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1. A novel framework to generate plant functional groups for ecological modelling

Author: Calbi, M., Boenisch, G., Boulangeat, I., Bunker, D., Catford, J.A., Changenet, A., Culshaw, V., Dias, A.S., Hauck, T., Joschinski, J., Kattge, J., Mimet, A., Pianta, M., Poschlod, P., Weisser, W.W., and Roccotiello, E.
Published: 2024
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2. A reporting format for leaf-level gas exchange data and metadata

Author: Ely, KS, Rogers, A, Agarwal, DA, Ainsworth, EA, Albert, LP, Ali, A, Anderson, J, Aspinwall, MJ, Bellasio, C, Bernacchi, C, Bonnage, S, Buckley, TN, Bunce, J, Burnett, AC, Busch, FA, Cavanagh, A, Cernusak, LA, Crystal-Ornelas, R, Damerow, J, Davidson, KJ, De Kauwe, MG, Dietze, MC, Domingues, TF, Dusenge, ME, Ellsworth, DS, Evans, JR, Gauthier, PPG, Gimenez, BO, Gordon, EP, Gough, CM, Halbritter, AH, Hanson, DT, Heskel, M, Hogan, JA, Hupp, JR, Jardine, K, Kattge, J, Keenan, T, Kromdijk, J, Kumarathunge, DP, Lamour, J, Leakey, ADB, LeBauer, DS, Li, Q, Lundgren, MR, McDowell, N, Meacham-Hensold, K, Medlyn, BE, Moore, DJP, Negrón-Juárez, R, Niinemets, Ü, Osborne, CP, Pivovaroff, AL, Poorter, H, Reed, SC, Ryu, Y, Sanz-Saez, A, Schmiege, SC, Serbin, SP, Sharkey, TD, Slot, M, Smith, NG, Sonawane, BV, South, PF, Souza, DC, Stinziano, JR, Stuart-Haëntjens, E, Taylor, SH, Tejera, MD, Uddling, J, Vandvik, V, Varadharajan, C, Walker, AP, Walker, BJ, Warren, JM, Way, DA, Wolfe, BT, Wu, J, Wullschleger, SD, Xu, C, Yan, Z, and Yang, D
Subjects: Photosynthesis, Carbon dioxide, Irradiance, Data reporting format, Metadata, Data standard, Ecology, Biological Sciences, Information and Computing Sciences
Abstract: Leaf-level gas exchange data support the mechanistic understanding of plant fluxes of carbon and water. These fluxes inform our understanding of ecosystem function, are an important constraint on parameterization of terrestrial biosphere models, are necessary to understand the response of plants to global environmental change, and are integral to efforts to improve crop production. Collection of these data using gas analyzers can be both technically challenging and time consuming, and individual studies generally focus on a small range of species, restricted time periods, or limited geographic regions. The high value of these data is exemplified by the many publications that reuse and synthesize gas exchange data, however the lack of metadata and data reporting conventions make full and efficient use of these data difficult. Here we propose a reporting format for leaf-level gas exchange data and metadata to provide guidance to data contributors on how to store data in repositories to maximize their discoverability, facilitate their efficient reuse, and add value to individual datasets. For data users, the reporting format will better allow data repositories to optimize data search and extraction, and more readily integrate similar data into harmonized synthesis products. The reporting format specifies data table variable naming and unit conventions, as well as metadata characterizing experimental conditions and protocols. For common data types that were the focus of this initial version of the reporting format, i.e., survey measurements, dark respiration, carbon dioxide and light response curves, and parameters derived from those measurements, we took a further step of defining required additional data and metadata that would maximize the potential reuse of those data types. To aid data contributors and the development of data ingest tools by data repositories we provided a translation table comparing the outputs of common gas exchange instruments. Extensive consultation with data collectors, data users, instrument manufacturers, and data scientists was undertaken in order to ensure that the reporting format met community needs. The reporting format presented here is intended to form a foundation for future development that will incorporate additional data types and variables as gas exchange systems and measurement approaches advance in the future. The reporting format is published in the U.S. Department of Energy's ESS-DIVE data repository, with documentation and future development efforts being maintained in a version control system.
Published: 2021

3. Global plant trait relationships extend to the climatic extremes of the tundra biome.

Author: Thomas, H, Bjorkman, A, Myers-Smith, I, Elmendorf, S, Kattge, J, Diaz, S, Vellend, M, Blok, D, Cornelissen, J, Forbes, B, Henry, G, Hollister, R, Normand, S, Prevéy, J, Rixen, C, Schaepman-Strub, G, Wilmking, M, Wipf, S, Cornwell, W, Beck, P, Georges, D, Goetz, S, Guay, K, Rüger, N, Soudzilovskaia, N, Spasojevic, Marko, Alatalo, J, Alexander, H, Anadon-Rosell, A, Angers-Blondin, S, Te Beest, M, Berner, L, Björk, R, Buchwal, A, Buras, A, Carbognani, M, Christie, K, Collier, L, Cooper, E, Elberling, B, Eskelinen, A, Frei, E, Grau, O, Grogan, P, Hallinger, M, Heijmans, M, Hermanutz, L, Hudson, J, Johnstone, J, Hülber, K, Iturrate-Garcia, M, Iversen, C, Jaroszynska, F, Kaarlejarvi, E, Kulonen, A, Lamarque, L, Lantz, T, Lévesque, E, Little, C, Michelsen, A, Milbau, A, Nabe-Nielsen, J, Nielsen, S, Ninot, J, Oberbauer, S, Olofsson, J, Onipchenko, V, Petraglia, A, Rumpf, S, Shetti, R, Speed, J, Suding, K, Tape, K, Tomaselli, M, Trant, A, Treier, U, Tremblay, M, Venn, S, Vowles, T, Weijers, S, Wookey, P, Zamin, T, Bahn, M, Blonder, Benjamin, van Bodegom, P, Bond-Lamberty, B, Campetella, G, Cerabolini, B, Chapin, F, Craine, J, Dainese, M, Green, W, Jansen, S, Kleyer, M, Manning, P, Niinemets, Ü, Onoda, Y, Ozinga, W, Peñuelas, J, and Poschlod, P
Subjects: Climate, Ecosystem, Plant Development, Plants, Tundra
Abstract: The majority of variation in six traits critical to the growth, survival and reproduction of plant species is thought to be organised along just two dimensions, corresponding to strategies of plant size and resource acquisition. However, it is unknown whether global plant trait relationships extend to climatic extremes, and if these interspecific relationships are confounded by trait variation within species. We test whether trait relationships extend to the cold extremes of life on Earth using the largest database of tundra plant traits yet compiled. We show that tundra plants demonstrate remarkably similar resource economic traits, but not size traits, compared to global distributions, and exhibit the same two dimensions of trait variation. Three quarters of trait variation occurs among species, mirroring global estimates of interspecific trait variation. Plant trait relationships are thus generalizable to the edge of global trait-space, informing prediction of plant community change in a warming world.
Published: 2020

4. Traditional plant functional groups explain variation in economic but not size-related traits across the tundra biome.

Author: Thomas, HJD, Myers-Smith, IH, Bjorkman, AD, Elmendorf, SC, Blok, D, Cornelissen, JHC, Forbes, BC, Hollister, RD, Normand, S, Prevéy, JS, Rixen, C, Schaepman-Strub, G, Wilmking, M, Wipf, S, Cornwell, WK, Kattge, J, Goetz, SJ, Guay, KC, Alatalo, JM, Anadon-Rosell, A, Angers-Blondin, S, Berner, LT, Björk, RG, Buchwal, A, Buras, A, Carbognani, M, Christie, K, Siegwart Collier, L, Cooper, EJ, Eskelinen, A, Frei, ER, Grau, O, Grogan, P, Hallinger, M, Heijmans, MMPD, Hermanutz, L, Hudson, JMG, Hülber, K, Iturrate-Garcia, M, Iversen, CM, Jaroszynska, F, Johnstone, JF, Kaarlejärvi, E, Kulonen, A, Lamarque, LJ, Lévesque, E, Little, CJ, Michelsen, A, Milbau, A, Nabe-Nielsen, J, Nielsen, SS, Ninot, JM, Oberbauer, SF, Olofsson, J, Onipchenko, VG, Petraglia, A, Rumpf, SB, Semenchuk, PR, Soudzilovskaia, NA, Spasojevic, MJ, Speed, JDM, Tape, KD, Te Beest, M, Tomaselli, M, Trant, A, Treier, UA, Venn, S, Vowles, T, Weijers, S, Zamin, T, Atkin, OK, Bahn, M, Blonder, B, Campetella, G, Cerabolini, BEL, Chapin Iii, FS, Dainese, M, de Vries, FT, Díaz, S, Green, W, Jackson, RB, Manning, P, Niinemets, Ü, Ozinga, WA, Peñuelas, J, Reich, PB, Schamp, B, Sheremetev, S, and van Bodegom, PM
Subjects: cluster analysis, community composition, ecosystem function, plant functional groups, plant functional types, plant traits, tundra biome, vegetation change, Ecology, Ecological Applications, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience
Abstract: AimPlant functional groups are widely used in community ecology and earth system modelling to describe trait variation within and across plant communities. However, this approach rests on the assumption that functional groups explain a large proportion of trait variation among species. We test whether four commonly used plant functional groups represent variation in six ecologically important plant traits.LocationTundra biome.Time periodData collected between 1964 and 2016.Major taxa studied295 tundra vascular plant species.MethodsWe compiled a database of six plant traits (plant height, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen, seed mass) for tundra species. We examined the variation in species-level trait expression explained by four traditional functional groups (evergreen shrubs, deciduous shrubs, graminoids, forbs), and whether variation explained was dependent upon the traits included in analysis. We further compared the explanatory power and species composition of functional groups to alternative classifications generated using post hoc clustering of species-level traits.ResultsTraditional functional groups explained significant differences in trait expression, particularly amongst traits associated with resource economics, which were consistent across sites and at the biome scale. However, functional groups explained 19% of overall trait variation and poorly represented differences in traits associated with plant size. Post hoc classification of species did not correspond well with traditional functional groups, and explained twice as much variation in species-level trait expression.Main conclusionsTraditional functional groups only coarsely represent variation in well-measured traits within tundra plant communities, and better explain resource economic traits than size-related traits. We recommend caution when using functional group approaches to predict tundra vegetation change, or ecosystem functions relating to plant size, such as albedo or carbon storage. We argue that alternative classifications or direct use of specific plant traits could provide new insights for ecological prediction and modelling.
Published: 2019

5. Global patterns of tree wood density

Author: Yang, H., Wang, S., Son, R., Lee, H., Benson, V., Zhang, W., Zhang, Y., Kattge, J., Boenisch, G., Shchepashchenko, D., Karaszewski, Z., Stereńczak, K., Moreno‐Martínez, Á., Nabais, C., Birnbaum, P., Vieilledent, G., Weber, U., Carvalhais, N., Yang, H., Wang, S., Son, R., Lee, H., Benson, V., Zhang, W., Zhang, Y., Kattge, J., Boenisch, G., Shchepashchenko, D., Karaszewski, Z., Stereńczak, K., Moreno‐Martínez, Á., Nabais, C., Birnbaum, P., Vieilledent, G., Weber, U., and Carvalhais, N.
Published: 2024
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6. A plant growth form dataset for the New World

Author: Engemann, K., Sandel, B., Boyle, B., Enquist, B. J., Jørgensen, P. M., Kattge, J., McGill, B. J., Morueta-Holme, N., Peet, R. K., Spencer, N. J., Violle, C., Wiser, S. K., and Svenning, J.-C.
Published: 2016

