., Castaño, S., Cheggour, S., Poulard, J., Mouquet, V., Leparrée, S., Bouet, J., Taieb, J., Doucy, A., Duquenne, H., Furber, A., Dupuis, J., Rautureau, J., Font, M., Damiano, P., Lacrimini, M., Abalea, J., Boismal, S., Menez, T., Mansourati, J., Range, G., Gorka, H., Laure, 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Fantecchi, E., Diemberger, I., Ziacchi, M., Biffi, M., Cimaglia, P., Frisoni, J., Giannini, I., Boni, S., Fumagalli, S., Pupo, S., Di Chiara, A., Mirone, P., Pesce, F., Zoccali, C., Malavasi, V.L., Mussagaliyeva, A., Ahyt, B., Salihova, Z., Koshum-Bayeva, K., Kerimkulova, A., Bairamukova, A., Lurina, B., Zuzans, R., Jegere, S., Mintale, I., Kupics, K., Jubele, K., Kalejs, O., Vanhear, K., Burg, M., Cachia, M., Abela, E., Warwicker, S., Tabone, T., Xuereb, R., Asanovic, D., Drakalovic, D., Vukmirovic, M., Pavlovic, N., Music, L., Bulatovic, N., Boskovic, A., Uiterwaal, H., Bijsterveld, N., De Groot, J., Neefs, J., van den Berg, N., Piersma, F., Wilde, A., Hagens, V., Van Es, J., Van Opstal, J., Van Rennes, B., Verheij, H., Breukers, W., Tjeerdsma, G., Nijmeijer, R., Wegink, D., Binnema, R., Said, S., Philippens, S., van Doorn, W., Szili-Torok, T., Bhagwandien, R., Janse, P., Muskens, A., van Eck, M., Gevers, R., van der Ven, N., Duygun, A., Rahel, B., Meeder, J., Vold, A., Holst Hansen, C., Engset, I., Dyduch-Fejklowicz, B., Koba, E., Cichocka, M., Sokal, A., Kubicius, A., Pruchniewicz, E., Kowalik-Sztylc, A., Czapla, W., Mróz, I., Kozlowski, M., Pawlowski, T., Tendera, M., Winiarska-Filipek, A., Fidyk, A., Slowikowski, A., Haberka, M., Lachor-Broda, M., Biedron, M., Gasior, Z., Kołodziej, M., Janion, M., Gorczyca-Michta, I., Wozakowska-Kaplon, B., Stasiak, M., Jakubowski, P., Ciurus, T., Drozdz, J., Simiera, M., Zajac, P., Wcislo, T., Zycinski, P., Kasprzak, J., Olejnik, A., Harc-Dyl, E., Miarka, J., Pasieka, M., Ziemińska-Łuć, M., Bujak, W., Śliwiński, A., Grech, A., Morka, J., Petrykowska, K., Prasał, M., Hordyński, G., Feusette, P., Lipski, P., Wester, A., Streb, W., Romanek, J., Woźniak, P., Chlebuś, M., Szafarz, P., Stanik, W., Zakrzewski, M., Kaźmierczak, J., Przybylska, A., Skorek, E., Błaszczyk, H., Stępień, M., Szabowski, S., Krysiak, W., Szymańska, M., Karasiński, J., Blicharz, J., Skura, M., Hałas, K., Michalczyk, L., Orski, Z., Krzyżanowski, K., Skrobowski, A., Zieliński, L., Tomaszewska-Kiecana, M., Dłużniewski, M., Kiliszek, M., Peller, M., Budnik, M., Balsam, P., Opolski, G., Tymińska, A., Ozierański, K., Wancerz, A., Borowiec, A., Majos, E., Dabrowski, R., Szwed, H., Musialik-Lydka, A., Leopold-Jadczyk, A., Jedrzejczyk-Patej, E., Koziel, M., Mazurek, M., Krzemien-Wolska, K., Starosta, P., Nowalany-Kozielska, E., Orzechowska, A., Szpot, M., Staszel, M., Almeida, S., Pereira, H., Brandão Alves, L., Miranda, R., Ribeiro, L., Costa, F., Morgado, F., Carmo, P., Galvao Santos, P., Bernardo, R., Adragão, P., Ferreira