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140 results on '"Kawai, Shigeru"'

2. ELectron microscopic abnormality and therapeutic efficacy in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy with anti‐neurofascin155 immunoglobulin G4 antibody

Author

Kuwahara, Motoi, Suzuki, Hidekazu, Oka, Nobuyuki, Ogata, Hidenori, Yanagimoto, Satoshi, Sadakane, Shuji, Fukumoto, Yuta, Yamana, Masaki, Yuhara, Yoshiko, Yoshikawa, Keisuke, Morikawa, Miyuki, Kawai, Shigeru, Okazaki, Masahiro, Tsujimoto, Toru, Kira, Jun‐Ichi, and Kusunoki, Susumu

Published
2018
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6. In-Situ Metatranscriptomic Analyses Reveal the Metabolic Flexibility of the Thermophilic Anoxygenic Photosynthetic Bacterium Chloroflexus aggregans in a Hot Spring Cyanobacteria-Dominated Microbial Mat

Author

Kawai, Shigeru, Martinez, Joval N., Lichtenberg, Mads, Trampe, Erik, Kühl, Michael, Tank, Marcus, Haruta, Shin, Nishihara, Arisa, Hanada, Satoshi, Thiel, Vera, Kawai, Shigeru, Martinez, Joval N., Lichtenberg, Mads, Trampe, Erik, Kühl, Michael, Tank, Marcus, Haruta, Shin, Nishihara, Arisa, Hanada, Satoshi, and Thiel, Vera

Abstract

Chloroflexus aggregans is a metabolically versatile, thermophilic, anoxygenic phototrophic member of the phylum Chloroflexota (formerly Chloroflexi), which can grow photoheterotrophically, photoautotrophically, chemoheterotrophically, and chemoautotrophically. In hot spring-associated microbial mats, C. aggregans co-exists with oxygenic cyanobacteria under dynamic micro-environmental conditions. To elucidate the predominant growth modes of C. aggregans, relative transcription levels of energy metabolism-and CO2 fixation-related genes were studied in Nakabusa Hot Springs microbial mats over a diel cycle and correlated with microscale in situ measurements of O2 and light. Metatranscriptomic analyses indicated two periods with different modes of energy metabolism of C. aggregans: (1) phototrophy around midday and (2) chemotrophy in the early morning hours. During midday, C. aggregans mainly employed photoheterotrophy when the microbial mats were hyperoxic (400–800 µmol L−1 O2 ). In the early morning hours, relative transcription peaks of genes encoding uptake hydrogenase, key enzymes for carbon fixation, respiratory complexes as well as enzymes for TCA cycle and acetate uptake suggest an aerobic chemomixotrophic lifestyle. This is the first in situ study of the versatile energy metabolism of C. aggregans based on gene transcription patterns. The results provide novel insights into the metabolic flexibility of these filamentous anoxygenic phototrophs that thrive under dynamic environmental conditions.

Published
2021

7. In-Situ Metatranscriptomic Analyses Reveal the Metabolic Flexibility of the Thermophilic Anoxygenic Photosynthetic Bacterium Chloroflexus aggregans in a Hot Spring Cyanobacteria-Dominated Microbial Mat

Author

Kawai, Shigeru, primary, Martinez, Joval N., additional, Lichtenberg, Mads, additional, Trampe, Erik, additional, Kühl, Michael, additional, Tank, Marcus, additional, Haruta, Shin, additional, Nishihara, Arisa, additional, Hanada, Satoshi, additional, and Thiel, Vera, additional

Published
2021
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14. Distributed crossbar interconnects with vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser-angle multiplexing and fiber image guides

Author

Li, Yao, Wang, Ting, and Kawai, Shigeru

Subjects
Optoelectronic devices -- Design and construction, Multiplexing -- Research, Fiber optics -- Research, Parallel computers -- Equipment and supplies, Astronomy, Physics
Abstract

We report on the implementation of an optical crossbar interconnect consisting of a centralized free-space beam-steering subsystem, a distributed array of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers and photoreceivers, a fiber image guide, and a large-core polymer fiber array. The interconnect can in principle handle more than 350 cross-bar channels, but our implementation demonstrated only 240 channels. Transmissions of 500-Mbit/s per channel were demonstrated. Approximately 12.7-dB end-to-end optical channel attenuation was measured. Details of component design, packaging, system integration, and testing are presented and discussed. OCIS codes: 060.2330, 060.4230, 160.5470, 200.4650.

