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Research question (RQ): What is the connection between social factors and life satisfaction in old age? Purpose: The purpose of this research was to establish the influence of social factors on life satisfaction in old age. Method: The quantitative research method was used, a causal non-experimental method. As sampling data technique we used the technique of a survey questionnaire in ten statistical regions. For the analysis of causal effects and conditional associations we used the advanced statistical propensity score methods (Rubin, 2006). From the statistical set a simple random sample was chosen, we decided on proportionate stratification. For measuring life satisfaction we used Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener), to which we added questions in order to study social factors. The research included 656 older adults aged 65 years and above, living in the home environment or in social care institutions. Results: Closely connected to life satisfaction in old age is the living conditions index (housing conditions, environment, financial situation, safety), whereas the lifestyle index (physical activity, nutrition, smoking, alcohol consumption) is less closely connected. Discussion: Life satisfaction in old age is importantly influenced by social factors – suitable living conditions and less influenced by a healthy lifestyle, both of which allow for a quality life also in old age. Society: The research has an important influence on the society, as too little attention is being devoted to the phenomenon of ageing. By alerting the public we wish to contribute towards the detabuisation of ageing and ageism. For the stable healthcare system it is important that older adults remain healthy, independent and satisfied. Originality: The originality of the research is in the studying of social factor in the holistic model of satisfaction with life in the old age, which also includes physical, psychological and spiritual factors. Limitations/further research: The conducted research has its limitations in the chosen methodology and sample size. The results are the result of analysis, which was made on well-balanced study plan, therefore the results can be generalized to the population of older adults (65 years and above). In the future it will be necessary to pay attention to the study of elements of respective social factors indexes, and their influence on life satisfaction.

Introduction: Measurement of patient satisfaction with health services is an important development indicator of any healthcare system. Patient satisfaction is a significant and widely used indicator for measuring the quality of health services. The article focuses on the satisfaction of the citizens of the Republic of Slovenia with the current health system.Methods: Non-experimental descriptive sampling research method and a structured survey questionnaire as a metrics tool were used. The snowball sampling method was used. In total, 693 people responded to an online questionnaire, of which 488 answers were valid. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, correlational analysis, factor analysis and linear regression analysis. Results: The respondents mostly value a friendly and respectful attitude of healthcare workers, and their availability to give first aid. However, the respondents negatively evaluated the time spent waiting for the medical examination in the waiting room, telephone unavailability, indifference to patients' personal situation and the short examination time with a doctor. Therefore, the most important variables that influence patient satisfaction are: the time spent waiting to be examined in the waiting room, sufficient time that doctors allocate to one patient, interest in personal matters, confidence in professional decisions made by the medical staff, patient involvement in their treatment and a sense of complete trust.Discussion and conclusion: Within the healthcare system, healthcare professionals can have a significant impact on patient satisfaction. A focus on high quality treatment and respectful communication increases the patients' trust in the healthcare system and in the professional decisions made by healthcare professionals, which may significantly impact the success of treatment. Uvod: Merjenje zadovoljstva pacientov z zdravstvenimi storitvami je pomemben kazalec razvoja vsakega zdravstvenega sistema. Zadovoljstvo pacientov je pomemben in pogosto uporabljen indikator za merjenje kakovosti zdravstvene oskrbe. Prispevek se osredotoča na ugotavljanje zadovoljstva državljanov Republike Slovenije s trenutnim zdravstvenim sistemom.Metode: Uporabljena je bila deskriptivna neeksperimentalna vzorčna metoda. Merski instrument je bil strukturiran vprašalnik. Uporabljena je bila metoda snežene kepe. Na spletni vprašalnik je skupno odgovorilo 693 oseb, 488 oseb je vprašalnik v celoti izpolnilo. Podatki so bili analizirani z opisno statistiko, korelacijsko analizo, faktorsko analizo in linearno regresijsko analizo. Rezultati: Sodelujoči v raziskavi v največji meri cenijo prijazen in spoštljiv odnos zdravstvenih delavcev ter njihovo razpoložljivost za hitro pomoč. Negativno ocenjujejo čakanje na obravnavo v čakalnici, telefonsko nedosegljivost, nezanimanje za osebne razmere pacienta in kratek čas obravnave pri zdravniku. Med najpomembnejše spremenljivke, ki vplivajo na zadovoljstvo pacientov, lahko uvrstimo: čakanje v čakalnici na pregled, dovolj časa, ki ga zdravnik nameni pacientu, zanimanje za osebne razmere, zaupanje v strokovne odločitve zdravstvenega osebja, vključevanje v odločanje o zdravljenju in občutek popolnega zaupanja.Diskusija in zaključek: Zdravstveni delavci lahko v zdravstvenem sistemu pomembno vplivajo na zadovoljstvo pacientov. Usmerjenost v kakovostno obravnavo in spoštljivo komunikacijo povečuje zaupanje pacientov v zdravstveni sistem in zaupanje v strokovne odločitve zdravstvenega osebja, kar pa lahko ključno vpliva na uspešnost zdravstvene obravnave posameznika.

