1. Analysis of the reiteration regions (R1 to R5) of varicella-zoster virus
- Author
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Jennifer M Folster, Mark L. Quinlivan, Steven J. Jacobsen, Judith Breuer, D. Scott Schmid, Nancy J. Jensen, Daniel P. Depledge, Philip LaRussa, Terry Fei Fan Ng, Kay Radford, Jessica Leung, and Hung-Fu Tseng
- Subjects
Herpesvirus 3, Human ,viruses ,Genome, Viral ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Herpes Zoster ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Genome ,Article ,Virus ,Viral Proteins ,03 medical and health sciences ,symbols.namesake ,Virology ,medicine ,Humans ,Internal repeat ,030304 developmental biology ,Sanger sequencing ,Genetics ,0303 health sciences ,030302 biochemistry & molecular biology ,Varicella zoster virus ,virus diseases ,Illumina miseq ,Tandem Repeat Sequences ,DNA, Viral ,symbols ,Protein Binding - Abstract
The varicella-zoster virus (VZV) genome, as with all other human herpesviruses, comprises both unique and repeated regions. In addition, the genome includes six sequences of tandemly repeating short elements termed reiteration regions, designated R1 to R5. The R4 element is duplicated, with one copy each in the terminal repeat short (TRs) and the internal repeat short (IRs) regions. The reiteration regions (R) are an understudied feature of the VZV genome even though three of them (R1, R2 and R3) reside inside the coding regions of important viral genes. R1 is located in ORF11, a tegument protein and the homoolog to herpes simplex virus UL47. R2 is located in ORF 14, which encodes glycoprotein C. R3 is located in ORF22, a component of the viral tegument and the largest gene product encoded by the virus. It is the homolog to herpes simplex virus UL36. R4A is located in the IRs and is duplicated, usually in inverted orientation, as R4B in the TRs. R5 is located in a non-coding region between ORF60 and 61. We developed primers to amplify and Sanger sequence all six reiteration regions, including primers that independently amplify the two copies of R4. We sequenced the reiteration regions from more than 80 genomes for viruses selected from the Kaiser Permanente Herpes Zoster Study, each of which was sampled from patients with well-characterized cases of herpes zoster. Samples were selected to provide a broad representation of VZV clades. The remainder of these genomes were sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform.
- Published
- 2020