7. Is Australia weird? A cross-continental comparison of biological, geological and climatological features

Author: Flores-Moreno, H., Dalrymple, R., Cornwell, W., Popovic, G., Nakagawa, S., Atkinson, J., Cooke, J., Laffan, S., Bonser, S., Schwanz, L., Crean, A., Eldridge, D., Garratt, M., Brooks, R., Vergés, A., Poore, A., Cohen, D., Clark, G., Gupta, A., Reich, P., Cornelissen, J., Craine, J., Hemmings, F., Kattge, J., Niinemets, Ü., Peñuelas, J., and Moles, A.
Subjects: Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: Australia’s distinctive biogeography means that it is sometimes considered an ecologically unique continent with biological and abiotic features that are not comparable to those observed in the rest of the world. This leaves some researchers unclear as to whether findings from Australia apply to systems elsewhere (or vice-versa), which has consequences for the development of ecological theory and the application of ecological management principles. We analyzed 594,612 observations spanning 85 variables describing global climate, soil, geochemistry, plants, animals, and ecosystem function to test if Australia is broadly different to the other continents and compare how different each continent is from the global mean. We found significant differences between Australian and global means for none of 15 climate variables, only seven of 25 geochemistry variables, three of 16 soil variables, five of 12 plant trait variables, four of 11 animal variables, and one of five ecosystem function variables. Seven of these differences remained significant when we adjusted for multiple hypothesis testing: high soil pH, high soil concentrations of sodium and strontium, a high proportion of nitrogen-fixing plants, low plant leaf nitrogen concentration, low annual production rate to birth in mammals, and low marine productivity. Our analyses reveal numerous similarities between Australia and Africa and highlight dissimilarities between continents in the northern vs. southern hemispheres. Australia ranked the most distinctive continent for 26 variables, more often than Europe (15 variables), Africa (13 variables), Asia (12 variables each), South America (11 variables) or North America (8 variables). Australia was distinctive in a range of soil conditions and plant traits, and a few bird and mammal traits, tending to sit at a more extreme end of variation for some variables related to resource availability. However, combined analyses revealed that, overall, Australia is not significantly more different to the global mean than Africa, South America, or Europe. In conclusion, while Australia does have some unique and distinctive features, this is also true for each of the other continents, and the data do not support the idea that Australia is an overall outlier in its biotic or abiotic characteristics.
Published: 2023
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8. Functional community structure, climate and NDVI for selected sPlot locations [Dataset]

Author: Engel, Thore, Bruelheide, H., Hoss, D., Sabatini, F.M., Altman, J., Arfin-Khan, M.A.S., Bergmeier, E., Černý, T., Chytrý, M., Dainese, M., Dengler, J., Dolezal, J., Field, R., Fischer, F.M., Huygens, D., Jandt, U., Jansen, F., Jentsch, A., Karger, D.N., Kattge, J., Lenoir, J., Lens, F., Loos, J., Niinemets, Ü., Overbeck, G.E., Ozinga, W.A., Penuelas, J., Peyre, G., Phillips, O., Reich, P.B., Römermann, C., Sandel, B., Schmidt, M., Schrodt, F., Velez-Martin, E., Violle, C., Pillar, V., Engel, Thore, Bruelheide, H., Hoss, D., Sabatini, F.M., Altman, J., Arfin-Khan, M.A.S., Bergmeier, E., Černý, T., Chytrý, M., Dainese, M., Dengler, J., Dolezal, J., Field, R., Fischer, F.M., Huygens, D., Jandt, U., Jansen, F., Jentsch, A., Karger, D.N., Kattge, J., Lenoir, J., Lens, F., Loos, J., Niinemets, Ü., Overbeck, G.E., Ozinga, W.A., Penuelas, J., Peyre, G., Phillips, O., Reich, P.B., Römermann, C., Sandel, B., Schmidt, M., Schrodt, F., Velez-Martin, E., Violle, C., and Pillar, V.
Abstract: Aim Theoretical, experimental and observational studies have shown that biodiversity–ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationships are influenced by functional community structure through two mutually non-exclusive mechanisms: (1) the dominance effect (which relates to the traits of the dominant species); and (2) the niche partitioning effect [which relates to functional diversity (FD)]. Although both mechanisms have been studied in plant communities and experiments at small spatial extents, it remains unclear whether evidence from small-extent case studies translates into a generalizable macroecological pattern. Here, we evaluate dominance and niche partitioning effects simultaneously in grassland systems world-wide. Location Two thousand nine hundred and forty-one grassland plots globally. Time period 2000–2014. Major taxa studied Vascular plants. Methods We obtained plot-based data on functional community structure from the global vegetation plot database “sPlot”, which combines species composition with plant trait data from the “TRY” database. We used data on the community-weighted mean (CWM) and FD for 18 ecologically relevant plant traits. As an indicator of primary productivity, we extracted the satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from MODIS. Using generalized additive models and deviation partitioning, we estimated the contributions of trait CWM and FD to the variation in annual maximum NDVI, while controlling for climatic variables and spatial structure. Results Grassland communities dominated by relatively tall species with acquisitive traits had higher NDVI values, suggesting the prevalence of dominance effects for BEF relationships. We found no support for niche partitioning for the functional traits analysed, because NDVI remained unaffected by FD. Most of the predictive power of traits was shared by climatic predictors and spatial coordinates. This highlights the importance of community assembly processes for BEF relationships i
Published: 2023

9. Traits of dominant plant species drive normalized difference vegetation index in grasslands globally

Author: Engel, Thore, Bruelheide, H., Hoss, D., Sabatini, F.M., Altman, J., Arfin-Khan, M.A.S., Bergmeier, E., Černý, T., Chytrý, M., Dainese, M., Dengler, J., Dolezal, J., Field, R., Fischer, F.M., Huygens, D., Jandt, U., Jansen, F., Jentsch, A., Karger, D.N., Kattge, J., Lenoir, J., Lens, F., Loos, J., Niinemets, Ü., Overbeck, G.E., Ozinga, W.A., Penuelas, J., Peyre, G., Phillips, O., Reich, P.B., Römermann, C., Sandel, B., Schmidt, M., Schrodt, F., Velez-Martin, E., Violle, C., Pillar, V., Engel, Thore, Bruelheide, H., Hoss, D., Sabatini, F.M., Altman, J., Arfin-Khan, M.A.S., Bergmeier, E., Černý, T., Chytrý, M., Dainese, M., Dengler, J., Dolezal, J., Field, R., Fischer, F.M., Huygens, D., Jandt, U., Jansen, F., Jentsch, A., Karger, D.N., Kattge, J., Lenoir, J., Lens, F., Loos, J., Niinemets, Ü., Overbeck, G.E., Ozinga, W.A., Penuelas, J., Peyre, G., Phillips, O., Reich, P.B., Römermann, C., Sandel, B., Schmidt, M., Schrodt, F., Velez-Martin, E., Violle, C., and Pillar, V.
Abstract: Aim Theoretical, experimental and observational studies have shown that biodiversity–ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationships are influenced by functional community structure through two mutually non-exclusive mechanisms: (1) the dominance effect (which relates to the traits of the dominant species); and (2) the niche partitioning effect [which relates to functional diversity (FD)]. Although both mechanisms have been studied in plant communities and experiments at small spatial extents, it remains unclear whether evidence from small-extent case studies translates into a generalizable macroecological pattern. Here, we evaluate dominance and niche partitioning effects simultaneously in grassland systems world-wide. Location Two thousand nine hundred and forty-one grassland plots globally. Time period 2000–2014. Major taxa studied Vascular plants. Methods We obtained plot-based data on functional community structure from the global vegetation plot database “sPlot”, which combines species composition with plant trait data from the “TRY” database. We used data on the community-weighted mean (CWM) and FD for 18 ecologically relevant plant traits. As an indicator of primary productivity, we extracted the satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from MODIS. Using generalized additive models and deviation partitioning, we estimated the contributions of trait CWM and FD to the variation in annual maximum NDVI, while controlling for climatic variables and spatial structure. Results Grassland communities dominated by relatively tall species with acquisitive traits had higher NDVI values, suggesting the prevalence of dominance effects for BEF relationships. We found no support for niche partitioning for the functional traits analysed, because NDVI remained unaffected by FD. Most of the predictive power of traits was shared by climatic predictors and spatial coordinates. This highlights the importance of community assembly processes for BEF relationships i
Published: 2023

10. Imputing missing data in plant traits: A guide to improve gap-filling

Author: Joswig, J.S., Kattge, J., Kraemer, Guido, Mahecha, Miguel Dario, Rüger, N., Schaepman, M.E., Schrodt, F., Schuman, M.C., Joswig, J.S., Kattge, J., Kraemer, Guido, Mahecha, Miguel Dario, Rüger, N., Schaepman, M.E., Schrodt, F., and Schuman, M.C.
Abstract: Aim Globally distributed plant trait data are increasingly used to understand relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem processes. However, global trait databases are sparse because they are compiled from many, mostly small databases. This sparsity in both trait space completeness and geographical distribution limits the potential for both multivariate and global analyses. Thus, ‘gap-filling’ approaches are often used to impute missing trait data. Recent methods, like Bayesian hierarchical probabilistic matrix factorization (BHPMF), can impute large and sparse data sets using side information. We investigate whether BHPMF imputation leads to biases in trait space and identify aspects influencing bias to provide guidance for its usage. Innovation We use a fully observed trait data set from which entries are randomly removed, along with extensive but sparse additional data. We use BHPMF for imputation and evaluate bias by: (1) accuracy (residuals, RMSE, trait means), (2) correlations (bi- and multivariate) and (3) taxonomic and functional clustering (valuewise, uni- and multivariate). BHPMF preserves general patterns of trait distributions but induces taxonomic clustering. Data set–external trait data had little effect on induced taxonomic clustering and stabilized trait–trait correlations. Main Conclusions Our study extends the criteria for the evaluation of gap-filling beyond RMSE, providing insight into statistical data structure and allowing better informed use of imputed trait data, with improved practice for imputation. We expect our findings to be valuable beyond applications in plant ecology, for any study using hierarchical side information for imputation.
Published: 2023

11. Traits of dominant plant species drive normalized difference vegetation index in grasslands globally

Author: Engel, T., Bruelheide, H., Hoss, D., Sabatini, F.M., Altman, J, Arfin‐Khan, M.A.S., Bergmeier, E., Černý, T., Chytrý, M., Dainese, M., Dolezal, J., Field, R., Fischer, F.M., Jansen, F., Jentsch, A., Karger, D.N., Kattge, J., Lenoir, J., Lens, F., Niinemets, Ü., Overbeck, G.E., Ozinga, W.A., Penuelas, J., Peyre, G., Phillips, O., Reich, P.B., Römermann, C., Sandel, B., Schmidt, M., Schrodt, F., Velez‐Martin, E., Violle, C., Pillar, V., Dengler, Huygens, Jandt, Loos, Thore Engel, Helge Bruelheide, Daniela Ho, Francesco M. Sabatini, Jan Altman, Mohammed A. S. Arfin‐Khan, Erwin Bergmeier, Tomáš Černý, Milan Chytrý, Matteo Dainese, Jürgen Dengler, Jiri Dolezal, Richard Field, Felícia M. Fischer, Dries Huygen, Ute Jandt, Florian Jansen, Anke Jentsch, Dirk N. Karger, Jens Kattge, Jonathan Lenoir, Frederic Len, Jaqueline Loo, Ülo Niinemet, Gerhard E. Overbeck, Wim A. Ozinga, Josep Penuela, Gwendolyn Peyre, Oliver Phillip, Peter B. Reich, Christine Römermann, Brody Sandel, Marco Schmidt, Franziska Schrodt, Eduardo Velez‐Martin, Cyrille Violle, and Valério Pillar
Subjects: biodiversity–ecosystem functioning, Global and Planetary Change, Vegetation, Ecology, sPlot, Functional Diversity, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, biodiversity–ecosystem functioning, biodiversity, community-weighted mean, ecosystem, functioning, functional diversity, sPlot, traits, vegetation, Biodiversity, functional diversity, Traits, traits, Biodiversity–Ecosystem Functioning, vegetation, ecosystem functioning, Community-Weighted Mean, community-weighted mean, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Vegetatie, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecosystem Functioning, biodiversity
Abstract: Aim: Theoretical, experimental and observational studies have shown that biodiversity–ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationships are influenced by functional community structure through two mutually non-exclusive mechanisms: (1) the dominance effect (which relates to the traits of the dominant species); and (2) the niche partitioning effect [which relates to functional diversity (FD)]. Although both mechanisms have been studied in plant communities and experiments at small spatial extents, it remains unclear whether evidence from small-extent case studies translates into a generalizable macroecological pattern. Here, we evaluate dominance and niche partitioning effects simultaneously in grassland systems world-wide.Location: Two thousand nine hundred and forty-one grassland plots globally.Time period: 2000–2014.Major taxa studied: Vascular plants.Methods: We obtained plot-based data on functional community structure from the global vegetation plot database “sPlot”, which combines species composition with plant trait data from the “TRY” database. We used data on the community-weighted mean (CWM) and FD for 18 ecologically relevant plant traits. As an indicator of primary productivity, we extracted the satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from MODIS. Using generalized additive models and deviation partitioning, we estimated the contributions of trait CWM and FD to the variation in annual maximum NDVI, while controlling for climatic variables and spatial structure.Results: Grassland communities dominated by relatively tall species with acquisitive traits had higher NDVI values, suggesting the prevalence of dominance effects for BEF relationships. We found no support for niche partitioning for the functional traits analysed, because NDVI remained unaffected by FD. Most of the predictive power of traits was shared by climatic predictors and spatial coordinates. This highlights the importance of community assembly processes for BEF relationships in natural communities.Main conclusions: Our analysis provides empirical evidence that plant functional community structure and global patterns in primary productivity are linked through the resource economics and size traits of the dominant species. This is an important test of the hypotheses underlying BEF relationships at the global scale.
Published: 2023

