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This study reports the crystal structures of potassium and cesium salts of adenine (K-adenine and Cs-adenine) from the perspective of the interaction of alkali cations with purine nucleobases. Unlike previously-known guanine salts, both K-adenine and Cs-adenine are anhydrous, with the counter ions (K+ and Cs+) directly coordinating to the ring nitrogens of adenine anions. In both structures, the crystal packing is predominantly determined by cation–anion interactions, with additional stabilization through hydrogen-bonding of neighbouring adenines. Attempts to crystallise either the cesium salt of guanine or the sodium salt of adenine were unsuccessful. To explain this trend, quantum-chemical calculations were performed to rationalise the preferences of sodium, potassium, and cesium cations to coordinate either with water or adenylate/guanylate anions. The exchange energies of cation–anion complexes reveal that sodium cations exhibit a preference for water or guanylate coordination via oxygen, while cesium cations prefer adenylate coordination via nitrogen functions, avoiding water interaction. Potassium exhibits an intermediate trend. Overall, this research offers insights into interactions between alkali-cations and organic anions, aiding the development of new crystalline compounds and co-crystals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Infections caused by Acinetobacter baumannii, particularly those resistant to antibiotics such as carbapenem, have become a global health crisis with a significant mortality rate. Hospital‐acquired pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator‐associated pneumonia (VAP) resulting from the A. baumannii‐calcoaceticus (ABC) complex represent a major clinical challenge. This review aimed to understand the approval process, mechanism of action, therapeutic potential, and future implications of sulbactam‐durlobactam therapy (SUL‐DUR). Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Clinical trials. gov, ICTRP, and CENTRAL were searched for studies on SUL‐DUR for the treatment of hospital‐acquired pneumonia and ventilator‐associated pneumonia. Also, World Health Organization, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention websites were searched for relevant information. Results: SUL‐DUR, marketed as Xacduro, is a novel pharmaceutical combination that functions as a narrow‐spectrum parenterally administered antibiotic. Sulbactam acts as a β‐lactamase inhibitor, whereas durlobactam protects against degradation by A. baumannii enzymes. A phase 1 trial successfully established the safety and tolerability of SUL‐DUR in patients with normal and mild renal impairment. A phase 2 trial demonstrated the safety and tolerability of SUL‐DUR in a larger population with urinary tract infections. A phase 3 trial showed that SUL‐DUR was non‐inferior to colistin in terms of mortality in A. baumannii‐related VAP, HAP, and bacteremia. Conclusion: The combination of sulbactam and durlobactam is a promising treatment option for HAP and VAP caused by ABC complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The neutron skin of atomic nuclei impacts the structure of neutron-rich nuclei, but its accurate measurement is quite challenging. We present predictions for neutron skins and proton radii for light to medium mass nuclei by employing Covariant Density Functional Theory (CDFT) based on density-dependent meson-exchange interaction. Using our microscopic predictions, we find a linear correlation between the neutron skin and the isospin asymmetry. The calculations are also extended to find a linear relationship between proton and neutron radii of mirror nuclei. Using the charge symmetry property of nuclear forces, a correlation between the neutron skin of neutron-rich nuclei and difference between the proton radii of the corresponding mirror pair has also been investigated. The inclusion of ISB term is found to affect the mirror difference charge radii of 4 8 Ca- 4 8 Ni mirror pair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, a simple structure of a four-element multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with dual sharp band rejection for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications has been proposed and experimentally validated. In the proposed design, four identical antenna elements were placed in such a way that it offered high inter-port isolation without extra decoupling structure. In this design Inverted L-type slits were incised on each radiating element to realize dual bands rejection characteristic at WLAN and IEEE INSAT/Super-Extended C bands. Simulated and Measured outcomes show that the designed antenna has an ultrawide operating band (2.93 to 20 GHz) with inter-port isolation of less than -22 dB. The overall size of the designed antenna is 34×39.6 mm2. It is envisaged that the suggested approach will be highly helpful in the development of a realistic high-performance MIMO antenna in terms of parameters like realized gain, efficiency, mean effective gain (MEG), and total active reflection coefficient (TARC). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel dual band antenna with right‐hand circular polarization (RHCP) is fabricated. It consists of a T‐shaped parasitic element on the backside of T‐shaped patch (TSP) and a ground plane. The design comprises a rectangular and CPW fed clearance in the ground plane. The placing of a TSP and connecting rectangular stubs to the ground plane is used to achieve GPS L5 and L2 bands. Circular polarization in GPS L5 and L2 bands is produced by rectangular horizontal stubs and F‐shaped slots (FSS), respectively. The measured results show 34 MHz (1.160–1.194 GHz) and 57 MHz (1.207–1.260 GHz) –10 dB impedance bandwidth and 3‐dB axial ratio bandwidths are 10 MHz (1.174–1.184 GHz) and 10 MHz (1.223–1.233 GHz). It also displays a minimum axial ratio of 1.35 and 0.34 dB with broad beamwidth (>100°) essential for the GPS applications. The final design is verified in the experiment. The advantages of the proposed design are compact size, simple structure, and broad beamwidth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Periodical internal audits evaluate the process flow of transfusion which arrests the spectrum of adverse events. The objective of the study was to provide evidence that blood is being ordered, handled, and administered according to transfusion guidelines and to highlight the deviations with the secondary objective of improving knowledge and practices in nursing officers. Methods: Nursing officers were audited on 50 patients each in P1 and P2 phase. Training of 243 nursing staff was done after P1 phase. Training comprised education and interventions over 45 days -- 18 didactic lectures and 36 bedside classes. Nurses were audited both before and after the completion of the training. Results: One hundred and forty-five nurses had knowledge and practice score in between 11 and 15 in P1 which improved to 243 (100%) in P2. Transfusion order for one patient was not written in P1, whereas 100% compliance was seen in P2. Noncompliance in taking consent for transfusion improved from 5 to 1 in P2. Blood request error and sample labeling error reduced from 8% to 0% and 4% to 0%, respectively, in P2. Sample labeling was inappropriate in 2 patients in P1 which improved to nil in P2. Checking of vital signs check and intravenous cannula patency improved from 96% to 98%. Crosscheck of packed red blood cell nursing officers before transfusion reduced from 8% to 0% and from 30% to 2% among medical officer (P < 0.05). Delay in the initiation of transfusion, reduced from 7 to 2 patients. Conclusion: Timely audit of transfusion practices reduces mistakes and errors hence improved patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]