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3. Biocompatibility of chitosan gel associated with glycerol phosphate for the healing of experimentally induced radial defects in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Author

Minto, B. W. [UNESP], Borsaro, C. P. [UNESP], Nobile, M. [UNESP], Coelho, L. P. [UNESP], Franco, G. G. [UNESP], Kawamoto, F. Y. K. [UNESP], Campos, M. G. N., Dias, L. G. G. G. [UNESP], Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), and Univ Fed Alfenas

Subjects
bone regeneration, rabbit, chitosan, biomaterials
Abstract

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T11:47:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-11-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-15T14:36:19Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-09352020000602093.pdf: 212983 bytes, checksum: d2fd8a4b610a54e69fb8cb319adda4e4 (MD5) Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary science that has been developing biomaterials for bone regeneration in medicine and veterinary medicine, following an imminent need. The aim of this study was to evaluate bone regeneration after use of chitosan hydrogel associated with glycerol phosphate in experimentally induced bone gap in the radius of rabbits. Fifteen adult rabbits were randomly distributed in two experimental groups, represented by each radius of every single animal. The animals in the Biomaterial Group (GB) were treated with a glycerol phosphate-associated chitosan hydrogel and in the Control Group (GC) they received no treatment with the biomaterial. The animals were evaluated clinically, radiographically, histologically and by optic densitometry at 30, 60 and 90 days postoperatively. There was statistical superiority in the general average of the radiographic estimates of GB (2.33 +/- 0.48) over the CG (1.77 +/- 0.06). The general averages of GB densitometric evaluation were higher than the CG, being 6.207 +/- 1.374 and 5.71 +/- 1.512, respectively. Histopathological evaluation of GB was superior to CG in periods of 30, 60 and 90 days. Chitosan hydrogel constitutes a biomaterial of desired characteristics, promoting faster and more efficient bone repair when compared to GC. Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Univ Fed Alfenas, Inst Ciencias & Tecnol, Pocos De Caldas, MG, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil

Published
2020

8. Human migration and the spread of malaria parasites to the New World

Author

Rodrigues, PT, Valdivia, HO, de Oliveira, TC, Alves, JMP, Duarte, AMRC, Cerutti-Junior, C, Buery, JC, Brito, CFA, de Souza, JC, Hirano, ZMB, Bueno, MG, Catao-Dias, JL, Malafronte, RS, Ladeia-Andrade, S, Mita, T, Santamaria, AM, Calzada, JE, Tantular, IS, Kawamoto, F, Raijmakers, LRJ, Mueller, I, Pacheco, MA, Escalante, AA, Felger, I, Ferreira, MU, Rodrigues, PT, Valdivia, HO, de Oliveira, TC, Alves, JMP, Duarte, AMRC, Cerutti-Junior, C, Buery, JC, Brito, CFA, de Souza, JC, Hirano, ZMB, Bueno, MG, Catao-Dias, JL, Malafronte, RS, Ladeia-Andrade, S, Mita, T, Santamaria, AM, Calzada, JE, Tantular, IS, Kawamoto, F, Raijmakers, LRJ, Mueller, I, Pacheco, MA, Escalante, AA, Felger, I, and Ferreira, MU

Abstract

We examined the mitogenomes of a large global collection of human malaria parasites to explore how and when Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax entered the Americas. We found evidence of a significant contribution of African and South Asian lineages to present-day New World malaria parasites with additional P. vivax lineages appearing to originate from Melanesia that were putatively carried by the Australasian peoples who contributed genes to Native Americans. Importantly, mitochondrial lineages of the P. vivax-like species P. simium are shared by platyrrhine monkeys and humans in the Atlantic Forest ecosystem, but not across the Amazon, which most likely resulted from one or a few recent human-to-monkey transfers. While enslaved Africans were likely the main carriers of P. falciparum mitochondrial lineages into the Americas after the conquest, additional parasites carried by Australasian peoples in pre-Columbian times may have contributed to the extensive diversity of extant local populations of P. vivax.

