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Background: Bleeding during nose surgery is very important, because it can cause a problem in the surgeon's field of view and lead to an increase in the probability of surgical complications. The aim of this study was to compare the local effects of tranexamic acid and phenylephrine on bleeding in rhinoplasty. Methods: The present study is a double-blind clinical trial in which 98 patients who were candidates for rhinoplasty Shiraz were randomly divided into 49 groups of phenylephrine and tranexamic acid. In the first group, 1 cc of phenylephrine and in the second group, 1 cc of tranexamic acid was used locally and then the variables in the two groups were compared. The current study was approved by the Iranian Clinical Trial Registration Center with code IRCT20201205049602N1. Results: The average blood pressure and heart rate in the phenylephrine group first increased and then decreased, but in the tranexamic acid group decreased from the beginning to 30 minutes. Based on the results of the test, there was a difference between the two groups in terms of the amount of bleeding, and a statistically significant relationship was observed. The average bleeding volume was lower in the phenylephrine group (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Results of this study showed that the amount of bleeding in the phenylephrine group was lower than that of tranexamic acid. It is recommended to use phenylephrine in rhinoplasty surgery to reduce bleeding and improve the surgeon's vision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Given the dramatic expansion of e-learning in the world and also its increasing use in Iranian universities and considering the fundamental role of students in educational systems, it is necessary to further study the structure of their knowledge and attitude in using e-learning method. The present study was designed to determine the level of satisfaction with virtual education among the students of Larestan University of Medical Sciences in 2021. Methods: The present study is a survey conducted in 2021 on students at Larestan University of Medical Sciences. The sample size was 132 people. Available (convenient) sampling method was used for sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire (Content Validity Ratio=0.99, Cronbach's alpha reliability=0.82) was used to collect data on the students' satisfaction with virtual learning. SPSS software version 25 and independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance were used for statistical analysis. Results: Out of 132 students participating in the present study, 88 (67.70%) were girls. The only correlation was between the students' semester and the total satisfaction score, where the higher the student's semester, the lower their satisfaction was (P=0.002). The overall mean score of satisfaction with virtual learning was 3.02±0.84. Conclusion: In general, due to the significant expansion of virtual education around the world, despite the short life of those efforts to improve the facilities and infrastructure of hardware and network, paying attention to the diversity and appeal of training using diverse solutions, providing appropriate content based on the results of needs assessments, and more interactions between professors and students can lead to the development of this type of education and maximize student satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adolescence can be a critical period during which individuals begin to cope with self-harm behaviors, and the increasing prevalence of suicide and suicidal attempts in this period is quite tangible in different communities. Given the lack of awareness concerning tolerance strategies in individuals with suicidal behavior, we investigated coping strategies in adolescents with suicidal thoughts. Methods: This qualitative research was conducted during January and February 2019 in which we used the method of qualitative content analysis. In this study, 17 adolescents with suicidal ideation referred to Larestan welfare centers, Fars province were interviewed. In addition, one psychologist and 17 parents of the adolescents participated in this research. Purposeful sampling was done. Data collection continued through semi-structured deep interviews until data saturation. Results: Two main themes, namely effective coping strategies with 16 sub-themes and ineffective coping strategies with 12 subthemes were extracted from the data. Conclusions: It was concluded that using appropriate plans to strengthen positive strategies in adolescents, providing them with new positive strategies, and omitting negative strategies can be conducive to preventing suicidal thoughts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Social support perceived by the elderly can reduce mental health problems including depression. In Iranian society, some elderly people spend their elderly years in senior day care centers established to promote social protection for the elderly. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess perceived social support and depression in the elderly members of senior day care centers and compare the results with that of elderly individuals living at nursing homes and at home. Materials and Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 315 elderly people. The participants were selected using stratified random sampling method and a random number table. The data collection tools used consisted of a demographic characteristics questionnaire, the Barthel index for assessing Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Social Support Appraisals (SSS-As) scale, and Geriatric Depression Scale short form (GDS-15). ANOVA, Chi-square, the Pearson correlation coefficient, and linear regression analysis were used to examine the hypotheses. Results: The results showed that with increasing social support, depression decreased in all three groups, which was statistically significant in the two elderly groups living in nursing homes (r = -0.19, p = 0.044) and elderly members of senior day centers (r = -0.18, p = 0.049). Conclusions: According to the results, it can be concluded that senior day care centers have been able to promote perceived social support in the elderly through their participation in daily activities and social activities, and thus were able to reduce depression significantly compared to the other two groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cytotoxic small‐molecule drugs have a major influence on the fate of antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs). An ideal cytotoxic agent should be highly potent, remain stable while linked to ADCs, kill the targeted tumor cell upon internalization and release from the ADCs, and maintain its activity in multidrug‐resistant tumor cells. Lessons learned from successful and failed experiences in ADC development resulted in remarkable progress in the discovery and development of novel highly potent small molecules. A better understanding of such small‐molecule drugs is important for development of effective ADCs. The present review discusses requirements making a payload appropriate for antitumor ADCs and focuses on the main characteristics of commonly‐used cytotoxic payloads that showed acceptable results in clinical trials. In addition, the present study represents emerging trends and recent advances of payloads used in ADCs currently under clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patient's rights as one of the basic pillars in defining the standards of clinical services indicate that the patient's biopsychosocial and spiritual needs are met in the form of standards, rules, and regulations. This study aimed to evaluate the level of awareness and observance of patients' rights by nurses working in hospitals affiliated to Larestan University of Medical Sciences. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 83 clinical nurses were recruited by convenience sampling method. To collect the research data, researcher-made questionnaires, including Patient's Rights Awareness and "Patient's Rights Observance were used. The reliability of the two parts of the questionnaire was reported using Cronbach's alpha coefficients as 0.51 and 0.69, respectively. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS using descriptive and Chi-squared tests. Results: The knowledge of patient rights was poor, moderate, and good in 81.9%, 16.9%, and 1.2% of the nurses, respectively. Additionally, nurses' performance regarding patients' rights was reported as moderate in 83.1%, poor in 13.3%, and good only in 3.6% of them. Chi-squared test results revealed that among the demographic variables, only gender and education were significantly correlated with the knowledge and practice of nurses regarding the observance of patients' rights (P<0.05). Conclusion: The study participants' knowledge of patients' bill of rights was poor, and their observance of patients' rights was moderate; thus, interventions should be performed to prevent the violations of patients' rights. Continuing education programs and in-service training about the observance of the patients' bill of rights should be considered more seriously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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