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One of the advantages of an oil-hydraulic system is that it keeps the value of its oil pressure when the pressurized oil is enclosed in a container. However, when the temperature of the oil changes, it is impossible to keep the value. If a pressure-control sub-system is used to prevent the pressure change, the whole system becomes complicated. In addition, energy is consumed when the pressure is adjusted by the quantity of oil flowing in or out of the container. From these view points, it would be useful if a component were developed which prevented the pressure change caused by the change in oil temperature without controlling the quantity of oil. Therefore, in this paper, a mechanism to prevent the pressure change caused by the oil temperature change is proposed to secure the advantages of the oil hydraulic system even when the temperature of the oil changes. And a component is fabricated to investigate the validity of the proposed mechanism. Its validity is investigated experimentally when the temperature of the oil increases and when the temperature of the oil decreases after it increases.

In this paper, a component restricting pressure change caused by oil temperature change is proposed. One of the merits of an oil-hydraulic system is to keep the value of oil pressure when pressurized oil is enclosed in a container. However, it is impossible to keep the value when the temperature of the oil is changed. Using a pressure control sub-system to prevent it, the whole system becomes complicated. In addition to it, the energy is consumed when the pressure is adjusted by the quantity of the oil flowing into or out the container. From these view points, it is effective to develop the component which prevents the pressure change according to the oil temperature change without the control of the quantity of the oil. Therefore, in this paper, a component to prevent the pressure change based on the oil temperature change is proposed to make the merit of oil-hydraulic system certain when the temperature of the oil is changed. And, in the cases where the temperature of the oil is increased and where the temperature of the oil is decreased after it is increased, the basic characteristics of the component investigate experimentally.

1)重複癌は, 前立腺癌610例中93例(15.2%)にみられた.2)前立腺癌に伴う重複癌の種類は, 胃癌が最多で, 以下膀胱癌, 結腸癌, 肺癌の順であった.第一, 二, 三癌の診断時年齢の中央値は各々72, 74, 75歳で, 第一～二癌の診断間隔(中央値20ヵ月)は第二～三癌の診断間隔(中央値8ヵ月)よりも長かった.3)死因の明らかな37例のうち癌死は29例(78.4%)で, 前立腺癌が死因となったものは6例と少なかった.4)重複癌群と単発癌群の前立腺癌の比較では, 診断時年齢, 分化度に統計学的な有意差は無かった, We analyzed the clinical features of multiple primary cancers (MPCs) that included prostate cancer. MPCs were observed in 93 (15.2%) of the patients suffering from prostate cancer. In the MPC group, the organ most commonly involved was the stomach, followed by bladder, colon and lungs. The median age at diagnosis of the first, second and third cancers was 72, 74, and 75 years old, respectively, and the duration between the first and second cancers (median: 20 months) was longer than that between the second and third cancers (median: 8 months). In the 37 MPC patients whose cause of death was obvious, 29 (78.4%) died of a cancer; prostate cancer was not so common (6 patients) as the cause of death. Age at diagnosis and grade distribution of prostate cancer were not significantly different between the MPC and single primary cancer (SPC) groups. However, the proportion of earlier stage was significantly (p < 0.01) higher in the MPC group than in the SPC group, and this trend was more obvious in patients whose prostate cancer was diagnosed as the second cancer. The prostate cancer-specific survival rates were significantly higher in the patients with MPC, and this trend was more obvious in the patients with stage D or moderately differentiated cancer. It is important in the follow up of prostate cancer patients to be aware of the possibility of the occurrence of a second cancer.