da Silva, G., Peres, M., Alves, M., Leal, M., Cordeiro, A., Magalhães, P., Fontes, P., Leão, S., Delgado, A., Costa, A., Marmelo, B., Rodrigues, B., Moreira, D., Santos, J., Santos, L., Terchet, A., Darabantiu, D., Mercea, S., Turcin Halka, V., Pop Moldovan, A., Gabor, A., Doka, B., Catanescu, G., Rus, H., Oboroceanu, L., Bobescu, E., Popescu, R., Dan, A., Buzea, A., Daha, I., Dan, G., Neuhoff, I., Baluta, M., Ploesteanu, R., Dumitrache, N., Vintila, M., Daraban, A., Japie, C., Badila, E., Tewelde, H., Hostiuc, M., Frunza, S., Tintea, E., Bartos, D., Ciobanu, A., Popescu, I., Toma, N., Gherghinescu, C., Cretu, D., Patrascu, N., Stoicescu, C., Udroiu, C., Bicescu, G., Vintila, V., Vinereanu, D., Cinteza, M., Rimbas, R., Grecu, M., Cozma, A., Boros, F., Ille, M., Tica, O., Tor, R., Corina, A., Jeewooth, A., Maria, B., Georgiana, C., Natalia, C., Alin, D., Dinu-Andrei, D., Livia, M., Daniela, R., Larisa, R., Umaar, S., Tamara, T., Ioachim Popescu, M., Nistor, D., Sus, I., Coborosanu, O., Alina-Ramona, N., Dan, R., Petrescu, L., Ionescu, G., Vacarescu, C., Goanta, E., Mangea, M., Ionac, A., Mornos, C., Cozma, D., Pescariu, S., Solodovnicova, E., Soldatova, I., Shutova, J., Tjuleneva, L., Zubova, T., Uskov, V., Obukhov, D., Rusanova, G., Isakova, N., Odinsova, S., Arhipova, T., Kazakevich, E., Zavyalova, O., Novikova, T., Riabaia, I., Zhigalov, S., Drozdova, E., Luchkina, I., Monogarova, Y., 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Randjelovic, M., Jankovic-Tomasevic, R., Atanaskovic, V., Antic, S., Simonovic, D., Stojanovic, M., Stojanovic, S., Mitic, V., Ilic, V., Petrovic, D., Deljanin Ilic, M., Ilic, S., Stoickov, V., Markovic, S., Mijatovic, A., Tanasic, D., Radakovic, G., Peranovic, J., Panic-Jelic, N., Vujadinovic, O., Pajic, P., Bekic, S., Kovacevic, S., García Fernandez, A., Perez Cabeza, A., Anguita, M., Tercedor Sanchez, L., Mau, E., Loayssa, J., Ayarra, M., Carpintero, M., Roldán Rabadan, I., Gil Ortega, M., Tello Montoliu, A., Orenes Piñero, E., Manzano Fernández, S., Marín, F., Romero Aniorte, A., Veliz Martínez, A., Quintana Giner, M., Ballesteros, G., Palacio, M., Alcalde, O., García-Bolao, I., Bertomeu Gonzalez, V., Otero-Raviña, F., García Seara, J., Gonzalez Juanatey, J., Dayal, N., Maziarski, P., Gentil-Baron, P., Koç, M., Onrat, E., Dural, I.E., Yilmaz, K., Özin, B., Tan Kurklu, S., Atmaca, Y., Canpolat, U., Tokgozoglu, L., Dolu, A.K., Demirtas, B., Sahin, D., Ozcan Celebi, O., Gagirci, G., Turk, U.O., Ari, H., Polat, N., Toprak, N., Sucu, M., Akin Serdar, O., Taha