Published
1998

15. Quasi-toric planar microlenses for oblique-incidence light beams

Author

Kurita, Hisazaku and Kawai, Shigeru

Subjects
Optics -- Models, Lenses -- Research, Light -- Analysis, Photonics -- Research, Astronomy, Physics
Abstract

Novel quasi-toric planar microlenses (PML's) suitable for planar optics are proposed. The PML's have elliptical apertures, and they are astigmatism free for oblique-incidence light beams. A simple PML model is proposed for designing the quasi-toric PML. Fabricated quasi-toric PML's were evaluated to demonstrate their chip-to-chip interconnection probability. Key words: Optical interconnections, planar optics, microlens, refractive lens, toric lens, astigmatism.

Published
1997

16. Fiber-image-guide based bit-parallel optical interconnects

Author

Li, Yao, Wang, Ting, Kosaka, Hideo, Kawai, Shigeru, and Kasahara, Kenichi

Subjects
Parallel computers -- Research, Image transmission -- Research, Astronomy, Physics
Abstract

We propose a scalable bit-parallel optical interconnect method for use in large-bandwidth interprocessor communications. Flexible fiber image guides are used to transmit spatially parallel optical data between a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser array and a photodetector array. We have studied a lens-based and a fiber-image-taper-based input-output coupling scheme and have modeled power-loss mechanisms and resolution-degradation mechanisms associated with the schemes. We have also performed some experiments to confirm the operational principles of the proposed schemes and to investigate the power efficiency and imaging-resolution performance of the interconnect schemes. Our study indicates that the proposed interconnects can offer a scalable method to transmit hundreds of channels of multigigabyte per second per channel optical data in parallel. Key words: Bit-parallel interconnects, optical interconnect systems, parallel computing, image transmissions, fiber bundles.

Published
1996

17. Electrophotonic computer networks with strictly nonblocking and self-routing functions

Author

Kawai, Shigeru and Kurita, Hisakazu

Subjects
Computer networks -- Research, Parallel processing -- Research, Astronomy, Physics
Abstract

Three-stage optical interconnection networks for use in massively parallel processors are proposed. Wavelength-division- and space-division-multiplexing switches used in these networks are described, and free-space optics to assist in the construction of networks that are small and provide high throughput are discussed. Key words: Optical interconnections, massively parallel processors, switching networks, free-space optics, wavelength-division multiplexing, micro-optics, nonblocking, self-routing.

Published
1996

19. Planar-optical mesh-connected tree interconnects: a feasibility study

Author

Li, Yao, Linke, Richard A., Lyuu, Yuh-Dauh, Kawai, Shigeru, Kubota, Keiichi, and Kasahara, Kenichi

Subjects
Optical communications -- Research, Mesh networks -- Research, Astronomy, Physics
Abstract

The mesh-connected tree is a two-dimensional interconnect topology that combines aspects of a conventional tree network and a two-dimensional nearest-neighbor mesh network. Because of its topological features, a mesh-connected tree has the potential to be implemented with planar optoelectronic interconnect concepts. We examine the feasibility of employing vertical-to-surface-transmission-electro-photonic optical array switches together with planar micro-optical components for the future implementation of an optoelectronic mesh-connected tree interconnect.

