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Süleyman Demir,1 Abdullah Atli,1 Mahmut Bulut,1 Aslihan Okan İbiloğlu,1 Mehmet Güneş,1 Mehmet Cemal Kaya,1 Özlem Demirpençe,2 Aytekin Sir1 1Department of Psychiatry, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, 2Department of Biochemistry, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey Abstract: Studies attempting to clarify the relationship between major depressive disorder (MDD) and the immune system have been increasing in recent years. It was reported that increased production of the main proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and that of acute phase reactants may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of depression. Stress and depression were reported to increase leukocyte and neutrophil counts and to decrease lymphocyte count. Biological determinants affecting the diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of depression are quite limited. Therefore, new etiological models are needed to explain the pathophysiology of depression. In recent years, neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was determined to be a good indicator of inflammatory status. There is no study in the literature investigating NLR in MDD. This study aims to examine the role of inflammation in the etiology of depression based on the NLR in MDD patients who are undergoing no pharmacological therapy. A total of 41 patients diagnosed with MDD, who received no antidepressant therapy within the past 1 month, were included in the study, which took place between January and March 2015. The control group consisted of 47 healthy subjects with no psychiatric disorders. A sociodemographic information form and a Beck Depression Scale were administered, and the blood was taken for biochemical analysis. Significant differences were identified in the NLR, neutrophil count, lymphocyte percentage, and leukocyte values of the patient group when compared with the control group (P

Objective: In this cross-sectional study we aimed to determine the metabolic syndrome (MetS) prevalence in schizophrenia patients followed up in our Psychotic Disorders Unit, and to evaluate the relationship between MetS and medication of the patients. Method: High density lipoprotein (HDL), fasting glucose, triglyceride levels, arterial blood pressure and waist circumference at the level of the umbilicus of the patients included in the study were measured in 87 schizophrenia patients. Results: According to Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III), ATP III A and International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria; metabolic syndrome prevalence was 29.9%, 35.6% and 42.5% respectively. 27.6% of patients had two criteria of MetS but did not meet MetS diagnosis. There was no association between MetS and age, age of onset of illness and duration of illness. Men had higher MetS prevalence according to all diagnostic criteria, however there was a statistical significance only for IDF. There was no difference of MetS prevalence between monotherapy and combined antipsychotic medications. The metabolic syndrome prevalence was significantly lower in biperiden users than in the nonuser patients Discussion: Although the prevalence of MetS is lower than in some previous studies, it is generally similar to other schizophrenia researches. MetS must be carefully considered in schizophrenia patients' follow up and treatment choices, and some risk decreasing interventions must be made when necessary in the early period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The calibration industry is renowned for its diverse and sophisticated equipment and complex processes, which necessitate innovative solutions to keep pace with rapidly advancing technology. This paper introduces an enhancement to an existing microservice-based cloud architecture, aimed at effectively managing the inherent complexity within this field. The enhanced architecture seamlessly integrates various equipment types and communication technologies, aligning diverse stakeholder expectations into a unified system that ensures efficient and accurate calibration processes. It highlights the integration of microservices to facilitate various methods of uncertainty calculation and the generation of digital calibration certificates (DCCs). A case study on RF power measurement illustrates the practical application and benefits of the enhanced architecture. Although initially focused on RF power measurement, the flexible architecture allows for future expansions to accommodate new standards and measurement techniques. The enhanced system offers a comprehensive approach to managing data flow from calibration equipment to the final generation of DCCs, utilizing cloud-based services for efficient data processing. As a future direction, this extension sets the groundwork for broader applicability across multiple measurement types, ensuring readiness for upcoming advancements in metrology.

