Search

Background/aims: India's linguistic and cultural diversity necessitates a region-specific validated Visual Functioning Questionnaire. The objective of this study was to translate the Indian Vision Function Questionnaire-33 (IND-VFQ-33) into the Kannada language and test its psychometric properties, underlying factor structure, and model fit., Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 330 participants, and basic psychometric properties (reliability, convergent, discriminant, construct validity, responsiveness, etc.) were assessed. The underlying factor structure was evaluated by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and model fit by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA)., Results: The Kannada version of IND-VFQ-33 exhibited robust psychometric properties [excellent content validity, reliability (Cronbach α = 0.91), test-retest reliability (RhoS = 0.99; P < 0.001), convergent (RhoS = 0.58; P < 0.001), and discriminant validity (RhoS = 0.06; P = 0.274)]. On EFA, items in the general functioning subscale fell into two categories, namely "Mobility" (10 items: Q1, Q2, Q4-Q9, Q15, and Q16) and "Daily Activities" (8 items: Q3, Q10, Q11, and Q17-Q21), and two other subscales "psycho-social impact" subscale (Q22-Q26) and the "visual symptoms" subscale (Q27-Q32, excluding Q33). Thus, a new Kannada-translated VFQ-29 questionnaire was derived with excellent psychometric properties. All observed variables showed significant factor loadings on their respective latent constructs (>0.50), establishing convergent validity on CFA by using the structural equation model. The model-fit to the data assessed by various indices [Root Mean Squared Error of Approximation = 0.08 (90% CI: 0.081-0.091); Comparative Fit Index = 0.877; Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.866; Akaike's Information Criterion = 23447.133; Bayesian Information Criterion = 23800.45, and Coefficient of Determination = 0.998] demonstrated acceptable fit., Conclusion: The refined 29-item Kannada-translated IND-VFQ model not only offers an improved factor structure across four subscales but also consistently demonstrates excellent reliability, convergent and discriminant validity, and responsiveness., (Copyright © 2024 Indian Journal of Ophthalmology.)

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to present the clinico-demographic characteristics of pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK), its visual outcomes, factors associated with the choice of treatment, and poor visual outcomes of PBK., Methods: In this hospital-based retrospective study, electronic medical records data of new patients who presented to a multi-tier ophthalmology hospital network in India (November 2010-June 2022) were extracted. Patients with at least 4 weeks of follow-up were analyzed for visual outcome data. Bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used to determine the factors associated with the treatment choice and poor visual outcomes., Results: Of the 3,323,247 electronic records (with an average follow-up of 293 days) examined, 10,522 eyes of 10,158 patients (0.3%) had PBK. The majority were managed non-surgically (n = 7372; 70.1%), with increased odds of poor visual outcome by 3.46 times (AdjOR: 3.04-3.92, P < 0.001). Those belonging to the non-paying category had higher odds of poor visual outcome (AdjOR: 1.48, 95%CI: 1.29-1.69; P < 0.001). Surgical management improved vision by 0.72 logMAR (95%CI: 0.60-0.73; P < 0.001). A total of 41.2% (n = 113/274) of cases that underwent Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty and 18.4% (n = 285/1551) of Descemet's stripping endothelial keratoplasty attained last follow-up visual acuity (LVA) of 6/18 or better., Conclusion: About three in every thousand patients had PBK. Surgical interventions improved visual acuity significantly. About four in ten patients who underwent DMEK attained a vision of 6/18 or better at the last follow-up visit. Markers of lower socioeconomic strata were independently associated with poor visual outcomes., (Copyright © 2024 Copyright: © 2024 Indian Journal of Ophthalmology.)