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Because of the related benefits, green techniques of synthesizing cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co3O4-NPs) have been preferred these days over different methods. The Co3O4-NPs in this study have been produced utilizing the waste peels of Ananas comosus (pineapple) and cobalt (II) chloride as a source of cobalt. Several methods, including Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), UV- spectrophotometer were used to analyze the produced NPs. The produced Co3O4-NPs’ antibacterial properties have been determined against gram positive bacteria and found active against Bacillus subtilis (B.subtilis) via Diffusion from Agar Well Method. This recently created green synthesis technique is not harmful to the environment and may replace physical and chemical processes of Co NPs.

The modification of waste to a bio-based material that is economical, environmentally sustainable, and extremely effective is crucial for organic conversions. For bio waste, that doesn’t decompose easily and have bad impact on environment such as onion peels, a suitable method is introduced which focuses on utilizing onion peels, a commonly discarded agricultural waste, as a valuable resource for antibacterial studies and bio sensing of heavy metals. A comparative study to analyse these properties were done using onion peel extract and saponified onion peels. The saponified material was obtained by treating onion peels (Allium cepa) with sodium hydroxide in the presence of calcium carbonate. The popularity of saponification reaction and saponified material is rising because of their special qualities and uses as disinfectants, surfactants, antifungal agents, in drugs for target based delivery etc. The saponified onion peels was analyzed by FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), and XRD (X-ray diffraction), EDX (energy-dispersive X-ray), SEM (scanning electron microscopy). Furthermore, against Bacillus subtilis (Gram positive), antibacterial activity of onion extract and saponified onion peels were studied. In comparative study onion peel extract shows better inhibition zone then saponified onion peels. Bio sensing of heavy metals were done by using these materials, onion peel extract shows visual colour change with Nickel chloride (NiCl2), Cobalt chloride (CoCl2), Potassium bromide (KBr), Manganese sulphate (MnSO4), Mercury chloride (HgCl2) and Copper sulphate (CuSO4) metal salts.

This work describes the synthesis and characterization of manganese (II) imidazolate framework (MIF) using an environmentally friendly approach. The MIF, which is novel compound was synthesized for the first time using water as the solvent and imidazole as the ligand under temperate reaction conditions. The synthesized MIF was characterized by multitude of analytical techniques, considering (powder) X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The characterization results disclosed that the synthesized MIF has a well-defined crystalline structure with metal-ligand bonding. Additionally, the MIF exhibited excellent gas adsorption19) properties for various gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane. The findings of this study demonstrate the potential of using green synthesis methods for the development of highly functional materials with various practical applications, including catalysis, gas storage, and separation.