Many industries, such as manufacturing, aviation, and power generation, employ sensitive measurement devices to be calibrated by certified experts. The diversity and sophistication of measurement devices and their calibration needs require networked and automated solutions. Internet of Measurement Things (IoMT) is an architectural framework that is based on the Industrial Internet of Things for the calibration industry. This architecture involves a layered model with a cloud-centric middle layer. In this article, the realization of this conceptual architecture is described. The applicability of the IoMT architecture in the calibration industry is shown through an editor application for Scope of Accreditation. The cloud side of the implementation is deployed to Microsoft Azure. The editor itself is created as a cloud service, and IoT Hub is used to collect data from calibration laboratories. By adapting the IoMT architecture to a commonly used cloud platform, considerable progress is achieved to encompass Metrology data and serve the majority of the stakeholders.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess efficacy and safety of paliperidone palmitate (PP) in schizophrenic patients using real-life data., Methods: This national, multicenter, retrospective, and mirror-image study was performed reviewing the medical records of patients in 18 centers. Adult schizophrenic patients receiving PP treatment (n = 205) were enrolled. Patients' data covering the last 12 months before the initial PP injection and the period until the end of study with at least 12 months after the initial PP injection were evaluated. Patients' characteristics, scale scores, and adverse events were recorded., Results: Nonadherence to prior medication was the most frequent reason for switching to PP treatment. Comparing with the period before PP treatment, the rate of patients visiting the hospital for relapse (79.5% vs 28.9%, P < 0.001) and the median number of hospitalizations (2 vs 0, P < 0.001) were lower during PP treatment. During PP treatment, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale score decreased by 20% or more (response to treatment) in 75.7% of the patients. The frequency of adverse events did not differ between the period before and during PP treatment. Improvement in functionality was higher in those with disease duration of 5 years or less., Conclusions: Paliperidone palmitate is effective and safe in treatment of schizophrenic patients and in switching to PP treatment in patients with schizophrenia, which reduced the percentage of patients admitted to the hospital for relapse and the median number hospitalization, and has positive effects on functionality.

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the presence of ADHD and other psychiatric disorders among parents with at least one child with ADHD relative to parents with children who do not have ADHD., Method: Eighty five parents of children with ADHD with 68 control parents who had healthy children without ADHD were interviewed for participation in present study. Each parent was evaluated for co-existing psychiatric disorders using the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM IV Axis I Disorders (SCID I)., Results: We found that ADHD and co-morbid psychiatric symptoms were increased in the parents of children with ADHD in comparison with the healthy control group., Conclusion: Psychiatric co-morbidity was more common among the parents of patients with inattentive and combined presentations. Adult ADHD is associated with psychiatric co-morbidities including anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and somatoform disorders as well as substantial role impairment.

Mania is accompanied with immune activation as indicated by increased pro-inflammatory cytokines, acute phase proteins; and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is known to accompany signs of immune-inflammatory responses in bipolar disorder (BD) and medical disorders. In this study, it was aimed to compare high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), CEA levels and white blood cells (WBCs) counts in the treatment-resistant BD (Group 3), the treatment-responsive BD patients (Group 2), and the healthy control group (Group 1). The sociodemographic data form, the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), and the Clinical Global Impression Severity of Illness (CGI-S) Scale were applied to the patients. In Group 3, the WBCs counts, and CEA levels were significantly higher than the other two groups. There was a positive correlation between WBCs counts and YMRS and CGI-S scores in all manic patients. There was a positive correlation between CEA levels and YMRS, HDRS and CGI-S in manic patients. This study shows that there is an activation of the immune-inflammatory response system in treatment resistant manic patients; and, WBCs counts and CEA levels are associated with severity of disease in manic patients., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Various immunologic and inflammatory factors are contributed to pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is a protein that plays certain roles in inflammation, DNA repair, transcription, somatic recombination, cell differentiation, cell migration, neuronal development, and neurodegeneration. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the serum levels of HMGB1 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) among patients with Parkinson's disease and healthy controls. This study includes 30 patients with PD and 30 healthy controls, matched sex, age, body mass index, and smoking status. HMGB1 and hs-CRP serum levels were compared between the groups. The diagnostic performance of HMGB1 and hs-CRP was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. HMGB1 levels were significantly higher in PD patients than in controls. Hs-CRP levels were significantly higher in PD patients than in controls There was a moderate correlation between hs-CRP and HMGB1 levels in the patient group. The cut-off value of HMGB1 level for the prediction of PD was determined as 32.8 ng/mL with 80% sensitivity and 60% specificity (p = 0.006). The cut-off value of hs-CRP level for the prediction of PD was determined as 0.63 mg/L with 66.7% sensitivity and 77.7% specificity (p = 0.007). This study demonstrates for the first time the association between HMGB1, hs-CRP, and PD. We found that HMGB1 and hs-CRP levels to be significantly higher in the PD patients than in the normal controls. As a result of the ROC curve analysis, HMGB1 and hs-CRP levels may be fair markers in the diagnosis of PD.