12. Functional rarity of plants in German hay meadows - Patterns on the species level and mismatches with community species richness

Author: Walther, G., Jandt, U., Kattge, J., and Römermann, C.
Published: 2022

13. The three major axes of terrestrial ecosystem function

Author: Migliavacca, M, Musavi, T, Mahecha, M, Nelson, J, Knauer, J, Baldocchi, D, Perez-Priego, O, Christiansen, R, Peters, J, Anderson, K, Bahn, M, Black, T, Blanken, P, Bonal, D, Buchmann, N, Caldararu, S, Carrara, A, Carvalhais, N, Cescatti, A, Chen, J, Cleverly, J, Cremonese, E, Desai, A, El-Madany, T, Farella, M, Fernandez-Martinez, M, Filippa, G, Forkel, M, Galvagno, M, Gomarasca, U, Gough, C, Gockede, M, Ibrom, A, Ikawa, H, Janssens, I, Jung, M, Kattge, J, Keenan, T, Knohl, A, Kobayashi, H, Kraemer, G, Law, B, Liddell, M, Ma, X, Mammarella, I, Martini, D, Macfarlane, C, Matteucci, G, Montagnani, L, Pabon-Moreno, D, Panigada, C, Papale, D, Pendall, E, Penuelas, J, Phillips, R, Reich, P, Rossini, M, Rotenberg, E, Scott, R, Stahl, C, Weber, U, Wohlfahrt, G, Wolf, S, Wright, I, Yakir, D, Zaehle, S, Reichstein, M, Migliavacca M., Musavi T., Mahecha M. D., Nelson J. A., Knauer J., Baldocchi D. D., Perez-Priego O., Christiansen R., Peters J., Anderson K., Bahn M., Black T. A., Blanken P. D., Bonal D., Buchmann N., Caldararu S., Carrara A., Carvalhais N., Cescatti A., Chen J., Cleverly J., Cremonese E., Desai A. R., El-Madany T. S., Farella M. M., Fernandez-Martinez M., Filippa G., Forkel M., Galvagno M., Gomarasca U., Gough C. M., Gockede M., Ibrom A., Ikawa H., Janssens I. A., Jung M., Kattge J., Keenan T. F., Knohl A., Kobayashi H., Kraemer G., Law B. E., Liddell M. J., Ma X., Mammarella I., Martini D., Macfarlane C., Matteucci G., Montagnani L., Pabon-Moreno D. E., Panigada C., Papale D., Pendall E., Penuelas J., Phillips R. P., Reich P. B., Rossini M., Rotenberg E., Scott R. L., Stahl C., Weber U., Wohlfahrt G., Wolf S., Wright I. J., Yakir D., Zaehle S., Reichstein M., Migliavacca, M, Musavi, T, Mahecha, M, Nelson, J, Knauer, J, Baldocchi, D, Perez-Priego, O, Christiansen, R, Peters, J, Anderson, K, Bahn, M, Black, T, Blanken, P, Bonal, D, Buchmann, N, Caldararu, S, Carrara, A, Carvalhais, N, Cescatti, A, Chen, J, Cleverly, J, Cremonese, E, Desai, A, El-Madany, T, Farella, M, Fernandez-Martinez, M, Filippa, G, Forkel, M, Galvagno, M, Gomarasca, U, Gough, C, Gockede, M, Ibrom, A, Ikawa, H, Janssens, I, Jung, M, Kattge, J, Keenan, T, Knohl, A, Kobayashi, H, Kraemer, G, Law, B, Liddell, M, Ma, X, Mammarella, I, Martini, D, Macfarlane, C, Matteucci, G, Montagnani, L, Pabon-Moreno, D, Panigada, C, Papale, D, Pendall, E, Penuelas, J, Phillips, R, Reich, P, Rossini, M, Rotenberg, E, Scott, R, Stahl, C, Weber, U, Wohlfahrt, G, Wolf, S, Wright, I, Yakir, D, Zaehle, S, Reichstein, M, Migliavacca M., Musavi T., Mahecha M. D., Nelson J. A., Knauer J., Baldocchi D. D., Perez-Priego O., Christiansen R., Peters J., Anderson K., Bahn M., Black T. A., Blanken P. D., Bonal D., Buchmann N., Caldararu S., Carrara A., Carvalhais N., Cescatti A., Chen J., Cleverly J., Cremonese E., Desai A. R., El-Madany T. S., Farella M. M., Fernandez-Martinez M., Filippa G., Forkel M., Galvagno M., Gomarasca U., Gough C. M., Gockede M., Ibrom A., Ikawa H., Janssens I. A., Jung M., Kattge J., Keenan T. F., Knohl A., Kobayashi H., Kraemer G., Law B. E., Liddell M. J., Ma X., Mammarella I., Martini D., Macfarlane C., Matteucci G., Montagnani L., Pabon-Moreno D. E., Panigada C., Papale D., Pendall E., Penuelas J., Phillips R. P., Reich P. B., Rossini M., Rotenberg E., Scott R. L., Stahl C., Weber U., Wohlfahrt G., Wolf S., Wright I. J., Yakir D., Zaehle S., and Reichstein M.
Abstract: The leaf economics spectrum and the global spectrum of plant forms and functions3 revealed fundamental axes of variation in plant traits, which represent different ecological strategies that are shaped by the evolutionary development of plant species. Ecosystem functions depend on environmental conditions and the traits of species that comprise the ecological communities. However, the axes of variation of ecosystem functions are largely unknown, which limits our understanding of how ecosystems respond as a whole to anthropogenic drivers, climate and environmental variability. Here we derive a set of ecosystem functions from a dataset of surface gas exchange measurements across major terrestrial biomes. We find that most of the variability within ecosystem functions (71.8%) is captured by three key axes. The first axis reflects maximum ecosystem productivity and is mostly explained by vegetation structure. The second axis reflects ecosystem water-use strategies and is jointly explained by variation in vegetation height and climate. The third axis, which represents ecosystem carbon-use efficiency, features a gradient related to aridity, and is explained primarily by variation in vegetation structure. We show that two state-of-the-art land surface models reproduce the first and most important axis of ecosystem functions. However, the models tend to simulate more strongly correlated functions than those observed, which limits their ability to accurately predict the full range of responses to environmental changes in carbon, water and energy cycling in terrestrial ecosystems.
Published: 2021

14. Traits to stay, traits to move: a review of functional traits to assess sensitivity and adaptive capacity of temperate and boreal trees to climate change

Author: Aubin, I., Munson, A.D., Cardou, F., Burton, P.J., Isabel, N., Pedlar, J.H., Paquette, A., Taylor, A.R., Delagrange, S., Kebli, H., Messier, C., Shipley, B., Valladares, F., Kattge, J., Boisvert-Marsh, L., and McKenney, D.
Subjects: Multifactorial traits -- Analysis, Climate change -- Analysis, Taiga -- Environmental aspects, Environmental issues
Abstract: The integration of functional traits into vulnerability assessments is a promising approach to quantitatively capture differences in species sensitivity and adaptive capacity to climate change, allowing the refinement of tree species distribution models. In response to a clear need to identify traits that are responsive to climate change and applicable in a management context, we review the state of knowledge of the main mechanisms, and their associated traits, that underpin the ability of boreal and temperate tree species to persist and (or) shift their distribution in a changing climate. We aimed to determine whether current knowledge is sufficiently mature and available to be used effectively in vulnerability assessments. Marshalling recent conceptual advances and assessing data availability, our ultimate objective is to guide modellers and practitioners in finding and selecting sets of traits that can be used to capture differences in species' ability to persist and migrate. While the physiological mechanisms that determine sensitivity to climate change are relatively well understood (e.g., drought-induced cavitation), many associated traits have not been systematically documented for North American trees and differences in methodology preclude their widespread integration into vulnerability assessments (e.g., xylem recovery capacity). In contrast, traits traditionally associated with the ability to migrate and withstand fire are generally well documented, but new key traits are emerging in the context of climate change that have not been as well characterized (e.g., age of optimum seed production). More generally, lack of knowledge surrounding the extent and patterns in intraspecific trait variation, as well as co-variation and interaction among traits, limit our ability to use this approach to assess tree adaptive capacity. We conclude by outlining research needs and potential strategies for the development of trait-based knowledge applicable in large-scale modelling efforts, sketching out important aspects of trait data organization that should be part of a coordinated effort by the forest science community. Key words: vulnerability assessment, drought tolerance, fire tolerance, migration ability, intraspecific variation in trait, species persistence. L'utilisation des traits fonctionnels dans l'evaluation de la vulnerabilite est une approche prometteuse pour integrer de maniere quantifiable les differences de sensibilite des especes et leur capacite d'adaptation aux changements climatiques, ameliorant ainsi les modeles de repartition des arbres. Afin d'identifier dans un contexte d'amenagement les traits cles qui sont affectes par les changements climatiques, nous examinons l'etat des connaissances sur les principaux mecanismes - ainsi que leurs traits associes--qui regissent la capacite des arbres des forets boreales et temperees a persister ou a migrer. Nous avons tente de determiner si les connaissances actuelles sont suffisamment matures et disponibles pour etre utilisees efficacement dans le contexte des evaluations de vulnerabilite. En synthetisant les avancees conceptuelles les plus recentes et en evaluant la disponibilite des donnees, nous avons comme objectif principal de guider les modelisateurs et autres intervenants dans la selection de traits fonctionnels pouvant servir a caracteriser les differences dans la capacite des especes a persister et a migrer face a un climat en changement. Par exemple, malgre que l'on comprenne assez bien les mecanismes physiologiques qui determinent la sensibilite aux changements climatiques (ex., cavitation induite par la secheresse), un grand nombre de traits associes a ces mecanismes n'ont pas ete systematiquement documentes pour les arbres d'Amerique du Nord. Nous constatons egalement des differences dans les methodologies utilisees pour mesurer ces traits (ex., capacite de retablissement des xylemes), ce qui nuit a l'integration des traits dans l'evaluation de la vulnerabilite. Pour leur part, les traits traditionnellement associes a la capacite de migrer et de resister au feu sont generalement bien documentes; cependant, de nouveaux traits cles emergeant dans le contexte des changements climatiques demeurent peu documentes (ex., l'age de la production optimale de graines). De facon generale, le manque de connaissance entourant la variabilite intraspecifique des traits, ainsi que sur la covariation et l'interaction entre traits, est limitant dans nos evaluations de la capacite adaptative des arbres. Nous concluons en soulignant des besoins precis en matiere de recherche et en identifiant certaines avenues possibles pour le developpement des connaissances liees aux traits applicables dans des projets de modelisation a grande echelle. Nous soulignons finalement l'importance de certains aspects de la gestion de donnees de traits qui devraient faire partie de tout effort coordonne de documentation par la communaute scientifique du milieu forestier. Mots-cles : evaluation de la vulnerabilite, tolerance a la secheresse, tolerance au feu, capacite de migration, variabilite intraspecifique des traits, persistance de l'espece., 1. Introduction Recent years have seen a marked increase in efforts to assess potential effects of climate change on the distribution and abundance of forest plant species (Thuiller et al. [...]
Published: 2016
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15. Global relationships in tree functional traits