Alper, A., Kepez, A., Yuksel, Y., Uzunselvi, A., Yuksel, S., Sahin, M., Kayapinar, O., Ozcan, T., Kaya, H., Yilmaz, M.B., Kutlu, M., Demir, M., Gibbs, C., Kaminskiene, S., Bryce, M., Skinner, A., Belcher, G., Hunt, J., Stancombe, L., Holbrook, B., Peters, C., Tettersell, S., Shantsila, A., Lane, D., Senoo, K., Proietti, M., Russell, K., Domingos, P., Hussain, S., Partridge, J., Haynes, R., Bahadur, S., Brown, R., McMahon, S., McDonald, J., Balachandran, K., Singh, R., Garg, S., Desai, H., Davies, K., Goddard, W., Galasko, G., Rahman, I., Chua, Y., Payne, O., Preston, S., Brennan, O., Pedley, L., Whiteside, C., Dickinson, C., Brown, J., Jones, K., Benham, L., Brady, R., Buchanan, L., Ashton, A., Crowther, H., Fairlamb, H., Thornthwaite, S., Relph, C., McSkeane, A., Poultney, U., Kelsall, N., Rice, P., Wilson, T., Wrigley, M., Kaba, R., Patel, T., Young, E., Law, J., Runnett, C., Thomas, H., McKie, H., Fuller, J., Pick, S., Sharp, A., Hunt, A., Thorpe, K., Hardman, C., Cusack, E., Adams, L., Hough, M., Keenan, S., Bowring, A., Watts, J., Zaman, J., Goffin, K., Nutt, H., Beerachee, Y., Featherstone, J., Mills, C., Pearson, J., Stephenson, L., Grant, S., Wilson, A., Hawksworth, C., Alam, I., Robinson, M., Ryan, S., Egdell, R., Gibson, E., Holland, M., Leonard, D., Mishra, B., Ahmad, S., Randall, H., Hill, J., Reid, L., George, M., McKinley, S., Brockway, L., Milligan, W., Sobolewska, J., Muir, J., Tuckis, L., Winstanley, L., Jacob, P., Kaye, S., Morby, L., Jan, A., Sewell, T., Boos, C., Wadams, B., Cope, C., Jefferey, P., Andrews, N., Getty, A., Suttling, A., Turner, C., Hudson, K., Austin, R., Howe, S., Iqbal, R., Gandhi, N., Brophy, K., Mirza, P., Willard, E., Collins, S., Ndlovu, N., Subkovas, E., Karthikeyan, V., Waggett, L., Wood, A., Bolger, A., Stockport, J., Evans, L., Harman, E., Starling, J., Williams, L., Saul, V., Sinha, M., Bell, L., Tudgay, S., Kemp, S., Frost, L., Ingram, T., Loughlin, A., Adams, C., Adams, M., Hurford, F., Owen, C., Miller, C., Donaldson, D., Tivenan, H., Button, H., Nasser, A., Jhagra, O., Stidolph, B., Brown, C., Livingstone, C., Duffy, M., Madgwick, P., Roberts, P., Greenwood, E., Fletcher, L., Beveridge, M., Earles, S., McKenzie, D., Beacock, D., Dayer, M., Seddon, M., Greenwell, D., Luxton, F., Venn, F., Mills, H., Rewbury, J., James, K., Roberts, K., Tonks, L., Felmeden, D., Taggu, W., Summerhayes, A., Hughes, D., Sutton, J., Felmeden, L., Khan, M., Walker, E., Norris, L., O'Donohoe, L., Mozid, A., Dymond, H., Lloyd-Jones, H., Saunders, G., Simmons, D., Coles, D., Cotterill, D., Beech, S., Kidd, S., Wrigley, B., Petkar, S., Smallwood, A., Jones, R., Radford, E., Milgate, S., Metherell, S., Cottam, V., Buckley, C., Broadley, A., Wood, D., Allison, J., Rennie, K., Balian, L., Howard, L., Pippard, L., Board, S., Pitt-Kerby, T., Vitolo, Marco, Malavasi, Vincenzo L., Proietti, Marco, Diemberger, Igor, Fauchier, Laurent, Marin, Francisco, Nabauer, Michael, Potpara, Tatjana S., Dan, Gheorghe-Andrei, Kalarus, Zbigniew, Tavazzi, Luigi, Maggioni, Aldo Pietro, Lane, Deirdre A., Lip, Gregory Y.H., and Boriani, Giuseppe

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2022
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