Published
1995

20. Modified signed-digit optical processors using computer-generated holograms

Author

Kawai, Shigeru and Kohga, Yuji

Subjects
Optical data processing -- Research, Optical data processing -- Equipment and supplies, Holography -- Usage, Astronomy, Physics
Abstract

Modified signed-digit (MSD) numbers offer convenient parallel addition and subtraction of bits. The parallel addition of any two MSD numbers, no matter what the values of their bits may be, requires only three bit-pattern transformations. To perform such transformations optically, however, MSD data must be represented in a form suitable for cascade connection. Proposed here is a new cascade-connective MSD optical processor. Adding principles are successfully demonstrated by using an optical threshold device array in addition to new computer-generated holograms that are adjusted to equalize the intensity of their diffracted light beams.

Published
1992

21. Cascade-connective optical parallel logic processor using electrophotonic devices

Author

Kawai, Shigeru, Tashiro, Yoshiharu, Ichinose, Hideo, and Kasahara, Kenichi

Subjects
Optical data processing -- Research, Parallel processing -- Research, Astronomy, Physics
Abstract

To perform image or arithmetic processing optically, it is necessary that a large number of required optical processors be connected in a series. For such cascade connections, however, coding and decoding processes are undesirable because of the necessity for the complicated hardware that often results. We propose here a new logic algorithm for application to cascade connections, which utilizes, in place of coding and decoding processes, true logic signals and their complements. Its optical implementation is also discussed. A processing module is constructed from electro-photonic devices referred to as vertical to surface transmission electro-photonic devices, a ferroelectrical liquid-crystal spatial light modulator, and a planar microlens array. Its logic operations are successfully demonstrated. Key words: Logic processor, cascade connection, parallel processing, electro-photonic devices.

Published
1992

22. Intravascular Lymphoma Presenting as a Cavernous Sinus Tumor

Author

Kawai, Shigeru, primary, Okuda, Takeshi, additional, Fukui, Ayano, additional, Sanada, Yasuhiro, additional, Yoshikawa, Keisuke, additional, Morikawa, Miyuki, additional, Kuwahara, Motoi, additional, Maenishi, Osamu, additional, Morita, Yasuyoshi, additional, Izumoto, Shuichi, additional, Kato, Amami, additional, Matsumura, Itaru, additional, and Kusunoki, Susumu, additional

Published
2019
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26. Clinicopathologic Features of Oculopharyngodistal Myopathy With LRP12 CGG Repeat Expansions Compared With Other Oculopharyngodistal Myopathy Subtypes

Author

Kumutpongpanich, Theerawat, Ogasawara, Masashi, Ozaki, Ayami, Ishiura, Hiroyuki, Tsuji, Shoji, Minami, Narihiro, Hayashi, Shinichiro, Noguchi, Satoru, Iida, Aritoshi, Nishino, Ichizo, Mori-Yoshimura, Madoka, Oya, Yasushi, Ono, Kenjiro, Shimizu, Toshio, Kawata, Akihiro, Shimohama, Shun, Toyooka, Keiko, Endo, Kaoru, Toru, Shuta, Sasaki, Oga, Isahaya, Kenji, Takahashi, Masanori P., Iwasa, Kazuo, Kira, Jun-Ichi, Yamamoto, Tatsuya, Kawamoto, Michi, Hamano, Tadanori, Sugie, Kazuma, Eura, Nobuyuki, Shiota, Tomo, Koide, Mizuho, Sekiya, Kanako, Kishi, Hideaki, Hideyama, Takuto, Kawai, Shigeru, Yanagimoto, Satoshi, Sato, Hiroyasu, Arahata, Hajime, Murayama, Shigeo, Saito, Kayoko, Hara, Hideo, Kanda, Takashi, Yaguchi, Hiroshi, Imai, Noboru, Kawagashira, Yuichi, Sanada, Mitsuru, Obara, Kazuki, Kaido, Misako, Furuta, Minori, Kurashige, Takashi, Hara, Wataru, Kuzume, Daisuke, Yamamoto, Mamoru, Tsugawa, Jun, Kishida, Hitaru, Ishizuka, Naoki, Morimoto, Kohei, Tsuji, Yukio, Tsuneyama, Atsuko, Matsuno, Atsuhiro, Sasaki, Ryo, Tamakoshi, Daigo, Abe, Erika, Yamada, Shinichiro, and Uzawa, Akiyuki