Author: Maynard, D.S., Bialic-Murphy, L., Zohner, C.M., Averill, C., van den Hoogen, J., Ma, H., Mo, L., Smith, G.R., Acosta, A.T.R., Aubin, I., Berenguer, E., Boonman, C.C.F., Catford, J.A., Cerabolini, B.E.L., Dias, A.S., González-Melo, A., Hietz, P., Lusk, C.H., Mori, A.S., Niinemets, Ü., Pillar, V.D., Pinho, B.X., Rosell, J.A., Schurr, F.M., Sheremetev, S.N., da Silva, A.C., Sosinski, Ê., van Bodegom, P.M., Weiher, E., Bönisch, G., Kattge, J., Crowther, T.W., Maynard, D.S., Bialic-Murphy, L., Zohner, C.M., Averill, C., van den Hoogen, J., Ma, H., Mo, L., Smith, G.R., Acosta, A.T.R., Aubin, I., Berenguer, E., Boonman, C.C.F., Catford, J.A., Cerabolini, B.E.L., Dias, A.S., González-Melo, A., Hietz, P., Lusk, C.H., Mori, A.S., Niinemets, Ü., Pillar, V.D., Pinho, B.X., Rosell, J.A., Schurr, F.M., Sheremetev, S.N., da Silva, A.C., Sosinski, Ê., van Bodegom, P.M., Weiher, E., Bönisch, G., Kattge, J., and Crowther, T.W.
Abstract: Due to massive energetic investments in woody support structures, trees are subject to unique physiological, mechanical, and ecological pressures not experienced by herbaceous plants. Despite a wealth of studies exploring trait relationships across the entire plant kingdom, the dominant traits underpinning these unique aspects of tree form and function remain unclear. Here, by considering 18 functional traits, encompassing leaf, seed, bark, wood, crown, and root characteristics, we quantify the multidimensional relationships in tree trait expression. We find that nearly half of trait variation is captured by two axes: one reflecting leaf economics, the other reflecting tree size and competition for light. Yet these orthogonal axes reveal strong environmental convergence, exhibiting correlated responses to temperature, moisture, and elevation. By subsequently exploring multidimensional trait relationships, we show that the full dimensionality of trait space is captured by eight distinct clusters, each reflecting a unique aspect of tree form and function. Collectively, this work identifies a core set of traits needed to quantify global patterns in functional biodiversity, and it contributes to our fundamental understanding of the functioning of forests worldwide.
Published: 2022

16. High exposure of global tree diversity to human pressure

Author: Guo, W-Y, Serra-Diaz, J.M., Schrodt, F., Eiserhardt, W.L., Maitner, B.S., Merow, C., Violle, C., Anand, M., Belluau, M., Bruun, H.H., Byun, C., Catford, J.A., Cerabolini, B.E.L., Chacón-Madrigal, E., Ciccarelli, D., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Dang-Le, A.T., De Frutos, A., Dias, A.S., Giroldo, A.B., Guo, K., Gutiérrez, A.G., Hattingh, W., He, T., Hietz, P., Hough-Snee, N., Jansen, S., Kattge, J., Klein, T., Komac, B., Kraft, N.J.B., Kramer, K., Lavorel, S., Lusk, C.H., Martin, A.R., Mencuccini, M., Michaletz, S.T., Minden, V., Mori, A.S., Niinemets, Ü., Onoda, Y., Peñuelas, J., Pillar, V.D., Pisek, J., Robroek, B.J.M., Schamp, B., Slot, M., Sosinski, E.E., Soudzilovskaia, N.A., Thiffault, N., van Bodegom, P., van der Plas, F., Wright, I.J., Xu, W-B, Zheng, J., Enquist, B.J., Svenning, J-C, Guo, W-Y, Serra-Diaz, J.M., Schrodt, F., Eiserhardt, W.L., Maitner, B.S., Merow, C., Violle, C., Anand, M., Belluau, M., Bruun, H.H., Byun, C., Catford, J.A., Cerabolini, B.E.L., Chacón-Madrigal, E., Ciccarelli, D., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Dang-Le, A.T., De Frutos, A., Dias, A.S., Giroldo, A.B., Guo, K., Gutiérrez, A.G., Hattingh, W., He, T., Hietz, P., Hough-Snee, N., Jansen, S., Kattge, J., Klein, T., Komac, B., Kraft, N.J.B., Kramer, K., Lavorel, S., Lusk, C.H., Martin, A.R., Mencuccini, M., Michaletz, S.T., Minden, V., Mori, A.S., Niinemets, Ü., Onoda, Y., Peñuelas, J., Pillar, V.D., Pisek, J., Robroek, B.J.M., Schamp, B., Slot, M., Sosinski, E.E., Soudzilovskaia, N.A., Thiffault, N., van Bodegom, P., van der Plas, F., Wright, I.J., Xu, W-B, Zheng, J., Enquist, B.J., and Svenning, J-C
Abstract: Safeguarding Earth’s tree diversity is a conservation priority due to the importance of trees for biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services such as carbon sequestration. Here, we improve the foundation for effective conservation of global tree diversity by analyzing a recently developed database of tree species covering 46,752 species. We quantify range protection and anthropogenic pressures for each species and develop conservation priorities across taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity dimensions. We also assess the effectiveness of several influential proposed conservation prioritization frameworks to protect the top 17% and top 50% of tree priority areas. We find that an average of 50.2% of a tree species’ range occurs in 110-km grid cells without any protected areas (PAs), with 6,377 small-range tree species fully unprotected, and that 83% of tree species experience nonnegligible human pressure across their range on average. Protecting high-priority areas for the top 17% and 50% priority thresholds would increase the average protected proportion of each tree species’ range to 65.5% and 82.6%, respectively, leaving many fewer species (2,151 and 2,010) completely unprotected. The priority areas identified for trees match well to the Global 200 Ecoregions framework, revealing that priority areas for trees would in large part also optimize protection for terrestrial biodiversity overall. Based on range estimates for >46,000 tree species, our findings show that a large proportion of tree species receive limited protection by current PAs and are under substantial human pressure. Improved protection of biodiversity overall would also strongly benefit global tree diversity.
Published: 2022

17. Global relationships in tree functional traits

Author: Maynard, DS, Bialic-Murphy, L, Zohner, CM, Averill, C, van den Hoogen, J, Ma, H, Mo, L, Smith, GR, Acosta, ATR, Aubin, I, Berenguer, E, Boonman, CCF, Catford, JA, Cerabolini, BEL, Dias, AS, Gonzalez-Melo, A, Hietz, P, Lusk, CH, Mori, AS, Niinemets, U, Pillar, VD, Pinho, BX, Rosell, JA, Schurr, FM, Sheremetev, SN, da Silva, AC, Sosinski, E, van Bodegom, PM, Weiher, E, Boenisch, G, Kattge, J, Crowther, TW, Maynard, DS, Bialic-Murphy, L, Zohner, CM, Averill, C, van den Hoogen, J, Ma, H, Mo, L, Smith, GR, Acosta, ATR, Aubin, I, Berenguer, E, Boonman, CCF, Catford, JA, Cerabolini, BEL, Dias, AS, Gonzalez-Melo, A, Hietz, P, Lusk, CH, Mori, AS, Niinemets, U, Pillar, VD, Pinho, BX, Rosell, JA, Schurr, FM, Sheremetev, SN, da Silva, AC, Sosinski, E, van Bodegom, PM, Weiher, E, Boenisch, G, Kattge, J, and Crowther, TW
Abstract: Due to massive energetic investments in woody support structures, trees are subject to unique physiological, mechanical, and ecological pressures not experienced by herbaceous plants. Despite a wealth of studies exploring trait relationships across the entire plant kingdom, the dominant traits underpinning these unique aspects of tree form and function remain unclear. Here, by considering 18 functional traits, encompassing leaf, seed, bark, wood, crown, and root characteristics, we quantify the multidimensional relationships in tree trait expression. We find that nearly half of trait variation is captured by two axes: one reflecting leaf economics, the other reflecting tree size and competition for light. Yet these orthogonal axes reveal strong environmental convergence, exhibiting correlated responses to temperature, moisture, and elevation. By subsequently exploring multidimensional trait relationships, we show that the full dimensionality of trait space is captured by eight distinct clusters, each reflecting a unique aspect of tree form and function. Collectively, this work identifies a core set of traits needed to quantify global patterns in functional biodiversity, and it contributes to our fundamental understanding of the functioning of forests worldwide.
Published: 2022

18. The global spectrum of plant form and function: enhanced species-level trait dataset

Author: Díaz, S., Kattge, J., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Wright, I.J., Lavorel, S., Dray, S., Reu, B., Kleyer, M., Wirth, C., Prentice, I.C., Garnier, E., Bönisch, G., Westoby, M., Poorter, H., Reich, P.B., Moles, A.T., Dickie, J., Zanne, A.E., Chave, J., Wright, S.J., Sheremetiev, S.N., Jactel, H., Baraloto, C., Cerabolini, B.E.L., Pierce, S., Shipley, B., Casanoves, F., Joswig, J.S., Günther, A., Falczuk, V., Mahecha, M.D., Gorné, L.D., Amiaud, B., Atkin, O.K., Bahn, M., Baldocchi, D., Beckmann, Michael, Blonder, B., Bond, W., Bond-Lamberty, B., Brown, K., Burrascano, S., Byun, C., Campetella, G., Cavender-Bares, J., Stuart Chapin III, F., Choat, B., Coomes, D.A., Cornwell, W.K., Craine, J., Craven, D., Dainese, M., de Araujo, A.C., de Vries, F.T., Ferreira Domingues, T., Enquist, B.J., Fagúndez, J., Fang, J., Fernández-Méndez, F., Fernandez-Piedade, M.T., Ford, H., Forey, E., Freschet, G.T., Gachet, S., Gallagher, R., Green, W., Guerin, G.R., Gutiérrez, A.G., Harrison, S.P., Hattingh, W.N., He, T., Hickler, T., Higgins, S.I., Higuchi, P., Ilic, J., Jackson, R.B., Jalili, A., Jansen, S., Koike, F., König, C., Kraft, N., Kramer, K., Kreft, H., Kühn, Ingolf, Kurokawa, H., Lamb, E.G., Laughlin, D.C., Leishman, M., Lewis, S., Louault, F., Malhado, A.C.M., Manning, P., Meir, P., Mencuccini, M., Messier, J., Miller, R., Minden, V., Molofsky, J., Montgomery, R., Montserrat-Martí, G., Díaz, S., Kattge, J., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Wright, I.J., Lavorel, S., Dray, S., Reu, B., Kleyer, M., Wirth, C., Prentice, I.C., Garnier, E., Bönisch, G., Westoby, M., Poorter, H., Reich, P.B., Moles, A.T., Dickie, J., Zanne, A.E., Chave, J., Wright, S.J., Sheremetiev, S.N., Jactel, H., Baraloto, C., Cerabolini, B.E.L., Pierce, S., Shipley, B., Casanoves, F., Joswig, J.S., Günther, A., Falczuk, V., Mahecha, M.D., Gorné, L.D., Amiaud, B., Atkin, O.K., Bahn, M., Baldocchi, D., Beckmann, Michael, Blonder, B., Bond, W., Bond-Lamberty, B., Brown, K., Burrascano, S., Byun, C., Campetella, G., Cavender-Bares, J., Stuart Chapin III, F., Choat, B., Coomes, D.A., Cornwell, W.K., Craine, J., Craven, D., Dainese, M., de Araujo, A.C., de Vries, F.T., Ferreira Domingues, T., Enquist, B.J., Fagúndez, J., Fang, J., Fernández-Méndez, F., Fernandez-Piedade, M.T., Ford, H., Forey, E., Freschet, G.T., Gachet, S., Gallagher, R., Green, W., Guerin, G.R., Gutiérrez, A.G., Harrison, S.P., Hattingh, W.N., He, T., Hickler, T., Higgins, S.I., Higuchi, P., Ilic, J., Jackson, R.B., Jalili, A., Jansen, S., Koike, F., König, C., Kraft, N., Kramer, K., Kreft, H., Kühn, Ingolf, Kurokawa, H., Lamb, E.G., Laughlin, D.C., Leishman, M., Lewis, S., Louault, F., Malhado, A.C.M., Manning, P., Meir, P., Mencuccini, M., Messier, J., Miller, R., Minden, V., Molofsky, J., Montgomery, R., and Montserrat-Martí, G.
Abstract: Here we provide the ‘Global Spectrum of Plant Form and Function Dataset’, containing species mean values for six vascular plant traits. Together, these traits –plant height, stem specific density, leaf area, leaf mass per area, leaf nitrogen content per dry mass, and diaspore (seed or spore) mass – define the primary axes of variation in plant form and function. The dataset is based on ca. 1 million trait records received via the TRY database (representing ca. 2,500 original publications) and additional unpublished data. It provides 92,159 species mean values for the six traits, covering 46,047 species. The data are complemented by higher-level taxonomic classification and six categorical traits (woodiness, growth form, succulence, adaptation to terrestrial or aquatic habitats, nutrition type and leaf type). Data quality management is based on a probabilistic approach combined with comprehensive validation against expert knowledge and external information. Intense data acquisition and thorough quality control produced the largest and, to our knowledge, most accurate compilation of empirically observed vascular plant species mean traits to date. Measurement(s) plant trait Technology Type(s) various Factor Type(s) none Sample Characteristic - Organism Tracheophyta Sample Characteristic - Environment natural environment Sample Characteristic - Location global
Published: 2022