The aims of this study were to determine both the rate of possible PTSD in individuals who were exposed to a suicide attack in Ankara, Turkey, and the factors that relate to the elevated risk for PTSD in individuals who survived that suicide attack. The researchers carried out the study with 93 participants who had attended a meeting held in Ankara on October 10, 2015. Participants completed a sociodemographic information form, the Traumatic Stress Symptom Checklist (TSSC), the Post-Traumatic Cognitions Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Influence of Perceived Societal Attitudes Questionnaire (IPSAQ). Twenty-three of participants were determined to have possible PTSD (24.7%). Participants who were exposed previously to a suicide attack, who witnessed a life-threatening injury, who had the need for psychological help, and who had suicidal thoughts had significantly higher rates of possible PTSD. The IPSAQ, BDI, and TSSC scores were significantly higher in the participants with possible PTSD. The IPSAQ score was found to be related to the development of possible PTSD. This study demonstrated that in participants who had been exposed to a terrorist attack, the negative impact of perceived societal attitudes toward the victims was related to the possible development of PTSD., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objective: Human serum paraoxonase (PON1) prevents lipids from peroxidation and functions as an antioxidant mechanism. Malonyldialdehyde (MDA) is the final product of lipid peroxidation and can be used as an indicator of oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate PON1, MDA, and arylesterase (ARY) levels in schizophrenic patients who are taking typical, atypical, or combined (typical and atypical) antipsychotic drug treatment, with respect to those of healthy controls., Methods: We evaluated 41 patients (11 taking typical antipsychotics, 19 taking atypical antipsychotics, 11 taking combined antipsychotics) and 43 healthy controls., Results: MDA levels were higher in schizophrenic patients taking typical antipsychotics compared with healthy controls ( p =0.001). ARY levels were higher in patients taking atypical antipsychotics compared with healthy controls ( p =0.005). PON1 activity was similar in all groups., Conclusion: Our results indicate that treatment with typical antipsychotic drugs could be related to increased MDA levels; and antipsychotic medication may increase PON1 levels in schizophrenic patients.

Objective: Many neurochemical systems have been implicated in the development of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The prolidase enzyme is a cytosolic exopeptidase that detaches proline or hydroxyproline from the carboxyl terminal position of dipeptides. Prolidase has important biological effects, and to date, its role in the etiology of PTSD has not been studied. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate prolidase activity in patients with PTSD., Methods: The study group consisted of patients who were diagnosed with PTSD after the earthquake that occurred in the province of Van in Turkey in 2011 (n=25); the first control group consisted of patients who experienced the earthquake but did not show PTSD symptoms (n=26) and the second control group consisted of patients who have never been exposed to a traumatic event (n=25). Prolidase activities in the patients and the control groups were determined by the ELISA method using commercial kits., Results: Prolidase activity in the patient group was significantly lower when compared to the control groups. Prolidase activity was also significantly lower in the traumatized healthy subjects compared to the other healthy group (p<0.01)., Conclusion: The findings of the present study suggest that the decrease in prolidase activity may have neuroprotective effects in patients with PTSD.

Skin picking (excoriation) disorder is the recurrent excoriation of one's own skin, resulting in noticeable skin damage. People pick their skin for different reasons. For the majority of patients, first skin picking is associated with a history of childhood abuse and personal problems. Subjects who moderately to severely cause injurious self-harm are more likely to have a history of exposure to domestic violence and childhood abuse than those who do not self-harm. At the same time, these conditions could be related to the etiology for majority of other psychiatric disorders. We report herein, a case of a patient with skin picking disorder who had a history of childhood physical and emotional abuse with borderline personality disorder., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: No conflict of interest was declared by the authors.

