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Physical inactivity has reached epidemic proportions in modern society. Abundant evidence points to a causal link between physical inactivity and increased risk for numerous noncommunicable diseases, such as some types of cancer and heart disease, as well as premature mortality. Yet, despite this overwhelming evidence, many individuals do not meet the recommended amount of physical activity required to achieve maximum health benefits. Because primary care physicians' advice is highly regarded, clinicians have the unique opportunity to play an important role in enabling patients to modify their behavior at the point of care with the goal of guiding patients to adopt and maintain an active lifestyle. In the current study, the authors evaluate pertinent literature from the fields of medicine/public health and economics/psychology to suggest a comprehensive approach to physical activity counseling at the primary care level. They first examine the public health approach to physical activity counseling, and then proceed to offer insights from behavioral economics, an emerging field that combines principles from psychology and economics. The application of key behavioral economics tools (eg, precommitment contracts, framing) to physical activity counseling in primary care is elaborated. CA Cancer J Clin 2017;67:233-244. © 2017 American Cancer Society.

We had earlier reported estimates of any conditions affecting risk for complications from coronavirus disease (COVID-19) (hypertension, cancer, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease) on the basis [...]

Data for China indicate that 81% of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients had mild cases, 14% had severe cases, and 5% had critical cases (1,2). The overall case-fatality rate (CFR) in [...]

Objective: School-based nutrition education can promote the development of skills, such as food label reading, that can contribute to making healthier food choices. The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability of a Russian language version of the previously validated Food Label Literacy for Applied Nutrition Knowledge (FLLANK) questionnaire and also to evaluate the impact of school-based nutrition education programmes on nutrition knowledge and food label-reading skills in Russian adolescents and young adults. Methods: Two nutrition education study programmes were administered to two separate groups of students--at a middle school (n?=?23) and a university (n?=?17). The study programmes consisted of a single 2-hour classroom session and emphasised basic nutrition and food components. The FLLANK questionnaire was administered to both groups of students before and after the intervention to assess change in food label-reading skills. Cronbach's a was calculated for the post-test scores to assess the instrument's internal consistency. Results: Middle school students increased their mean FLLANK scores from 54% to 95% (p?<0.01). University students increased their scores from 46% to 91% (p?<0.01). In the school group only, there was an interaction between time and gender, with boys improving significantly more than girls (p?

Like every other emergency physician in the country, I occasionally needed to treat epistaxis - a severe nosebleed, or nasal hemorrhage. Like every other emergency physician in the country, I had recourse to a 4% solution of cocaine and cotton swabs for that purpose. Episodically and for years, I have railed against the inconsistences, and even overt illogic, that ensue when we humans make decisions, and policy, independently of principle. In an age where quite fundamental change in prevailing practice is driven by private sector activity, such as the burgeoning array of digital therapeutics[16] - CME sanctimony that precludes education in this watershed is a threat to the standard of care. [Extracted from the article]