19. Citizen science plant observations encode global trait patterns

Author: Wolf, S., Mahecha, Miguel Dario, Sabatini, F.M., Wirth, C., Bruelheide, H., Kattge, J., Martínez, A.M., Mora, K., Kattenborn, T., Wolf, S., Mahecha, Miguel Dario, Sabatini, F.M., Wirth, C., Bruelheide, H., Kattge, J., Martínez, A.M., Mora, K., and Kattenborn, T.
Abstract: Global maps of plant functional traits are essential for studying the dynamics of the terrestrial biosphere, yet the spatial distribution of trait measurements remains sparse. With the increasing popularity of species identification apps, citizen scientists contribute to growing vegetation data collections. The question emerges whether such opportunistic citizen science data can help map plant functional traits globally. Here we show that we can map global trait patterns by complementing vascular plant observations from the global citizen science project iNaturalist with measurements from the plant trait database TRY. We evaluate these maps using sPlotOpen, a global collection of vegetation plot data. Our results show high correlations between the iNaturalist- and sPlotOpen-based maps of up to 0.69 (r) and higher correlations than to previously published trait maps. As citizen science data collections continue to grow, we can expect them to play a significant role in further improving maps of plant functional traits.
Published: 2022

20. Traditional plant functional groups explain variation in economic but not size-related traits across the tundra biome

Author: Thomas, H.J.D., Myers-Smith, I.H., Bjorkman, A.D., Elmendorf, S.C., Blok, D., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Forbes, B.C., Hollister, R.D., Normand, S., Prevéy, J.S., Rixen, C., Schaepman-Strub, G., Wilmking, M., Wipf, S., Cornwell, W.K., Kattge, J., Goetz, S.J., Guay, K.C., Alatalo, J.M., Anadon-Rosell, A., Angers-Blondin, S., Berner, L.T., Björk, R.G., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Carbognani, M., Christie, K., Siegwart Collier, L., Cooper, E.J., Eskelinen, A., Frei, E.R., Grau, O., Grogan, P., Hallinger, M., Heijmans, M.M.P.D., Hermanutz, L., Hudson, J.M.G., Hülber, K., Iturrate-Garcia, M., Iversen, C.M., Jaroszynska, F., Johnstone, J.F., Kaarlejärvi, E., Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L.J., Lévesque, E., Little, C.J., Michelsen, A., Milbau, A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Nielsen, S.S., Ninot, J.M., Oberbauer, S.F., Olofsson, J., Onipchenko, V.G., Petraglia, A., Rumpf, S.B., Semenchuk, P.R., Soudzilovskaia, N.A., Spasojevic, M.J., Speed, J.D.M., Tape, K.D., Beest, M. te, Tomaselli, M., Trant, A., Treier, U.A., Venn, S., Vowles, T., Weijers, S., Zamin, T., Atkin, O.K., Bahn, M., Blonder, B., Campetella, G., Cerabolini, B.E.L., Chapin III, F.S., Dainese, M., Vries, F.T. de, Díaz, S., Green, W., Jackson, R.B., Manning, P., Niinemets, Ü, Ozinga, W.A., Penuelas, J., Reich, P.B., Schamp, B., Sheremetev, S., Bodegom, P.M. van, Systems Ecology, Spatial Ecology and Global Change, Environmental Sciences, External Funding, Research Centre for Ecological Change, and van Bodegom, PM
Subjects: Plant functional types, Evolution, NUTRIENT, TERM, plant functional groups, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, CARBON, vegetation change, Cluster analysis, Behavior and Systematics, ecosystem function, VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Plantegeografi: 496, Community composition, Plant functional groups, community composition, ARCTIC TUNDRA, Ekologi, Plant traits, Global and Planetary Change, CLIMATE-CHANGE, Ecology, LEAF TRAITS, Botany, food and beverages, Botanik, VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Plant geography: 496, plant functional types, Research Papers, Tundra biome, cluster analysis, plant traits, tundra biome, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecological Applications, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, Vegetation change, Ecosystem function, VEGETATION, LITTER DECOMPOSITION RATES, RESPONSES, Research Paper
Abstract: Aim : Plant functional groups are widely used in community ecology and earth system modelling to describe trait variation within and across plant communities. However, this approach rests on the assumption that functional groups explain a large propor ‐ tion of trait variation among species. We test whether four commonly used plant functional groups represent variation in six ecologically important plant traits. Location : Tundra biome. Time period : Data collected between 1964 and 2016. Major taxa studied : 295 tundra vascular plant species. Methods : We compiled a database of six plant traits (plant height, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen, seed mass) for tundra species. We exam ‐ ined the variation in species‐level trait expression explained by four traditional func ‐ tional groups (evergreen shrubs, deciduous shrubs, graminoids, forbs), and whether variation explained was dependent upon the traits included in analysis. We further compared the explanatory power and species composition of functional groups to al ‐ ternative classifications generated using post hoc clustering of species‐level traits. Results : Traditional functional groups explained significant differences in trait expres ‐ sion, particularly amongst traits associated with resource economics, which were con ‐ sistent across sites and at the biome scale. However, functional groups explained 19% of overall trait variation and poorly represented differences in traits associated with plant size. Post hoc classification of species did not correspond well with traditional functional groups, and explained twice as much variation in species‐level trait expression. Main conclusions : Traditional functional groups only coarsely represent variation in well‐measured traits within tundra plant communities, and better explain resource economic traits than size‐related traits. We recommend caution when using func ‐ tional group approaches to predict tundra vegetation change, or ecosystem func ‐ tions relating to plant size, such as albedo or carbon storage. We argue that alternative classifications or direct use of specific plant traits could provide new insights for ecological prediction and modelling. © 2018 The Authors Global Ecology and Biogeography Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
Published: 2021

21. sPlotOpen – An environmentally balanced, open‐access, global dataset of vegetation plots

Author: Sabatini, F.M., Lenoir, J., Hattab, T., Arnst, E., Chytrý, M., Dengler, J., De Ruffray, P., Hennekens, S.M., Jandt, U., Jansen, F., Jimenez‐Alfaro, B., Kattge, J., Levesley, A., Pillar, V.D., Purschke, O., Sandel, B., Sultana, F., Aavik, T., Aćić, S., Acosta, A.T.R., Agrillo, E., Álvarez, M., Apostolova, I., Arfin Khan, M.A.S., Arroyo, L., Attorre, F., Aubin, I., Banerjee, A., Bauters, M., Bergeron, Y., Bergmeier, E., Biurrun, I., Bjorkman, A.D., Bonari, G., Bondareva, V., Brunet, J., Čarni, A., Casella, L., Cayuela, L., Černý, T., Chepinoga, V., Csiky, J., Ćušterevska, R., De Bie, E., Gasper, A.L., De Sanctis, M., Dimopoulos, P., Dolezal, J., Dziuba, T., El‐Sheikh, M.A.El‐R.M., Enquist, B., Ewald, J., Fazayeli, F., Field, R., Finckh, M., Gachet, S., Galán‐de‐Mera, A., Garbolino, E., Gholizadeh, H., Giorgis, M., Golub, V., Alsos, I.G., Grytnes, J‐A, Guerin, G.R., Gutiérrez, A.G., Haider, S., Hatim, M.Z., Hérault, B., Hinojos Mendoza, G., Hölzel, N., Homeier, J., Hubau, W., Indreica, A., Janssen, J.A.M., Jedrzejek, B., Jentsch, A., Jürgens, N., Kącki, Z., Kapfer, J., Karger, D.N., Kavgacı, A., Kearsley, E., Kessler, M., Khanina, L., Killeen, T., Korolyuk, A., Kreft, H., Kühl, H.S., Kuzemko, A., Landucci, F., Lengyel, A., Lens, F., Lingner, D.V., Liu, H., Lysenko, T., Mahecha, M.D., Marcenò, C., Martynenko, V., Moeslund, J.E., Monteagudo Mendoza, A., Mucina, L., Müller, J.V., Munzinger, J., Naqinezhad, A., Noroozi, J., Nowak, A., Onyshchenko, V., Overbeck, G.E., Pärtel, M., Pauchard, A., Peet, R.K., Penuelas, J., Pérez‐Haase, A., Peterka, T., Petřík, P., Peyre, G., Phillips, O.L., Prokhorov, V., Rašomavičius, V., Revermann, R., Rivas‐Torres, G., Rodwell, J.S., Ruprecht, E., Rūsiņa, S., Samimi, C., Schmidt, M., Schrodt, F., Shan, H., Shirokikh, P., Šibík, J., Šilc, U., Sklenář, P., Škvorc, Ž., Sparrow, B., Sperandii, M.G., Stančić, Z., Svenning, J‐C, Tang, Z., Tang, C.Q., Tsiripidis, I., Vanselow, K.A., Vásquez Martínez, R., Vassilev, K., Vélez‐Martin, E., Venanzoni, R., Vibrans, A.C., Violle, C., Virtanen, R., Wehrden, H., Wagner, V., Walker, D.A., Waller, D.M., Wang, H‐F, Wesche, K., Whitfeld, T.J.S., Willner, W., Wiser, S.K., Wohlgemuth, T., Yamalov, S., Zobel, M., Bruelheide, H., Bates, A., Sabatini, F.M., Lenoir, J., Hattab, T., Arnst, E., Chytrý, M., Dengler, J., De Ruffray, P., Hennekens, S.M., Jandt, U., Jansen, F., Jimenez‐Alfaro, B., Kattge, J., Levesley, A., Pillar, V.D., Purschke, O., Sandel, B., Sultana, F., Aavik, T., Aćić, S., Acosta, A.T.R., Agrillo, E., Álvarez, M., Apostolova, I., Arfin Khan, M.A.S., Arroyo, L., Attorre, F., Aubin, I., Banerjee, A., Bauters, M., Bergeron, Y., Bergmeier, E., Biurrun, I., Bjorkman, A.D., Bonari, G., Bondareva, V., Brunet, J., Čarni, A., Casella, L., Cayuela, L., Černý, T., Chepinoga, V., Csiky, J., Ćušterevska, R., De Bie, E., Gasper, A.L., De Sanctis, M., Dimopoulos, P., Dolezal, J., Dziuba, T., El‐Sheikh, M.A.El‐R.M., Enquist, B., Ewald, J., Fazayeli, F., Field, R., Finckh, M., Gachet, S., Galán‐de‐Mera, A., Garbolino, E., Gholizadeh, H., Giorgis, M., Golub, V., Alsos, I.G., Grytnes, J‐A, Guerin, G.R., Gutiérrez, A.G., Haider, S., Hatim, M.Z., Hérault, B., Hinojos Mendoza, G., Hölzel, N., Homeier, J., Hubau, W., Indreica, A., Janssen, J.A.M., Jedrzejek, B., Jentsch, A., Jürgens, N., Kącki, Z., Kapfer, J., Karger, D.N., Kavgacı, A., Kearsley, E., Kessler, M., Khanina, L., Killeen, T., Korolyuk, A., Kreft, H., Kühl, H.S., Kuzemko, A., Landucci, F., Lengyel, A., Lens, F., Lingner, D.V., Liu, H., Lysenko, T., Mahecha, M.D., Marcenò, C., Martynenko, V., Moeslund, J.E., Monteagudo Mendoza, A., Mucina, L., Müller, J.V., Munzinger, J., Naqinezhad, A., Noroozi, J., Nowak, A., Onyshchenko, V., Overbeck, G.E., Pärtel, M., Pauchard, A., Peet, R.K., Penuelas, J., Pérez‐Haase, A., Peterka, T., Petřík, P., Peyre, G., Phillips, O.L., Prokhorov, V., Rašomavičius, V., Revermann, R., Rivas‐Torres, G., Rodwell, J.S., Ruprecht, E., Rūsiņa, S., Samimi, C., Schmidt, M., Schrodt, F., Shan, H., Shirokikh, P., Šibík, J., Šilc, U., Sklenář, P., Škvorc, Ž., Sparrow, B., Sperandii, M.G., Stančić, Z., Svenning, J‐C, Tang, Z., Tang, C.Q., Tsiripidis, I., Vanselow, K.A., Vásquez Martínez, R., Vassilev, K., Vélez‐Martin, E., Venanzoni, R., Vibrans, A.C., Violle, C., Virtanen, R., Wehrden, H., Wagner, V., Walker, D.A., Waller, D.M., Wang, H‐F, Wesche, K., Whitfeld, T.J.S., Willner, W., Wiser, S.K., Wohlgemuth, T., Yamalov, S., Zobel, M., Bruelheide, H., and Bates, A.
Abstract: Assessing biodiversity status and trends in plant communities is critical for understanding, quantifying and predicting the effects of global change on ecosystems. Vegetation plots record the occurrence or abundance of all plant species co-occurring within delimited local areas. This allows species absences to be inferred, information seldom provided by existing global plant datasets. Although many vegetation plots have been recorded, most are not available to the global research community. A recent initiative, called ‘sPlot’, compiled the first global vegetation plot database, and continues to grow and curate it. The sPlot database, however, is extremely unbalanced spatially and environmentally, and is not open-access. Here, we address both these issues by (a) resampling the vegetation plots using several environmental variables as sampling strata and (b) securing permission from data holders of 105 local-to-regional datasets to openly release data. We thus present sPlotOpen, the largest open-access dataset of vegetation plots ever released. sPlotOpen can be used to explore global diversity at the plant community level, as ground truth data in remote sensing applications, or as a baseline for biodiversity monitoring.
Published: 2021