ERASMUS+ KA2: Strategic partnership. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECT: QUALITY MENTORSHIP FOR DEVELOPING COMPETENT NURSING STUDENTS. "This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein."

The aim of the study was to identify how chronical illnesses influence the quality of life of the elderly. Data collection was based on quantitative research approach. The descriptive causal non-experimental method was used. In order to establish the quality of life of the respondents, SF 36 questionnaire was used. The final sample consisted of 100 respondents above the age of 65, 38 % of whom were men and 62 % women. With the Pearson correlation coefficient we established the correlation between the two variables (the number of chronic illnesses and the number od achieved points when evaluating the quality of life level). The results have shown that with the increased number of chronic illnesses there is a decrease in the quality of life level in all the measured areas of health, that the component %physical health% was lower rated than the component %mental health%, and that the quality of life is higher in men. Taking into consideration the measured areas of health, we have discovered that at the occurrence of a chronic illness not only nursing care (physical support) is neccessary, but also psychological, emotional and social care and support. Z raziskavo smo želeli ugotoviti, kako so kronične bolezni povezane s kakovostjo življenja starih ljudi. Zbiranje podatkov je temeljilo na kvantitativnem raziskovalnem pristopu. Za ugotavljanje kakovosti življenja smo uporabili SF 36 vprašalnik. V raziskavo je bilo vključenih 100 anketirancev, starejših od 65 let, 38 % moških in 62 % žensk. S Pearsonovim koeficientom korelacije smo ugotavljali povezanost med številom kroničnih bolezni in številom doseženih točk v oceni stopnje kakovosti življenja. Rezultati so pokazali, da se z večanjem števila kroničnih bolezni zmanjšuje stopnja kakovosti življenja na vseh merjenih področjih zdravja, da je komponenta fizično zdravje nižje ocenjena kot komponenta mentalno zdravje in da je kakovost življenja višja pri moških. Z ozirom na merjena področja zdravja smo ugotovili, da so ob pojavu kronične bolezni potrebne ne le zdravstvena oskrba (fizična podpora), temveč tudi psihična, čustvena in socialna oskrba.