In the present study, we aimed to determine the differences in body image along with anxiety and depression levels, and also to evaluate their impact on disability parameters in patients with hepatitis B.Our study comprised 77 patients with hepatitis B (n = 41, chronic active patients; n = 36, patients with inactive hepatitis B) and 53 healthy individuals (control group). Enrolled patients responded to several questionnaires, including a sociodemographic form, Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Somatosensory Amplification Scale.Patients with chronic active hepatitis B (CAHB) had higher levels of somatosensory perception than patients with inactive hepatitis B (IHB) and control group (P < 0.001, P = 0.001, respectively). Patients with CAHB had high scores on all the 3 domains of SDS (work/school, P < 0.001; social life, P < 0.001; and family life, P < 0.001). Also, patients with CAHB had a significantly higher HADS total score, HADS anxiety score, and HADS depression score than control group (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively). No significant difference was noted between patients with CAHB and patients with IHB with regard to HADS depression score; however, HADS anxiety and HADS total scores were significantly higher in the CAHB group (NS, P = 0.027, P = 0.035, respectively). Moreover, the IHB group exhibited higher scores for the work/school and social life domains of SDS than those of the control group (P = 0.008, P = 0.047).Although patients with CAHB may present with somatosensory amplification, anxiety, and depression, patients with IHB do not exhibit such symptoms. However, functionality is affected in both carrier and active patient groups. We believe that routine health checks of patients with hepatitis B should include psychiatric evaluation, psychiatric examination, and follow-up.

We investigated whether prolidase activity has a diagnostic test value in schizophrenia and assessed the relation between prolidase activity and sociodemographic-clinical characteristics of patients with schizophrenia. Fifty patients with schizophrenia (diagnosed as schizophrenia according to DSM-V criteria) and 50 healthy volunteers were included in this study. Case and control groups had a similar distribution in age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and smoking status. Serum prolidase activity was measured in both groups and was determined to be significantly higher in the patient group (509.706±41.918) compared to the control group (335.4±13.6; t=6.231; p=0.0001). A cut-off point of 392.65U/L prolidase was determined for diagnostic measures from the plotted ROC curve. The area under the ROC curve was 1.000, which was significant (p<0.0001). Higher values were assigned as the disease state. Both positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were 100% at the cut-off point of 392.650U/L. The prolidase levels of the control group were all below the cut-off point. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups with regard to age, gender, or BMI (p>0.05), and no correlation was found between mean prolidase activity and age of onset of the disease, family history, disease duration, number of hospitalizations, subtypes of schizophrenia, PANSS scores or sub-scores, CGI-S scores, S-A scale scores, and the antipsychotic treatment (p>0.05). The results of this study indicate that serum prolidase activity may be a useful diagnostic test for schizophrenia; however, further studies are needed to verify this., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objective: Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is an oncofetal glycoprotein that is widely used as a tumour marker in adenocarcinomas. However, several non-neoplastic conditions, including acute and chronic inflammation and other inflammation-related conditions, are characterised by increased CEA concentrations. Bipolar disorder (BD) ranks seventh among the worldwide burden of non-fatal diseases. Inflammatory biomarkers have been considered as one of the main key pillars of a multifactorial approach for prediction of BD in an at-risk population. BP is accompanied by activation of inflammatory, cell-mediated and negative immunoregulatory cytokines., Methods: We measured the levels of CEA in serum samples from 44 individuals with euthymic BP out-patients and 45 healthy controls. Patients were diagnosed according to the DSM-IV criteria. CEA was measured by an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay., Results: The mean serum CEA concentration was 2.36±1.52 and 1.77±0.98 µg/l in patients and controls, respectively. CEA levels were significantly increased in euthymic BP patients when compared with controls (p=0.031)., Conclusions: This study suggests that CEA is increased in BD and supports a role for immune activation in the core pathological mechanisms of BP. CEA levels may be a secondary marker for diagnosing BP.

Objective: Oxidative stress has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although there are some studies on oxidative stress and PTSD, there is no report available on the serum total oxidant and antioxidant status in earthquake survivors with PTSD. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the serum total oxidant and antioxidant status in earthquake survivors with chronic PTSD., Material and Methods: The study group included 45 earthquake survivors with PTSD and 40 earthquake survivors without PTSD. The oxidative status was determined using the total antioxidant status and total oxidant status (TOS) measurements and by calculating the oxidative stress index (OSI)., Results: There were no statistically significant differences in the total antioxidant status, TOS, or OSI when comparing individuals with and without PTSD (all, p>0.05). There were no correlations between Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale scores and oxidant and antioxidant stress markers (all, p>0.05)., Conclusions: Our results suggest that the total oxidant and antioxidant status may not affect earthquake survivors with PTSD. This is the first study to evaluate the oxidative status in earthquake survivors with PTSD. Further studies are necessary to confirm these findings.