22. Climatic and soil factors explain the two-dimensional spectrum of global plant trait variation

Author: Joswig, J.S., Wirth, C., Schuman, M.C., Kattge, J., Reu, B., Wright, I.J., Sippel, S.D., Rüger, N., Richter, R., Schaepman, M.E., van Bodegom, P.M., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Díaz, S., Hattingh, W.N., Kramer, K., Lens, F., Niinemets, Ü., Reich, P.B., Reichstein, M., Römermann, C., Schrodt, F., Anand, M., Bahn, M., Byun, C., Campetella, G., Cerabolini, B.E.L., Craine, J.M., Gonzalez-Melo, A., Gutiérrez, A.G., He, T., Higuchi, P., Jactel, H., Kraft, N.J.B., Minden, V., Onipchenko, V., Peñuelas, J., Pillar, V.D., Sosinski, Ê., Soudzilovskaia, N.A., Weiher, E., Mahecha, M.D., Joswig, J.S., Wirth, C., Schuman, M.C., Kattge, J., Reu, B., Wright, I.J., Sippel, S.D., Rüger, N., Richter, R., Schaepman, M.E., van Bodegom, P.M., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Díaz, S., Hattingh, W.N., Kramer, K., Lens, F., Niinemets, Ü., Reich, P.B., Reichstein, M., Römermann, C., Schrodt, F., Anand, M., Bahn, M., Byun, C., Campetella, G., Cerabolini, B.E.L., Craine, J.M., Gonzalez-Melo, A., Gutiérrez, A.G., He, T., Higuchi, P., Jactel, H., Kraft, N.J.B., Minden, V., Onipchenko, V., Peñuelas, J., Pillar, V.D., Sosinski, Ê., Soudzilovskaia, N.A., Weiher, E., and Mahecha, M.D.
Abstract: Plant functional traits can predict community assembly and ecosystem functioning and are thus widely used in global models of vegetation dynamics and land–climate feedbacks. Still, we lack a global understanding of how land and climate affect plant traits. A previous global analysis of six traits observed two main axes of variation: (1) size variation at the organ and plant level and (2) leaf economics balancing leaf persistence against plant growth potential. The orthogonality of these two axes suggests they are differently influenced by environmental drivers. We find that these axes persist in a global dataset of 17 traits across more than 20,000 species. We find a dominant joint effect of climate and soil on trait variation. Additional independent climate effects are also observed across most traits, whereas independent soil effects are almost exclusively observed for economics traits. Variation in size traits correlates well with a latitudinal gradient related to water or energy limitation. In contrast, variation in economics traits is better explained by interactions of climate with soil fertility. These findings have the potential to improve our understanding of biodiversity patterns and our predictions of climate change impacts on biogeochemical cycles.
Published: 2021

23. Functional biogeography of Neotropical moist forests:Trait–climate relationships and assembly patterns of tree communities

Author: Pinho, B.X., Tabarelli, M., ter Braak, C.J.F., Wright, S.J., Arroyo-Rodríguez, V., Benchimol, M., Engelbrecht, B.M.J., Pierce, S., Hietz, P., Santos, B.A., Peres, C.A., Müller, S.C., Wright, I.J., Bongers, F., Lohbeck, M., Niinemets, Ü., Slot, M., Jansen, S., Jamelli, D., de Lima, R.A.F., Swenson, N., Condit, R., Barlow, J., Slik, F., Hernández-Ruedas, M.A., Mendes, G., Martínez-Ramos, M., Pitman, N., Kraft, N., Garwood, N., Guevara Andino, J.E., Faria, D., Chacón-Madrigal, E., Mariano-Neto, E., Júnior, V., Kattge, J., Melo, F.P.L., Pinho, B.X., Tabarelli, M., ter Braak, C.J.F., Wright, S.J., Arroyo-Rodríguez, V., Benchimol, M., Engelbrecht, B.M.J., Pierce, S., Hietz, P., Santos, B.A., Peres, C.A., Müller, S.C., Wright, I.J., Bongers, F., Lohbeck, M., Niinemets, Ü., Slot, M., Jansen, S., Jamelli, D., de Lima, R.A.F., Swenson, N., Condit, R., Barlow, J., Slik, F., Hernández-Ruedas, M.A., Mendes, G., Martínez-Ramos, M., Pitman, N., Kraft, N., Garwood, N., Guevara Andino, J.E., Faria, D., Chacón-Madrigal, E., Mariano-Neto, E., Júnior, V., Kattge, J., and Melo, F.P.L.
Abstract: Aim: Here we examine the functional profile of regional tree species pools across the latitudinal distribution of Neotropical moist forests, and test trait–climate relationships among local communities. We expected opportunistic strategies (acquisitive traits, small seeds) to be overrepresented in species pools further from the equator, but also in terms of abundance in local communities in currently wetter, warmer and more seasonal climates. Location: Neotropics. Time period: Recent. Major taxa studied: Trees. Methods: We obtained abundance data from 471 plots across nine Neotropical regions, including c. 100,000 trees of 3,417 species, in addition to six functional traits. We compared occurrence-based trait distributions among regional species pools, and evaluated single trait–climate relationships across local communities using community abundance-weighted means (CWMs). Multivariate trait–climate relationships were assessed by a double-constrained correspondence analysis that tests both how CWMs relate to climate and how species distributions, parameterized by niche centroids in climate space, relate to their traits. Results: Regional species pools were undistinguished in functional terms, but opportunistic strategies dominated local communities further from the equator, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere. Climate explained up to 57% of the variation in CWM traits, with increasing prevalence of lower-statured, light-wooded and softer-leaved species bearing smaller seeds in more seasonal, wetter and warmer climates. Species distributions were significantly but weakly related to functional traits. Main conclusions: Neotropical moist forest regions share similar sets of functional strategies, from which local assembly processes, driven by current climatic conditions, select for species with different functional strategies. We can thus expect functional responses to climate change driven by changes in relative abundances of species already present regionally. Pa
Published: 2021

24. sPlotOpen:an environmentally balanced, open-access, global dataset of vegetation plots