Published
2018

11. Autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and hydroxyapatite for bone defect in rabbits

Author

Franco GG, Minto BW, Coelho LP, Malard PF, Carvalho ER, Kawamoto FYK, Alcantara BM, and Dias LGGG

Subjects
adipose derived msc, cell transplantation, fracture healing, oryctolagus cuniculus, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the effect of autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AAD-MSC), with and without synthetic absorbable hydroxyapatite (HAP-91), on the bone regeneration in rabbits. Thirty-four female white New Zealand rabbits were submitted to a 10 mm distal diaphyseal radius ostectomy, divided into 3 experimental groups according to the treatment established. The bone gap was filled with 0.15 ml of a 0.9% saline solution containing two million AAD-MSC (G1), or AAD-MSC associated with HAP-91 (G2). The control group (CG) received only 0.15 ml of the 0.9% saline solution. Radiographs were made post-operatively, and after 15, 30, 45 and 90 days. Fifty percent of the samples were submitted to a histological examination at 45 days and the remaining ones at 90 days post-operatively. Radiographically, the periosteal reaction, bone callus volume and bone bridge quality were superior in G2 (P < 0.05). Histologically, the bone repair was faster and more efficient in G1 at 45 days (P < 0.05). In conclusion, AAD-MSC improved the regeneration on the experimentally induced bone defects in rabbits; however, the use of hydroxyapatite requires caution given the granulomatous reaction produced in the species.

Published
2022
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27. PCR-based ELISA technique for malaria diagnosis of specimens from Thailand.

Author

Laoboonchai, Anintita, Kawamoto, Fumihiko, Thanoosingha, Nichapat, Kojima, Somei, Scott Miller, R. R, Kain, Kevin C, Wongsrichanalai, Chansuda, Laoboonchai, A, Kawamoto, F, Thanoosingha, N, Kojima, S, Kain, K C, and Wongsrichanalai, C

Subjects
MALARIA diagnosis, POLYMERASE chain reaction, MICROBIOLOGICAL assay, CLINICAL trials, COLORIMETRY, COMPARATIVE studies, ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay, RESEARCH methodology, MEDICAL cooperation, RESEARCH, EVALUATION research, RANDOMIZED controlled trials
Abstract

We performed a field evaluation of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assays (ELISA) for the diagnosis of malaria. A commercially available PCR-ELISA microplate hybridization (MPH) assay was used. Blood specimens were collected from 300 volunteers seeking care at malaria clinics in Thailand. Examination of 200 high power fields by Giemsa-stained thick and thin smear (GTTS) revealed 51 P. falciparum (Pf), 45 P. vivax (Pv), seven mixed Pf-Pv infections. These plus a random sample of 48 GTTS-negative specimens were selected for this study. All 151 specimens were processed for parasite DNA extraction and assayed by PCR-MPH. The target DNA sequence of the 18S small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSUrRNA) gene was amplified by PCR and hybridized with species-specific probes for Pf, Pv, P. malariae (Pm) and P. ovale (Po) immobilized in the wells of the microtiter plate and detected by colorimetric assay. Colour development was assessed at an optical density (OD) of 405 nm. An absorbance reading of > or = 0.1 was used as a positive cut-off. In comparison with GTTS results, PCR-MPH sensitivity was 91.4% (53/58, 95% CI 84.2-98.6) for Pf, 94.2% (49/52, 87.9-100) for Pv and specificity was 95.8% (46/48, 95% CI 90.2-100). There was statistically significant positive correlation between parasite densities < or = 7000/microl blood and absorbance reading, suggestive of PCR-MPH being semiquantitative. PCR-MPH also detected additional Pf and Pv cases as well as Pm and Po. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2001
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29. Allelic diversity and antibody recognition of Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 1 during hypoendemic malaria transmission in the Brazilian amazon region.

Author

Da Silveira, L A, Dorta, M L, Kimura, E A, Katzin, A M, Kawamoto, F, Tanabe, K, and Ferreira, M U

Abstract

The polymorphic merozoite surface protein (MSP-1) of Plasmodium falciparum is a major asexual blood-stage malaria vaccine candidate. The impact of allelic diversity on recognition of MSP-1 during the immune response remains to be investigated in areas of hypoendemicity such as the Brazilian Amazon region. In this study, PCR was used to type variable regions, blocks 2, 4, and 10, of the msp-1 gene and to characterize major gene types (unique combinations of allelic types in variable blocks) in P. falciparum isolates collected across the Amazon basin over a period of 12 years. Twelve of the 24 possible gene types were found among 181 isolates, and 68 (38%) of them had more than one gene type. Temporal, but not spatial, variation was found in the distribution of MSP-1 gene types in the Amazon. Interestingly, some gene types occurred more frequently than expected from random assortment of allelic types in different blocks, as previously found in other areas of endemicity. We also compared the antibody recognition of polymorphic (block 2), dimorphic (block 6), and conserved (block 3) regions of MSP-1 in Amazonian malaria patients and clinically immune Africans, using a panel of recombinant peptides. Results were summarized as follows. (i) All blocks were targeted by naturally acquired cytophilic antibodies of the subclasses IgG1 and IgG3, but the balance between IgG1 and IgG3 depended on the subjects' cumulative exposure to malaria. (ii) The balance between IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses and the duration of antibody responses differed in relation to distinct MSP-1 peptides. (iii) Antibody responses to variable blocks 2 and 6 were predominantly type specific, but variant-specific antibodies that target isolate-specific repetitive motifs within block 2 were more frequent in Amazonian patients than in previously studied African populations.