Objective: Schizoaffective disorder is a disease with both affective and psychotic symptoms. In this study, we aimed to compare oxidative metabolism markers of schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenic patients. Furthermore, we also aimed to investigate whether schizoaffective disorder could be differentiated from schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in terms of oxidative metabolism., Methods: Total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) were measured in the blood samples that were collected from schizoaffective patients (n = 30), bipolar disorder patients (n = 30) and schizophrenic patients (n = 30). Oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated by dividing TOS by TAS., Results: TOS and OSI were found to be higher in patients with schizoaffective disorder compared with those in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients. TAS was not significantly different between the groups., Conclusion: Schizoaffective disorder was found to be different from bipolar disorder and schizophrenia in terms of oxidative parameters. This result may indicate that schizoaffective disorder could differ from bipolar disorder and schizophrenia in terms of biochemical parameters. Increased TOS levels observed in schizoaffective disorder may suggest poor clinical course and may be an indicator of poor prognosis.

Purpose: We aimed to compare the mental health and quality of life (QoL) between central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) patients and the control subjects., Methods: Thirty consecutive patients presenting with CSCR and age-gender-matched 30 healthy control subjects filled in the following standardized questionnaires: Symptom Checklist 90-R (SCL 90-R) and Short Form 36 (SF-36). Age, gender, and ocular clinical findings were recorded., Results: According to SCL-90-R, all scores were significantly higher in the CSCR group when compared to the control group. The patients with CSCR reported significantly lower levels of QoL, except bodily pain., Conclusion: Our results indicated that CSCR patients have poorer QoL and more psychological problems. CSCR patients may benefit from psychosocial support and interventions.

Acne is one of the most common dermatological diseases, and obsessive compulsive disorder is among the most frequent psychiatric conditions seen in dermatology clinics. Comorbidity of these conditions may therefore be expected. The aim of this study was to measure obsessive compulsive symptoms and quality of life in patients with acne vulgaris, compare them with those of healthy control subjects, and determine whether there is any predictive value of obsessive compulsive symptoms for quality of life in patients with acne. Obsessive compulsive symptoms and quality of life measurements of 146 patients with acne vulgaris and 94 healthy control subjects were made using the Maudsley Obsessive Compulsive Questionnaire and Short Form-36 in a cross-sectional design. Patients with acne vulgaris had lower scores for physical functioning, physical role dysfunction, general health perception, vitality, and emotional role dysfunction. They also had higher scores for checking, slowness, and rumination. The only predictor of physical functioning and vitality dimensions of health-related quality of life in these patients was rumination score. Obsessive compulsive symptoms in patients with acne vulgaris are higher than in controls, and this may correlate with both disease severity and quality of life for patients.