Abstract

IMPORTANCE: Repeat expansion of CGG in LRP12 has been identified as the causative variation of oculopharyngodistal myopathy (OPDM). However, to our knowledge, the clinicopathologic features of OPDM with CGG repeat expansion in LRP12 (hereafter referred to as OPDM_LRP12) remain unknown. OBJECTIVE: To identify and characterize the clinicopathologic features of patients with OPDM_LRP12. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This case series included 208 patients with a clinical or clinicopathologic diagnosis of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPDM) from January 1, 1978, to December 31, 2020. Patients with GCN repeat expansions in PABPN1 were excluded from the study. Repeat expansions of CGG in LRP12 were screened by repeat primed polymerase chain reaction and/or Southern blot. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Clinical information, muscle imaging data obtained by either computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, and muscle pathologic characteristics. RESULTS: Sixty-five Japanese patients with OPDM (40 men [62%]; mean [SD] age at onset, 41.0 [10.1] years) from 59 families with CGG repeat expansions in LRP12 were identified. This represents the most common OPDM subtype among all patients in Japan with genetically diagnosed OPDM. The expansions ranged from 85 to 289 repeats. A negative correlation was observed between the repeat size and the age at onset (r2 = 0.188, P = .001). The most common initial symptoms were ptosis and muscle weakness, present in 24 patients (37%). Limb muscle weakness was predominantly distal in 53 of 64 patients (83%), but 2 of 64 patients (3%) had predominantly proximal muscle weakness. Ptosis was observed in 62 of 64 patients (97%), and dysphagia or dysarthria was observed in 63 of 64 patients (98%). A total of 21 of 64 patients (33%) had asymmetric muscle weakness. Aspiration pneumonia was seen in 11 of 64 patients (17%), and 5 of 64 patients (8%) required mechanical ventilation. Seven of 64 patients (11%) developed cardiac abnormalities, and 5 of 64 patients (8%) developed neurologic abnormalities. Asymmetric muscle involvement was detected on computed tomography scans in 6 of 27 patients (22%) and on magnetic resonance imaging scans in 4 of 15 patients (27%), with the soleus and the medial head of the gastrocnemius being the worst affected. All 42 muscle biopsy samples showed rimmed vacuoles. Intranuclear tubulofilamentous inclusions were observed in only 1 of 5 patients. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This study suggests that OPDM_LRP12 is the most frequent OPDM subtype in Japan and is characterized by oculopharyngeal weakness, distal myopathy that especially affects the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles, and rimmed vacuoles in muscle biopsy.

Published
2021
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29. ELectron microscopic abnormality and therapeutic efficacy in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy with anti-neurofascin155 immunoglobulin G4 antibody

Author

Kuwahara, Motoi, primary, Suzuki, Hidekazu, additional, Oka, Nobuyuki, additional, Ogata, Hidenori, additional, Yanagimoto, Satoshi, additional, Sadakane, Shuji, additional, Fukumoto, Yuta, additional, Yamana, Masaki, additional, Yuhara, Yoshiko, additional, Yoshikawa, Keisuke, additional, Morikawa, Miyuki, additional, Kawai, Shigeru, additional, Okazaki, Masahiro, additional, Tsujimoto, Toru, additional, Kira, Jun-Ichi, additional, and Kusunoki, Susumu, additional

Published
2017
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36. Acute demyelinating polyneuropathy induced by nivolumab.

Author

Yuta Fukumoto, Motoi Kuwahara, Shigeru Kawai, Kenji Nakahama, Susumu Kusunoki, Fukumoto, Yuta, Kuwahara, Motoi, Kawai, Shigeru, Nakahama, Kenji, and Kusunoki, Susumu

Subjects
THERAPEUTIC use of monoclonal antibodies, PROGRAMMED cell death 1 receptors, CANCER treatment, NON-small-cell lung carcinoma, CANCER immunotherapy, DEMYELINATION, THERAPEUTICS
Published
2018
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