Teoretična izhodišča: Vodenje je sposobnost vplivati, spodbujati in usmerjati sodelavce k želenim ciljem (Možina, 1994). Karierno sidro je nekakšna posameznikova podoba o sebi, njegov lasten pogled na to, kaj hoče in v čem je dober. Z zadovoljevanjem določenega kariernega sidra posameznik uresničuje svojo samopodobo. Metoda: Raziskava je temeljila na deskriptivni (opisni) in kavzalno-neeksperimentalni metodi empiričnega raziskovanja. Z njo smo želeli ugotoviti in identificirati stile vodenja in karierna sidra pri vodilnih medicinskih sestrah v slovenskih bolnišnicah. Kot instrument smo uporabili anketni vprašalnik, ki je bil razdeljen v sedem tematskih sklopov. Od 308 poslanih vprašalnikov smo dobili vrnjenih 184, kar predstavlja 60 % realizacijo vzorca. Cronbach¨s Alpha je bil 0,904. Z analizo razsevnega diagrama, preizkušanjem Crombachovega koeficienta in vizualno analizo smo izločili štiri bolnišnice, ker odgovori niso bili popolni oz. so imeli preveč osamelcev, tako da je v nadaljnji statistični analizi sodelovalo 19 slovenskih bolnišnic od prvotno 23. Uporabili smo statistični program SPSS 15.0. Rezultati: Na podlagi statistične obdelave podatkov smo ugotovili, da vodilne medicinske sestre uporabljajo tranformacijski model vodenja (PV=4,60). Identificirali smo, da pri vodilnih medicinskih sestrah prevladujeta zavzeti (PV=4,08) in združevalni stil vodenja (PV=3,99). Najmanj uporabljajo vodenje brez vajeti — laissez faire. Pri vodilnih medicinskih sestrah, ne glede na nivo vodenja, smo identificirali, da je prevladujoče karierno sidro, sidro življenjskega sloga (29,9 %), sledi sidro predanosti (19 %) in tehnično funkcionalno sidro ali sidro specialista v 16 %. Pri glavnih medicinskih sestrah bolnišnic smo identificirali šest kariernih sider, pri glavnih medicinskih sestrah oddelkov pa vseh osem kariernih sider. Pri medicinskih sestrah prvega nivoja vodenja prevladuje tehnično funkcionalno sidro ali sidro specialista (31,6 %), identificirali nismo kariernega sidra podjetniške ustvarjalnosti ter varnosti in stabilnosti. Na drugem nivoju vodenja prevladuje kot vodilno sidro sidro življenjskega sloga. Menedžersko karierno sidro je prisotno pri treh vodilnih medicinskih sestrah, od tega na prvem nivoju vodenja eno. Povzetek razprave: Ugotovili smo, da je pri vodilnih medicinskih sestrah v slovenskih bolnišnicah prisotnih vseh osem kariernih sider po Scheinu, vendar obstaja pri tem razlika, če ločimo glavne medicinske sestre glede na nivo vodenja. Slovenske bolnišnice vodijo glavne medicinske sestre (pomočnice direktorjev za zdravstveno nego), pri katerih je vodilno karierno sidro, tehnično funkcionalno ali sidro specialista, za katero je značilno, da je v diametralnem nasprotju z menedžerskim sidrom. Ugotavljamo, da glavne medicinske sestre bolnišnic vidijo sebe (svojo podobo) kot strokovnjakinje, ki so rade dobre v tem, kar počnejo na svojem področju dela, da želijo svoje delo opravljati kakovostno, vendar ključ njihove motivacije nista vodenje in odgovornost. Sebe vidijo kot osebe, ki želijo pomagati in služiti drugim in smatrajo delo kot del njihovega življenja. Pomembna vrednota zanje je tudi prosti čas. Theoretical standpoints: Leadership is a capability of influencing, stimulating and orienting associates towards desired goals. Career anchor is an individual's self-image, her/his own view of what she/he wants and what she/he is good at. Achievement of a defined career anchor enables a person realisation of her/his self-image. Method: This research was based on a descriptive and causal-non-experimental method for empirical research. It was used for identifying of the leadership styles and career anchors of the nurses in Slovene hospitals. A questionnaire divided into seven themes was used as an instrument. Out of 308 questionnaires, 184 were sent back, i.e. 60 % of the sample. Cronbach’s Alpha was 0,904. After analysis of the scattered diagram, Crombach coefficient testing and visual analysis, four hospitals were excluded because of incomplete or no answers. Therefore, 19 out of 23 surveys from Slovene hospitals were statistically analysed. Statistical program SPSS was applied. Results: Statistically analysed data highlighted that managerial nurses used transformational leadership model (M=4.60). It was found out that managerial nurses prevail dedication (M=4,08) and joint leadership style (M=3.99). Leadership style laissez-faire is used least. In managerial nurses, regardless their management level, lifestyle career anchor was identified as prevailing one (29.9 %), followed by dedication anchor (19 %) and technical/functional anchor or specialist anchor (16 %). In nurses in charge of hospitals, six career anchors were identified, and in senior nurses in charge of wards, all eight career anchors were identified. At the first level managerial nurses technical/functional anchor or a specialist anchor prevailed (31.6 %). Entrepreneurial creativity and security/stability career anchors were not identified. At the second managerial level prevailed lifestyle career anchor. Managerial career anchor is present in three managerial nurses, out of which in one at the first managerial level. Summary of discussion: It is found out that there are all eight career anchors, according to Schein, present in managerial nurses in Slovene hospitals. However, there is a difference regarding nurses' managerial levels. Nurses, who are usually directors’ assistants for nursing, are in charge of Slovene hospitals. Their most important career anchors are technical/functional or specialist anchor, which are diametrical opposite managerial anchor. It is recognised that hospital managerial nurses perceive themselves (their self-image) as professionals who are good at their field of work, they strive for quality performance, but the key of their motivation are not management and responsibility. They perceive themselves as individuals who want to help and serve to others, considering their work as part of their life, also considering their free time as an important value.