In recent years, there has been an increasing focus on generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) which is one of the most prevalent mental disorders in general population. Psychological, genetic, neurobiological, and neurochemical factors are believed to play role in the etiopathogenesis of GAD. The role of oxidative stress, as a neurochemical cause, in various anxiety disorders has been studied in recent years; however, it has not been thoroughly studied in GAD, yet. In this paper, we aimed to evaluate the serum levels of lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH), paraoxonase, and arylesterase in GAD patients without any co-morbid psychiatric disorders and investigate their diagnostic performance. Blood samples were collected from 40 GAD patients and 40 healthy control subjects to measure their serum LOOH levels, arylesterase and paraoxonase activities. Obtained results have been compared between groups and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve has been drawn for diagnostic performance of measured biochemical markers. Positive and negative predictive values have been estimated where appropriate. Mean LOOH level of the GAD patients was significantly higher than that of control subjects (t=-5.49, p<0.001), whereas, mean paraoxonase activity was lower in these patients (t=3.056, p=0.03). GAD could be predicted for LOOH level over 7.740 μmol/l with 92.5% positive predictive value and 92% negative predictive value. Increased LOOH level and decreased paraoxonase activity of GAD patients may suggest increased lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in these patients. LOOH levels may be a state marker for diagnosing GAD., (© 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objective: In recent years, many published studies have focused on the relationship between oxidative stress and psychiatric disorders. However, studies in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are few despite relatively high prevalence rates. In an attempt to fill this gap in the literature we aimed to measure serum levels of free sulphydryl, an important member of antioxidant defense mechanisms, of the patients with GAD., Methods: A total of 35 (23 female, 12 male) GAD patients without any other co-morbid medical or psychiatric disorder and 35 (23 female, 12 male) healthy controls have been included in the study. Disease severity of the patients were quantified by using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A). Serum free sulphydryl group levels of patients and healthy controls were measured in an appropriate way., Results: Mean level of serum sulphydryl groups was significantly lower in the patient group. There was a negative correlation between their level and the disease duration. However, they did not show any significant correlation with the disease severity., Conclusion: Decreased serum sulphydryl level observed in pure GAD patients suggests an increased oxidative stress in these patients. Well designed future researches are needed to replicate our findings and to test the implications of the present study.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) offers a treatment option for mood disorders during pregnancy. We retrospectively examined 12 pregnant patients who were treated with ECT for their mood disorders. The mean ± SD age of the patients was 28.1 ± 4.8 years. The mean ± SD number of ECTs performed was 9.8 ± 4.5. The mean ± SD Clinical Global Impression score was decreased from 6 to 2.6 ± 0.7 with ECT. No significant adverse events were observed other than early delivery in one patient and pes ekinovarus deformity in a newborn that was most probably not related to ECT causally. Electroconvulsive therapy seems to be an effective and safe treatment option in pregnant patients with mood disorders.

Background: Depression, anxiety, and obsessive compulsive symptoms are known to be common among patients with acne vulgaris. In contrast to earlier reports, a number of recent studies suggested isotretinoin to be beneficial for depression and anxiety symptoms in acne patients. Moreover, its effects on obsessive compulsive symptomatology are still widely unknown., Objectives: To examine the effects of isotretinoin treatment on obsessive compulsive symptoms, depression, and anxiety in acne vulgaris patients., Methods: The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Maudsley Obsessive Compulsive Questionnaire, and Sheehan Disability Scale were administered to 43 patients with acne vulgaris who accepted isotretinoin treatment and agreed to participate in the study. Severity of acne was evaluated with Global Acne Grading System. Thirty-three patients completed 6 months treatment with oral isotretinoin at 0.5-1.0 mg/kg daily doses. Measurements were repeated at the end of 6 months., Results: Depression, anxiety, and obsessive rumination symptoms were significantly improved after isotretinoin treatment. On the other hand, obsessive doubting of acne patients was worse at the end of the treatment. There was no significant change in disease related disability of patients., Conclusion: Besides worsening of obsessive doubting, successful treatment with oral isotretinoin seems to be related with improvement in depression, anxiety, and obsessive rumination symptoms in acne vulgaris patients. These changes were not reflected in the disability level that acne patients have reported.