初診時DICを併発した前立腺癌5例について検討した. 1)5例の平均年齢は68歳, 平均生存期間は685日であった.発症年齢は若い傾向にあった.5例中4例が尿路系以外の症状を主訴に発症した. 2)全例多発性骨転移を伴うstage D2症例であった. 3)全例病理診断を待たず, 臨床的に前立腺癌と診断して治療を開始した.初期治療には全例ジエチルスチルベストロール2リン酸を用いた. 4)DICスコア, 腫瘍マーカーなどを指標にして治療を開始すると, 一旦はDICスコアは正常化, マーカーも下降し, 症状も軽減するが短期間のうちに再燃して予後は不良であった. 5)適切な治療を行えば一般のstage D2前立腺癌症例と同じ予後が期待できる例もあることがわかった, We experienced five patients with prostate cancer with disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome (DIC) at the first presentation at Gunma University Hospital and affiliated institutions between 1991 and 1997. Their average age was 68 years, average DIC score at the first presentation was 10 and prostate specific antigen (PSA) level was more than 700 ng/ml. All of them had multiple bone metastases. The therapy for DIC and hormonal therapy for prostate cancer were simultaneously started at the first presentation before prostate needle biopsy, but all patients died. The average number of days from the start of DIC to death was 685 days. The patients initially showed a good response to therapy, but their conditions soon aggravated. The prognosis was extremely poor, but some proper therapies lead to the prognosis which was equal to that of prostate cancer in Stage D2 without DIC.

6例の精巣腫瘍患者に対し計22コースのカルボプラチンを基本とした多剤併用療法を施行した.AUC(曲線下面積)は, カルバートにより示された以下の公式により算出した.カルボプラチン投与量=AUC×(GFR+25), GFR; 糸球体濾過率.骨髄抑制の程度をいくつかのカテゴリーにより検討した.化学療法のコースを体表面積当たり投与量により2群に分けた.白血球及び血小板の減少率, 最低値はこの2群の間で有意差を認めなかった.AUCにより3群に分けた場合, AUCの高い群は骨髄抑制の程度が高かった, Carboplatin (CBDCA), a derivative of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum, has low renal and neural toxicity. The dose-limiting factor of this agent is myelosuppression. We experienced various degrees of myelosuppression, when the dose of CBDCA was determined by the body surface area (BSA) in CBDCA-based combination chemotherapy for testicular cancer. Calvert demonstrated that the dose of CBDCA administered should be adjusted by renal function, because CBDCA was excreted through the glomerulus. We report the relationship among 3 factors; the administration dose of CBDCA, renal function and the degree of myelosuppression. We treated 6 patients with testicular cancer. A total of 22 courses of CBDCA-based combination chemotherapy was performed. The area under the curve (AUC) was calculated by the following formula, which was demonstrated in Calvert's study. CBDCA dose = AUC x (GFR + 25), GFR; glomerular filtration rate. The degree of myelosuppression was examined. All chemotherapy courses were divided into 2 and 3 groups according to BSA and AUC, respectively. WBC and Plt reduction rates and nadir counts were significantly correlated with AUC, and showed no significant relationship to the dose determined by BSA. This study revealed that the degree of myelosuppression was closely related with AUC, which reflects the renal function.

Rolling Stability Control of In-wheel Motor Electric Vehicle Based on Disturbance Observer

慢性前立腺炎25症例にセルニルトンを投与し, 治療効果を検討した.1)自覚症状については, 軽度以上の改善率は96%.2)他覚所見については, 軽度以上の改善率は76%.3)総合効果は, 有効率52%, やや有効以上の有効率88%.4)超音波断層像の変化では, 有効例に被膜エコーの不鮮明化, 前立腺周囲無エコー領域の改善が多く観察された, Twenty-five patients with chronic prostatitis were given Cernilton tablets. Improvement of subjective symptoms and objective findings was noted in 96.0% and 76.0% of the cases. Sonographic findings in the prostate showed 33-100% improvement in four objective items. No side effects were observed in any case after Cernilton medication. Cernilton was judged to be an effective drug for chronic prostatitis.

A rare case of epididymal sarcoidosis is reported. A 52-year-old man was admitted with a painless mass in the left scrotum. An operation revealed that a 1-cm mass was located at the epididymal head and well demarcated from the testis and the surrounding tissue. Epididymectomy was performed. Histopathological diagnosis was noncaseating granulomas consistent with sarcoidosis. Systemic examination showed bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy and bilateral peripheral anterior synechiae, but these lesions were diagnosed as inactive. Serum level of angiotensin-converting enzyme was normal.