Timsko delo je eden od načinov za soočanje z delovnimi izzivi v organizaciji. Na podlagi anketnega vprašalnika smo med študenti 3. letnika visokošolskega strokovnega študijskega programa Zdravstvena nega ugotavljali njihov pogled na timsko metodo dela. Za empirični prikaz pilotske študije smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo raziskovanja. Podatki so bili statistično obdelani s pomočjo programa SPSS. Ugotovili smo, da imajo študenti zdravstvene nege pozitiven odnos do timske metode dela. Razlikujejo med timom in skupino, vendar menijo, da je vodja tisti, ki sprejema odločitve v timu. Na uspešno timsko delo po njihovem mnenju vplivajo naslednji dejavniki: medsebojno zaupanje in sodelovanje v timu, sproščena komunikacija brez strahu pred vodjo in sodelavci, medsebojni odnosi v timu, uspešen vodja tima, znanje članov tima, jasna opredeljenost vlog v timu in pohvala za učinkovito delo. Rezultati raziskave so vzpodbudno in kažejo, da študenti pozitivno sprejemajo timsko metodo dela, ki je imperativ sodobnega časa.

The present article presents the spiral of knowledge as a modern model of organizational learning. A practical case of a nurse in an organizational unitis also presented. Knowledge itself is not sufficient, it has to be passedon to the others. In such a way, new quality is acquired, but one shouldbe also able to use the acquired knowledge. Organizational learning alsoincludes the ability to react to the changes in the environment and the ability to solve problems and difficulties and represents an indispensable element and tool which enables an organization to survive in its environment. lt is a dynamic process of creation, acquisition and distribution of knowledge. V prispevku je predstavljena spirala znanja kot sodoben model organizacijskegaučenja. Prikazan je praktičen primer medicinske sestre v organizacijski enoti. Bistvo spirale znanja je, da pridobljeno znanje posameznika ni dovolj, potreben je prenos na druge. S tem dobimo novo kakovost, vendar moramo biti poleg tega znanje sposobni uporabiti. Organizacijsko učenje pomeni zaznavanje in odzivanje na sprernernbe v okolju, zmožnost reševanja problemov in težav. Je nujen element in orodje preživetja organizacije v okolju. Gre za dinamičen proces ustvarjanja, pridobivanja in posredovanja znanja.

The article presents management in education and education itself as one of the aspects of socialization which encompasses the achievement of knowledge and skills. In the Health Centre in Maribor we tried to assess attitudes of nurses and nursing technicians to life-long learning. For the presentation of the problem, non-experimental causal method was used. It was found out that nurses and nursing technicians appreciate professional education and learning in nursing care highly, but their active participation in the process is too low. Their use of computers and internet in the education process is too low. It is their families that entice education in the highest proportion. In relation to their education the carriers of nursing care expressed satisfaction which indicates that work posts in nursing care are adequately systemized. They also expressed their opinion that additional knowledge would be required for higher quality of work and that their home institution enablesand pays the expenses in most cases. V članku je predstavljen management v izobraževanju in izobraževanje kot eden od vidikov socializacije, ki vključuje pridobivanje znanja in učenje veščin. VZdravstvenem domu Maribor smo ugotavljali stališča medicinskih sester in zdravstvenih tehnikov do vseživljenjskega izobraževanja. Za prikaz raziskovalnega problema smo uporabili neeksperimentalno - kavzalno metodo raziskovanja. Ugotovili smo, da medicinske sestre in zdravstveni tehniki pripisujejo velik pomen strokovnemu izpopolnjevanju in izobraževanju v zdravstveni negi. Premalo se aktivno udeležujejo strokovnih izpopolnjevanj z lastnim prispevkom ter premalo uporabljajo računalnik in internet v izobraževalne namene. Največjo vzpodbudo pri izpopolnjevanju in izobraževanju najdejo pri družini. Z delovnim mestom glede na izobrazbo so izvajalci zdravstvene nege zadovoljni, kar pomeni, da so delovna mesta v zdravstveni negi ustrezno sistemizirana. Navajajo, da so dodatna znanja potrebna za večjo kakovost dela v stroki in da jim je omogočeno kontinuirano strokovno izpopolnjevanje s strani zavoda, ki v večini krije njihove stroške strokovnegaizpopolnjevanja.

Continuous negative stress causes the burn out syndrome. The article presents basic features of the burn out syndrome. The aim of the research study was to determine the burden in a part of the community nursing team in Adolf Drolc Health Centre. Nenehni negativni stres vodi do procesa izgorelosti ali sindroma "burnout". Članek prikazuje osnovne značilnosti sindroma izgorelosti. Z izvedbo raziskovalne študije sem želel ugotoviti obremenitve pri delu članov negovalnega tima v patronažnem varstvu Zdravstvenega doma dr. Adolfa Drolca Maribor.