Published
1999

32. Incidence and mutation analysis of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Eastern Indonesian populations

Author

Tantular, I. S., Hiroyuki Matsuoka, Kasahara, Y., Pusarawati, S., Kanbe, T., Tuda, J. S. B., Kido, Y., Dachlan, Y. P., and Kawamoto, F.

Subjects
rapid G6PD test, Male, Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency, Indonesia, Incidence, Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, DNA Mutational Analysis, eastern Indonesian population, Humans, molecular analysis, G6PD Vanua Lava, Female, Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase
Abstract

We conducted a field survey of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenese (G6PD) deficiency in the eastern Indonesian islands, and analyzed G6PD variants molecularly. The incidence of G6PD deficiency in 5 ethnic groups (Manggarai, Bajawa, Nage-Keo, Larantuka, and Palue) on the Flores and Palue Islands was lower than that of another native group, Sikka, or a nonnative group, Riung. Molecular analysis of G6PD variants indicated that 19 cases in Sikka had a frequency distribution of G6PD variants similar to those in our previous studies, while 8 cases in Riung had a different frequency distribution of G6PD variants. On the other hand, from field surveys in another 8 ethnic groups (Timorese, Sumbanese, Savunese, Kendari, Buton, Muna, Minahasa, and Sangirese) on the islands of West Timor, Sumba, Sulawesi, Muna and Bangka, a total of 49 deficient cases were detected. Thirty-nine of these 49 cases had G6PD Vanua Lava (383T＞C) of Melanesian origin. In our previous studies, many cases of G6PD Vanua Lava were found on other eastern Indonesian islands. Taken together, these findings may indicate that G6PD Vanua Lava is the most common variant in eastern Indonesian populations, except for Sikka.

35. Seven different glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase variants including a new variant distributed in Lam Dong Province in southern Vietnam

Author

Hiroyuki Matsuoka, Thuan, D. T. V., Thien, H., Kanbe, T., Jalloh, A., Hirai, M., Arai, M., Nguyen, T. D., and Kawamoto, F.

Subjects
Male, Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency, Amino Acid Substitution, Vietnam, Kinh, Molecular Sequence Data, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase defi ciency, malaria, Genetic Variation, Humans, Bao Loc, Female, Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase
Abstract

We conducted a survey for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency using blood samples from male outpatients of a local hospital in southern Vietnam. Most of the samples were from the Kinh (88.9%), the largest ethnic group in Vietnam, with a small number (11.1%) coming from the K'Ho, Chauma, Nung, and Tay minorities. We detected 25 G6PD-deficient cases among 1,104 samples (2.3%), and read the open reading frame of G6PD. A novel mutation (352T>C) predicting an aminoacid change of 118Tyr>His was found in a 1-year-old Kinh boy. His G6PD activity was estimated to be less than 10% residual activity, although he did not show chronic hemolytic anemia. Thus, we categorized this variant as Class II and named it G6PD Bao Loc. In the Kinh population, G6PD Viangchan (871G>A, 1311C>T, intron 11 nt93T>C), one of the most common variants in continental Southeast Asian populations, was the highest (6/19), followed by variants originating from the Chinese such as G6PD Canton (1376G>T) (5/19), G6PD Kaiping (1388G>A) (3/19), G6PD Gaohe (95A>G) (1/19), and G6PD Quing Yuan (392G>T) (1/19). In addition, G6PD Union (1360C>T) (2/19), which originated from the Oceania, was also detected. These findings suggest that the Kinh people are derived from various ancestries from continental Southeast Asia, China, and Oceania. In contrast, all of the 5 deficient cases in the K'Ho population were G6PD Viangchan, suggesting that they were very close to Southeast Asian populations such as the Khmer in Cambodia and the Lao in Laos. It is interesting that G6PD Mahidol (487G>A), another common variant in continental Southeast Asian populations in Myanmar, Thailand, and Malaysia, has not been detected from the Vietnamese.

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