Author: Sabatini, F. M. (Francesco Maria), Lenoir, J. (Jonathan), Hattab, T. (Tarek), Arnst, E. A. (Elise Aimee), Chytry, M. (Milan), Dengler, J. (Juergen), De Ruffray, P. (Patrice), Hennekens, S. M. (Stephan M.), Jandt, U. (Ute), Jansen, F. (Florian), Jimenez-Alfaro, B. (Borja), Kattge, J. (Jens), Levesley, A. (Aurora), Pillar, V. D. (Valerio D.), Purschke, O. (Oliver), Sandel, B. (Brody), Sultana, F. (Fahmida), Aavik, T. (Tsipe), Acic, S. (Svetlana), Acosta, A. T. (Alicia T. R.), Agrillo, E. (Emiliano), Alvarez, M. (Miguel), Apostolova, I. (Iva), Arfin Khan, M. A. (Mohammed A. S.), Arroyo, L. (Luzmila), Attorre, F. (Fabio), Aubin, I. (Isabelle), Banerjee, A. (Arindam), Bauters, M. (Marijn), Bergeron, Y. (Yves), Bergmeier, E. (Erwin), Biurrun, I. (Idoia), Bjorkman, A. D. (Anne D.), Bonari, G. (Gianmaria), Bondareva, V. (Viktoria), Brunet, J. (Jorg), Carni, A. (Andraz), Casella, L. (Laura), Cayuela, L. (Luis), Cerny, T. (Tomas), Chepinoga, V. (Victor), Csiky, J. (Janos), Custerevska, R. (Renata), De Bie, E. (Els), de Gasper, A. L. (Andre Luis), De Sanctis, M. (Michele), Dimopoulos, P. (Panayotis), Dolezal, J. (Jiri), Dziuba, T. (Tetiana), El-Sheikh, M. A. (Mohamed Abd El-Rouf Mousa), Enquist, B. (Brian), Ewald, J. (Joerg), Fazayeli, F. (Farideh), Field, R. (Richard), Finckh, M. (Manfred), Gachet, S. (Sophie), Galan-de-Mera, A. (Antonio), Garbolino, E. (Emmanuel), Gholizadeh, H. (Hamid), Giorgis, M. (Melisa), Golub, V. (Valentin), Alsos, I. G. (Inger Greve), Grytnes, J.-A. (John-Arvid), Guerin, G. R. (Gregory Richard), Gutierrez, A. G. (Alvaro G.), Haider, S. (Sylvia), Hatim, M. Z. (Mohamed Z.), Herault, B. (Bruno), Hinojos Mendoza, G. (Guillermo), Hoelzel, N. (Norbert), Homeier, J. (Juergen), Hubau, W. (Wannes), Indreica, A. (Adrian), Janssen, J. A. (John A. M.), Jedrzejek, B. (Birgit), Jentsch, A. (Anke), Juergens, N. (Norbert), Kacki, Z. (Zygmunt), Kapfer, J. (Jutta), Karger, D. N. (Dirk Nikolaus), Kavgaci, A. (Ali), Kearsley, E. (Elizabeth), Kessler, M. (Michael), Khanina, L. (Larisa), Killeen, T. (Timothy), Korolyuk, A. (Andrey), Kreft, H. (Holger), Kuehl, H. S. (Hjalmar S.), Kuzemko, A. (Anna), Landucci, F. (Flavia), Lengyel, A. (Attila), Lens, F. (Frederic), Lingner, D. V. (Debora Vanessa), Liu, H. (Hongyan), Lysenko, T. (Tatiana), Mahecha, M. D. (Miguel D.), Marceno, C. (Corrado), Martynenko, V. (Vasiliy), Moeslund, J. E. (Jesper Erenskjold), Monteagudo Mendoza, A. (Abel), Mucina, L. (Ladislav), Muller, J. V. (Jonas V.), Munzinger, J. (Jerome), Naqinezhad, A. (Alireza), Noroozi, J. (Jalil), Nowak, A. (Arkadiusz), Onyshchenko, V. (Viktor), Overbeck, G. E. (Gerhard E.), Partel, M. (Meelis), Pauchard, A. (Anibal), Peet, R. K. (Robert K.), Penuelas, J. (Josep), Perez-Haase, A. (Aaron), Peterka, T. (Tomas), Petrik, P. (Petr), Peyre, G. (Gwendolyn), Phillips, O. L. (Oliver L.), Prokhorov, V. (Vadim), Rasomavicius, V. (Valerijus), Revermann, R. (Rasmus), Rivas-Torres, G. (Gonzalo), Rodwell, J. S. (John S.), Ruprecht, E. (Eszter), Rusina, S. (Solvita), Samimi, C. (Cyrus), Schmidt, M. (Marco), Schrodt, F. (Franziska), Shan, H. (Hanhuai), Shirokikh, P. (Pavel), Sibik, J. (Jozef), Silc, U. (Urban), Sklenar, P. (Petr), Skvorc, Z. (Zeljko), Sparrow, B. (Ben), Sperandii, M. G. (Marta Gaia), Stancic, Z. (Zvjezdana), Svenning, J.-C. (Jens-Christian), Tang, Z. (Zhiyao), Tang, C. Q. (Cindy Q.), Tsiripidis, I. (Ioannis), Vanselow, K. A. (Kim Andre), Vasquez Martinez, R. (Rodolfo), Vassilev, K. (Kiril), Velez-Martin, E. (Eduardo), Venanzoni, R. (Roberto), Vibrans, A. C. (Alexander Christian), Violle, C. (Cyrille), Virtanen, R. (Risto), von Wehrden, H. (Henrik), Wagner, V. (Viktoria), Walker, D. A. (Donald A.), Waller, D. M. (Donald M.), Wang, H.-F. (Hua-Feng), Wesche, K. (Karsten), Whitfeld, T. J. (Timothy J. S.), Willner, W. (Wolfgang), Wiser, S. K. (Susan K.), Wohlgemuth, T. (Thomas), Yamalov, S. (Sergey), Zobel, M. (Martin), Bruelheide, H. (Helge), Sabatini, F. M. (Francesco Maria), Lenoir, J. (Jonathan), Hattab, T. (Tarek), Arnst, E. A. (Elise Aimee), Chytry, M. (Milan), Dengler, J. (Juergen), De Ruffray, P. (Patrice), Hennekens, S. M. (Stephan M.), Jandt, U. (Ute), Jansen, F. (Florian), Jimenez-Alfaro, B. (Borja), Kattge, J. (Jens), Levesley, A. (Aurora), Pillar, V. D. (Valerio D.), Purschke, O. (Oliver), Sandel, B. (Brody), Sultana, F. (Fahmida), Aavik, T. (Tsipe), Acic, S. (Svetlana), Acosta, A. T. (Alicia T. R.), Agrillo, E. (Emiliano), Alvarez, M. (Miguel), Apostolova, I. (Iva), Arfin Khan, M. A. (Mohammed A. S.), Arroyo, L. (Luzmila), Attorre, F. (Fabio), Aubin, I. (Isabelle), Banerjee, A. (Arindam), Bauters, M. (Marijn), Bergeron, Y. (Yves), Bergmeier, E. (Erwin), Biurrun, I. (Idoia), Bjorkman, A. D. (Anne D.), Bonari, G. (Gianmaria), Bondareva, V. (Viktoria), Brunet, J. (Jorg), Carni, A. (Andraz), Casella, L. (Laura), Cayuela, L. (Luis), Cerny, T. (Tomas), Chepinoga, V. (Victor), Csiky, J. (Janos), Custerevska, R. (Renata), De Bie, E. (Els), de Gasper, A. L. (Andre Luis), De Sanctis, M. (Michele), Dimopoulos, P. (Panayotis), Dolezal, J. (Jiri), Dziuba, T. (Tetiana), El-Sheikh, M. A. (Mohamed Abd El-Rouf Mousa), Enquist, B. (Brian), Ewald, J. (Joerg), Fazayeli, F. (Farideh), Field, R. (Richard), Finckh, M. (Manfred), Gachet, S. (Sophie), Galan-de-Mera, A. (Antonio), Garbolino, E. (Emmanuel), Gholizadeh, H. (Hamid), Giorgis, M. (Melisa), Golub, V. (Valentin), Alsos, I. G. (Inger Greve), Grytnes, J.-A. (John-Arvid), Guerin, G. R. (Gregory Richard), Gutierrez, A. G. (Alvaro G.), Haider, S. (Sylvia), Hatim, M. Z. (Mohamed Z.), Herault, B. (Bruno), Hinojos Mendoza, G. (Guillermo), Hoelzel, N. (Norbert), Homeier, J. (Juergen), Hubau, W. (Wannes), Indreica, A. (Adrian), Janssen, J. A. (John A. M.), Jedrzejek, B. (Birgit), Jentsch, A. (Anke), Juergens, N. (Norbert), Kacki, Z. (Zygmunt), Kapfer, J. (Jutta), Karger, D. N. (Dirk Nikolaus), Kavgaci, A. (Ali), Kearsley, E. (Elizabeth), Kessler, M. (Michael), Khanina, L. (Larisa), Killeen, T. (Timothy), Korolyuk, A. (Andrey), Kreft, H. (Holger), Kuehl, H. S. (Hjalmar S.), Kuzemko, A. (Anna), Landucci, F. (Flavia), Lengyel, A. (Attila), Lens, F. (Frederic), Lingner, D. V. (Debora Vanessa), Liu, H. (Hongyan), Lysenko, T. (Tatiana), Mahecha, M. D. (Miguel D.), Marceno, C. (Corrado), Martynenko, V. (Vasiliy), Moeslund, J. E. (Jesper Erenskjold), Monteagudo Mendoza, A. (Abel), Mucina, L. (Ladislav), Muller, J. V. (Jonas V.), Munzinger, J. (Jerome), Naqinezhad, A. (Alireza), Noroozi, J. (Jalil), Nowak, A. (Arkadiusz), Onyshchenko, V. (Viktor), Overbeck, G. E. (Gerhard E.), Partel, M. (Meelis), Pauchard, A. (Anibal), Peet, R. K. (Robert K.), Penuelas, J. (Josep), Perez-Haase, A. (Aaron), Peterka, T. (Tomas), Petrik, P. (Petr), Peyre, G. (Gwendolyn), Phillips, O. L. (Oliver L.), Prokhorov, V. (Vadim), Rasomavicius, V. (Valerijus), Revermann, R. (Rasmus), Rivas-Torres, G. (Gonzalo), Rodwell, J. S. (John S.), Ruprecht, E. (Eszter), Rusina, S. (Solvita), Samimi, C. (Cyrus), Schmidt, M. (Marco), Schrodt, F. (Franziska), Shan, H. (Hanhuai), Shirokikh, P. (Pavel), Sibik, J. (Jozef), Silc, U. (Urban), Sklenar, P. (Petr), Skvorc, Z. (Zeljko), Sparrow, B. (Ben), Sperandii, M. G. (Marta Gaia), Stancic, Z. (Zvjezdana), Svenning, J.-C. (Jens-Christian), Tang, Z. (Zhiyao), Tang, C. Q. (Cindy Q.), Tsiripidis, I. (Ioannis), Vanselow, K. A. (Kim Andre), Vasquez Martinez, R. (Rodolfo), Vassilev, K. (Kiril), Velez-Martin, E. (Eduardo), Venanzoni, R. (Roberto), Vibrans, A. C. (Alexander Christian), Violle, C. (Cyrille), Virtanen, R. (Risto), von Wehrden, H. (Henrik), Wagner, V. (Viktoria), Walker, D. A. (Donald A.), Waller, D. M. (Donald M.), Wang, H.-F. (Hua-Feng), Wesche, K. (Karsten), Whitfeld, T. J. (Timothy J. S.), Willner, W. (Wolfgang), Wiser, S. K. (Susan K.), Wohlgemuth, T. (Thomas), Yamalov, S. (Sergey), Zobel, M. (Martin), and Bruelheide, H. (Helge)
Abstract: Motivation: Assessing biodiversity status and trends in plant communities is critical for understanding, quantifying and predicting the effects of global change on ecosystems. Vegetation plots record the occurrence or abundance of all plant species co-occurring within delimited local areas. This allows species absences to be inferred, information seldom provided by existing global plant datasets. Although many vegetation plots have been recorded, most are not available to the global research community. A recent initiative, called ‘sPlot’, compiled the first global vegetation plot database, and continues to grow and curate it. The sPlot database, however, is extremely unbalanced spatially and environmentally, and is not open-access. Here, we address both these issues by (a) resampling the vegetation plots using several environmental variables as sampling strata and (b) securing permission from data holders of 105 local-to-regional datasets to openly release data. We thus present sPlotOpen, the largest open-access dataset of vegetation plots ever released. sPlotOpen can be used to explore global diversity at the plant community level, as ground truth data in remote sensing applications, or as a baseline for biodiversity monitoring. Main types of variable contained: Vegetation plots (n = 95,104) recording cover or abundance of naturally co-occurring vascular plant species within delimited areas. sPlotOpen contains three partially overlapping resampled datasets (c. 50,000 plots each), to be used as replicates in global analyses. Besides geographical location, date, plot size, biome, elevation, slope, aspect, vegetation type, naturalness, coverage of various vegetation layers, and source dataset, plot-level data also include community-weighted means and variances of 18 plant functional traits from the TRY Plant Trait Database. Spatial location and grain: Global, 0.01–40,000 m². Time period and grain: 1888–2015, recording dates. Major taxa and level of measuremen
Published: 2021

25. Functional biogeography of Neotropical moist forests : Trait–climate relationships and assembly patterns of tree communities

Author: Pinho, B.X., Tabarelli, M., ter Braak, C.J.F., Wright, S.J., Arroyo-Rodríguez, V., Benchimol, M., Engelbrecht, B.M.J., Pierce, S., Hietz, P., Santos, B.A., Peres, C.A., Müller, S.C., Wright, I.J., Bongers, F., Lohbeck, M., Niinemets, Ü., Slot, M., Jansen, S., Jamelli, D., de Lima, R.A.F., Swenson, N., Condit, R., Barlow, J., Slik, F., Hernández-Ruedas, M.A., Mendes, G., Martínez-Ramos, M., Pitman, N., Kraft, N., Garwood, N., Guevara Andino, J.E., Faria, D., Chacón-Madrigal, E., Mariano-Neto, E., Júnior, V., Kattge, J., Melo, F.P.L., Pinho, B.X., Tabarelli, M., ter Braak, C.J.F., Wright, S.J., Arroyo-Rodríguez, V., Benchimol, M., Engelbrecht, B.M.J., Pierce, S., Hietz, P., Santos, B.A., Peres, C.A., Müller, S.C., Wright, I.J., Bongers, F., Lohbeck, M., Niinemets, Ü., Slot, M., Jansen, S., Jamelli, D., de Lima, R.A.F., Swenson, N., Condit, R., Barlow, J., Slik, F., Hernández-Ruedas, M.A., Mendes, G., Martínez-Ramos, M., Pitman, N., Kraft, N., Garwood, N., Guevara Andino, J.E., Faria, D., Chacón-Madrigal, E., Mariano-Neto, E., Júnior, V., Kattge, J., and Melo, F.P.L.
Abstract: Aim: Here we examine the functional profile of regional tree species pools across the latitudinal distribution of Neotropical moist forests, and test trait–climate relationships among local communities. We expected opportunistic strategies (acquisitive traits, small seeds) to be overrepresented in species pools further from the equator, but also in terms of abundance in local communities in currently wetter, warmer and more seasonal climates. Location: Neotropics. Time period: Recent. Major taxa studied: Trees. Methods: We obtained abundance data from 471 plots across nine Neotropical regions, including c. 100,000 trees of 3,417 species, in addition to six functional traits. We compared occurrence-based trait distributions among regional species pools, and evaluated single trait–climate relationships across local communities using community abundance-weighted means (CWMs). Multivariate trait–climate relationships were assessed by a double-constrained correspondence analysis that tests both how CWMs relate to climate and how species distributions, parameterized by niche centroids in climate space, relate to their traits. Results: Regional species pools were undistinguished in functional terms, but opportunistic strategies dominated local communities further from the equator, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere. Climate explained up to 57% of the variation in CWM traits, with increasing prevalence of lower-statured, light-wooded and softer-leaved species bearing smaller seeds in more seasonal, wetter and warmer climates. Species distributions were significantly but weakly related to functional traits. Main conclusions: Neotropical moist forest regions share similar sets of functional strategies, from which local assembly processes, driven by current climatic conditions, select for species with different functional strategies. We can thus expect functional responses to climate change driven by changes in relative abundances of species already present regionally. Pa
Published: 2021