Background and Aims: Ceruloplasmin, an acute phase reactant with antioxidant capacity, has been found to be increased in some psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia and obsessive compulsive disorder. However, studies in depression are very scarce. We undertook this study determine the serum ceruloplasmin levels of depressive patients before and after treatment, to compare them with those of healthy control subjects, and to assess any possible association of ceruloplasmin and treatment response., Methods: Nineteen (8 male, 11 female) patients with major depressive disorder and 40 (17 male, 23 female) healthy control subjects were included in the study. The patients received naturalistic antidepressant treatment for 8 weeks after diagnosis. Serum ceruloplasmin levels and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) scores of the patients were measured before and after their antidepressant treatment. Blood collection for ceruloplasmin measurement was done only once for healthy control subjects., Results: Patients' ceruloplasmin levels before and after antidepressant treatment were significantly higher than control subjects (t = 7.569, p <0.001 and t = 6.764, p <0.001, respectively). Despite clinical improvement, ceruloplasmin did not show any significant change after treatment in patients with depression (t = -1.163, p = 0.260) and remained higher than levels of control subjects. No correlation was found between HAM-D score, presence of response, and ceruloplasmin levels., Conclusions: Compared to healthy control subjects, ceruloplasmin level seemed to be higher in patients with depression and remained high, despite acute antidepressant treatment. Improvement in clinical measurements of depression after antidepressant treatment was not reflected as significant alterations in serum ceruloplasmin levels., (Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Acne is an easily recognizable abnormality which may cause some adverse psychosocial consequences. We aimed to determine the social phobia frequency, social anxiety level, and disease related disability in a group of acne vulgaris patients. One-hundred and forty acne vulgaris patients and 98 healthy control subjects were included in the study. Acne severity was determined by the Global Acne Grading System (GAGS). A psychiatrist interviewed each participant and the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) was administered to all participants, who also completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS). Social phobia was diagnosed in 45.7% of acne vulgaris patients and in 18.4% of control subjects. Acne vulgaris patients demonstrated higher performance avoidance and total avoidance scores in LSAS than controls. Acne vulgaris patients without social phobia had higher scores in HADS and LSAS than the acne vulgaris patients with social phobia. They were more disabled in their occupational, social, and familial lives. Social phobia diagnosis predicted disability at work, whereas education level predicted the disability in family life of acne vulgaris patients. Social phobia seems to be a common psychiatric comorbidity which may give rise to some additional disability among acne vulgaris patients.

Free radicals have been implicated in some psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to investigate the role of oxidative and antioxidative parameters in etiopathogenesis and prognosis of panic disorder (PD), using novel methods for measurement of total oxidant and antioxidant statuses. Nineteen PD patients and 40 healthy subjects were recruited. Both total antioxidant status and oxidative stress index, and ceruloplasmin levels of PD patients were significantly higher in PD patients. Total oxidant status and oxidative stress index decreased after treatment. This study suggests an oxidative imbalance in PD and treatment can reverse overall oxidative imbalance.

Background: Introduction and common usage of atypical antipsychotics in maintenance therapy for bipolar disorders is an innovative perspective. The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of atypical antipsychotics (AA) used either as monotherapy or in combination with a mood stabilizer (MS) in the maintenance treatment., Method: 55 patients treated with AA either alone or in combination with a MS for bipolar I disorder which were followed up for 6 months were retrospectively evaluated. Clinical status was evaluated with Bech Rafaelsen Mania Rating Scale (BRMRS), 24-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and Clinical Global Impressions Scale (CGI)., Results: Having similar demographic and clinical backgrounds, patients on with both treatment groups had significant clinical improvement. During the maintenance phase, numbers of total attacks were not significantly different between the two treatment groups., Conclusion: Our naturalistic, controlled retrospective observations suggest the potential use of atypical antipsychotics in the long-term management of bipolar I disorder. Larger and prospective studies are needed to determine the role of atypical antipsychotics more clearly in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder. To the best of our knowledge this is the first study comparing MS+AA with only AA treatment regimen.

Background: This is the first study in bipolar patients, aimed to evaluate possible roles of the drugs, [atypical antipsychotics (AA) and mood stabilizers (MS)], inducing metabolic syndrome (MetS)., Methods: 125 bipolar patients, diagnosed according to the DSM IV, were assessed cross-sectionally for MetS according to the National Cholesterol Educational Program criteria (NCEP ATP III). Patients included in the study were required to receive medications (AAs: quetiapine, risperidone and olanzapine, and MSs: Lithium, Sodium Valproate, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine) for at least 3 months. Patients are divided into three groups as only AA users, AA+MS users and only MS users., Results: Of the patients, 32% were MetS, a proportion higher than normal population and similar as previous studies in bipolar patients. AA taking patients had significantly higher MetS rates than the others (chi(2)=10.47 df=2 p=0.005). Also, AA taking patients had significantly higher MetS rates than MS taking patients (chi(2)=8.86 df=1 p=0.003). There was no significant difference among quetiapine, olanzapine, risperidone usage for MetS prevalences (chi(2)=0.38 df=2 p=0.82)., Conclusions: AA taking bipolar patients had higher MetS rates. Despite already existing data on MetS and antipsychotics, this cross-sectional study is the first research, discusses AAs and MSs for inducing MetS in bipolar disorder. Prospectively designed researches should be conducted for further clarification of the role of these drugs in MetS.