Between 1961 and 1985, 44 cases of penile cancer were experienced at Gunma University Hospital. We statistically analyzed 42 of them. The average age was 56.9 years old, ranging from 28 to 86 years old. Interval from onset of the disease to first visit to our hospital ranged from 0 to 50 months, averaging 9 months. The main chief complaints were mass formation, spontaneous pain, ulceration, and abnormality of urinary stream. More than 75% of them had phimosis. Thirty-one percent had stage 1, 29% stage 2, 38% stage 3, and 2% stage 4 cancer, according to Jackson's classification. All of them were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma. Surgical treatment was given to 37 patients (radical or partial penectomy was performed in most cases). Chemotherapy was given to 23 patients (main chemotherapeutic agent was bleomycin or peplomycin) and irradiation to 26 patients. Five-year survival was seen in 77% of the cases, 92% in low stage group (stage 1 and 2) and 63% in high stage group (stage 3 and 4). Ten-year survival was seen in 62% of the cases, 79% in low stage group and 43% in high stage group (Kaplan-Meier method).

過去21年間に経験した原発性腎盂尿管腫瘍54例につき集計, 検討した.1)54例の平均年齢は63.4歳であり, 男女比は2.4:1であった.患側は右21, 左33と左に多かった.2)主訴は血尿が87%と最も多く, ついで疼痛が11%であった.症状初発から1ヵ月以内に受診したのは約1/3であった.3)腫瘍の部位は, 腎盂腫瘍24例, 尿管腫瘍25例, 腎盂尿管腫瘍5例であった.4) IVP所見では, filling defect 23例とnon-visualized kidney 22例が多かった.5)組織学的には移行上皮癌53例, 乳頭腫1例であった.6)併発膀胱腫瘍は, 先行性に6例, 同時性に10例, 続発性に5例認めた.7)治療の主体は手術であり一側尿路全摘除兼膀胱部分切除術が21例と最も多く, ついで一側尿路全摘除術と単純腎摘術がそれぞれ11例であった.8)腎盂尿管腫瘍の5年生存率は53%であった.悪性度と浸潤度は予後によく相関した.手術法については, 一側尿路全摘除術に膀胱部分切除術を加えたものは加えないものとの間に予後に差はなかった.先行性, 続発性の膀胱腫瘍の合併は予後を悪化させないが, 同時性の膀胱腫瘍は予後を著しく悪化させた, We report 54 patients with urothelial tumors in upper urinary tract admitted to our hospital between July, 1962 and December, 1985. The patients consisted of 38 males and 16 females; side their ages ranged from 47 to 88 years with a mean of 63.4 years. The affected side was the right side in 21 cases, and the left side in 33 cases. Macro-or microhematuria was observed in 87% of the patients. Pathologically, 53 of the patients had transitional cell carcinoma and 1 had papilloma. Six patients had a past history of bladder tumor. Simultaneous bladder tumor was identified in 10 cases. Vesical recurrence was observed in 5 cases. Total nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff resection was employed as the surgical method in 21 cases, and total nephrectomy without bladder cuff resection in 11 patients. The actual five-year survival rate was 53% for all the patients; 52% for patients with renal pelvic tumors, 75% for those with ureteral tumors and 15% for those with renal pelvic and ureteral tumors. The patients who received nephroureterectomy had a postoperative survival rate similar to that of those who received nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff resection. A simultaneous bladder tumor lowered the survival rate.

A 46-year-old man visited our clinic with the chief complaint of indolent swelling of the left scrotal contents. An elastic hard and fist-sized mass with negative transillumination was palpable in left scrotum, but testis and epididymis were not discriminated. Left high orchiectomy was performed. Tumor was 90 X 55 mm in size and the testis and epididymis at the lower pole of the tumor were intact. Histological diagnosis was leiomyoma and we diagnosed leiomyoma of the spermatic cord. To our knowledge, this is the 5th case reported in Japan.