26. The three major axes of terrestrial ecosystem function

Author: Migliavacca, M., Musavi, T., Mahecha, Miguel Dario, Nelson, J.A., Knauer, J., Baldocchi, D.D., Perez-Priego, O., Christiansen, R., Peters, J., Anderson, K., Bahn, M., Black, T.A., Blanken, P.D., Bonal, D., Buchmann, N., Caldararu, S., Carrara, A., Carvalhais, N., Cescatti, A., Chen, J., Cleverly, J., Cremonese, E., Desai, A.R., El-Madany, T.S., Farella, M.M., Fernández-Martínez, M., Filippa, G., Forkel, M., Galvagno, M., Gomarasca, U., Gough, C.M., Göckede, M., Ibrom, A., Ikawa, H., Janssens, I.A., Jung, M., Kattge, J., Keenan, T.F., Knohl, A., Kobayashi, H., Kraemer, G., Law, B.E., Liddell, M.J., Ma, X., Mammarella, I., Martini, D., Macfarlane, C., Matteucci, G., Montagnani, L., Pabon-Moreno, D.E., Panigada, C., Papale, D., Pendall, E., Penuelas, J., Phillips, R.P., Reich, P.B., Rossini, M., Rotenberg, E., Scott, R.L., Stahl, C., Weber, U., Wohlfahrt, G., Wolf, S., Wright, I.J., Yakir, D., Zaehle, S., Reichstein, M., Migliavacca, M., Musavi, T., Mahecha, Miguel Dario, Nelson, J.A., Knauer, J., Baldocchi, D.D., Perez-Priego, O., Christiansen, R., Peters, J., Anderson, K., Bahn, M., Black, T.A., Blanken, P.D., Bonal, D., Buchmann, N., Caldararu, S., Carrara, A., Carvalhais, N., Cescatti, A., Chen, J., Cleverly, J., Cremonese, E., Desai, A.R., El-Madany, T.S., Farella, M.M., Fernández-Martínez, M., Filippa, G., Forkel, M., Galvagno, M., Gomarasca, U., Gough, C.M., Göckede, M., Ibrom, A., Ikawa, H., Janssens, I.A., Jung, M., Kattge, J., Keenan, T.F., Knohl, A., Kobayashi, H., Kraemer, G., Law, B.E., Liddell, M.J., Ma, X., Mammarella, I., Martini, D., Macfarlane, C., Matteucci, G., Montagnani, L., Pabon-Moreno, D.E., Panigada, C., Papale, D., Pendall, E., Penuelas, J., Phillips, R.P., Reich, P.B., Rossini, M., Rotenberg, E., Scott, R.L., Stahl, C., Weber, U., Wohlfahrt, G., Wolf, S., Wright, I.J., Yakir, D., Zaehle, S., and Reichstein, M.
Abstract: The leaf economics spectrum(1,2) and the global spectrum of plant forms and functions(3) revealed fundamental axes of variation in plant traits, which represent different ecological strategies that are shaped by the evolutionary development of plant species(2). Ecosystem functions depend on environmental conditions and the traits of species that comprise the ecological communities(4). However, the axes of variation of ecosystem functions are largely unknown, which limits our understanding of how ecosystems respond as a whole to anthropogenic drivers, climate and environmental variability(4,5). Here we derive a set of ecosystem functions(6) from a dataset of surface gas exchange measurements across major terrestrial biomes. We find that most of the variability within ecosystem functions (71.8%) is captured by three key axes. The first axis reflects maximum ecosystem productivity and is mostly explained by vegetation structure. The second axis reflects ecosystem water-use strategies and is jointly explained by variation in vegetation height and climate. The third axis, which represents ecosystem carbon-use efficiency, features a gradient related to aridity, and is explained primarily by variation in vegetation structure. We show that two state-of-the-art land surface models reproduce the first and most important axis of ecosystem functions. However, the models tend to simulate more strongly correlated functions than those observed, which limits their ability to accurately predict the full range of responses to environmental changes in carbon, water and energy cycling in terrestrial ecosystems(7,8).
Published: 2021

27. Will the tropical land biosphere dominate the climate–carbon cycle feedback during the twenty-first century?

Author: Raddatz, T. J., Reick, C. H., Knorr, W., Kattge, J., Roeckner, E., Schnur, R., Schnitzler, K.-G., Wetzel, P., and Jungclaus, J.
Published: 2007
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28. TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access

Author: Kattge, J, Bönisch, G, Díaz, S, Lavorel, S, Prentice, IC, Leadley, P, Tautenhahn, A, Werner, GDA, Aakala, T, Abedi, M, Acosta, ATR, Adamidis, GC, K, Adamson., Aiba, M, Albert, CH, Alcántara, JM, Alcázar, C, Aleixo, I, Ali, H, Amiaud, B, Ammer, C, Amoroso, MM, Anand, M, Anderson, C, Anten, N, Antos, J, Apgaua, DMG, Ashman, TL, Asmara, DH, Asner, GP, Aspinwall, M, Atkin, O, Aubin, I, Baastrup-Spohr, L, Bahalkeh, K, Bahn, M, Baker, T, Baker, WJ, Bakker, JP, Baldocchi, D, Baltzer, J, Banerjee, A, Baranger, A, Barlow, J, Barneche, DR, Baruch, Z, Bastianelli, D, Battles, J, Salguero-Gomez, R, and Terrestrial Ecology (TE)
Subjects: Access to Information, Ecology, Plan_S-Compliant-TA, international, food and beverages, Biodiversity, Plants, Ecosystem
Abstract: Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.
Published: 2020

29. Global plant trait relationships extend to the climatic extremes of the tundra biome

Author: Thomas, HJD, Bjorkman, AD, Myers-Smith, IH, Elmendorf, SC, Kattge, J, Diaz, S, Vellend, M, Blok, D, Cornelissen, JHC, Forbes, BC, Henry, GHR, Hollister, RD, Normand, S, Prevéy, JS, Rixen, C, Schaepman-Strub, G, Wilmking, M, Wipf, S, Cornwell, WK, Beck, PSA, Georges, D, Goetz, SJ, Guay, KC, Rüger, N, Soudzilovskaia, NA, Spasojevic, MJ, Alatalo, JM, Alexander, HD, Anadon-Rosell, A, Angers-Blondin, S, Te Beest, M, Berner, LT, Björk, RG, Buchwal, A, Buras, A, Carbognani, M, Christie, KS, Collier, LS, Cooper, EJ, Elberling, B, Eskelinen, A, Frei, ER, Grau, O, Grogan, P, Hallinger, M, Heijmans, MMPD, Hermanutz, L, Hudson, JMG, Johnstone, JF, Hülber, K, Iturrate-Garcia, M, Iversen, CM, Jaroszynska, F, Kaarlejarvi, E, Kulonen, A, Lamarque, LJ, Lantz, TC, Lévesque, E, Little, CJ, Michelsen, A, Milbau, A, Nabe-Nielsen, J, Nielsen, SS, Ninot, JM, Oberbauer, SF, Olofsson, J, Onipchenko, VG, Petraglia, A, Rumpf, SB, Shetti, R, Speed, JDM, Suding, KN, Tape, KD, Tomaselli, M, Trant, AJ, Treier, UA, Tremblay, M, Venn, SE, Vowles, T, Weijers, S, Wookey, PA, Zamin, TJ, Bahn, M, Blonder, B, van Bodegom, PM, Bond-Lamberty, B, Campetella, G, Cerabolini, BEL, Chapin, FS, Craine, JM, Dainese, M, Green, WA, Jansen, S, Kleyer, M, Manning, P, Niinemets, Ü, Onoda, Y, Ozinga, WA, Peñuelas, J, and Poschlod, P
Subjects: Climate, food and beverages, Plant Development, Plants, Tundra, Ecosystem
Abstract: The majority of variation in six traits critical to the growth, survival and reproduction of plant species is thought to be organised along just two dimensions, corresponding to strategies of plant size and resource acquisition. However, it is unknown whether global plant trait relationships extend to climatic extremes, and if these interspecific relationships are confounded by trait variation within species. We test whether trait relationships extend to the cold extremes of life on Earth using the largest database of tundra plant traits yet compiled. We show that tundra plants demonstrate remarkably similar resource economic traits, but not size traits, compared to global distributions, and exhibit the same two dimensions of trait variation. Three quarters of trait variation occurs among species, mirroring global estimates of interspecific trait variation. Plant trait relationships are thus generalizable to the edge of global trait-space, informing prediction of plant community change in a warming world.
Published: 2020

30. TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access

Author: Kattge, J., Bönisch, G., Díaz, S., Lavorel, S., Prentice, I., Leadley, P., Tautenhahn, S., Werner, G., and Günther, A.
Subjects: data coverage, data integration, data representativeness, functional diversity, plant traits, TRY plant trait database, ddc:570, food and beverages
Abstract: Plant traits—the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants—determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits—almost complete coverage for ‘plant growth form’. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait–environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives. published
Published: 2020

31. A Methodology to Derive Global Maps of Leaf Traits Using Remote Sensing and Climate Data

Author: Moreno-Martinez, A., Camps-Valls, G., Kattge, J., Robinson, N., Reichstein, M., Bodegom, P.M. van, Kramer, K., Cornelissen, J., Hans, C., Reich, P., Bahn, M., Niinemets, U., Penuelas, J., Craine, J.M., Cerabolini, B.E.L., Minden, V., Laughlin, D.C., Sack, L., Allred, B., Baraloto, C., Byun, C., Soudzilovskaia, N.A., Running, S.W., Biology, and Systems Ecology
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, FOS: Computer and information sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Specific leaf area, Climate, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Soil Science, FOS: Physical sciences, Applied Physics (physics.app-ph), 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Statistics - Applications, Goodness of fit, Abundance (ecology), Machine learning, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Applications (stat.AP), Computers in Earth Sciences, Plant ecology, Vegetatie, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Mathematics, 2. Zero hunger, Plant traits, Vegetation, Data stream mining, Landsat, MODIS, Random forests, Geology, Global Map, Regression analysis, Physics - Applied Physics, 15. Life on land, PE&RC, Random forest, Trait, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology
Abstract: This paper introduces a modular processing chain to derive global high-resolution maps of leaf traits. In particular, we present global maps at 500 m resolution of specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen and phosphorus content per dry mass, and leaf nitrogen/phosphorus ratio. The processing chain exploits machine learning techniques along with optical remote sensing data (MODIS/Landsat) and climate data for gap filling and up-scaling of in-situ measured leaf traits. The chain first uses random forests regression with surrogates to fill gaps in the database (> 45% of missing entries) and maximizes the global representativeness of the trait dataset. Plant species are then aggregated to Plant Functional Types (PFTs). Next, the spatial abundance of PFTs at MODIS resolution (500 m) is calculated using Landsat data (30 m). Based on these PFT abundances, representative trait values are calculated for MODIS pixels with nearby trait data. Finally, different regression algorithms are applied to globally predict trait estimates from these MODIS pixels using remote sensing and climate data. The methods were compared in terms of precision, robustness and efficiency. The best model (random forests regression) shows good precision (normalized RMSE≤ 20%) and goodness of fit (averaged Pearson's correlation R = 0.78) in any considered trait. Along with the estimated global maps of leaf traits, we provide associated uncertainty estimates derived from the regression models. The process chain is modular, and can easily accommodate new traits, data streams (traits databases and remote sensing data), and methods. The machine learning techniques applied allow attribution of information gain to data input and thus provide the opportunity to understand trait-environment relationships at the plant and ecosystem scales. The new data products – the gap-filled trait matrix, a global map of PFT abundance per MODIS gridcells and the high-resolution global leaf trait maps – are complementary to existing large-scale observations of the land surface and we therefore anticipate substantial contributions to advances in quantifying, understanding and prediction of the Earth system.
Published: 2020
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32. Global plant trait relationships extend to the climatic extremes of the tundra biome

Author: Thomas, H. J. D., Bjorkman, A. D., Myers-Smith, I. H., Elmendorf, S. C., Kattge, J., Diaz, S., Vellend, M., Blok, D., Cornelissen, J. H. C., Forbes, B. C., Henry, G. H. R., Hollister, R. D., Normand, S., Prevey, J. S., Rixen, C., Schaepman-Strub, G., Wilmking, M., Wipf, S., Cornwell, W. K., Beck, P. S. A., Georges, D., Goetz, S. J., Guay, K. C., Ruger, N., Soudzilovskaia, N. A., Spasojevic, M. J., Alatalo, J. M., Alexander, H. D., Anadon-Rosell, A., Angers-Blondin, S., te Beest, Mariska, Berner, L. T., Bjoerk, R. G., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Carbognani, M., Christie, K. S., Collier, L. S., Cooper, E. J., Elberling, B., Eskelinen, A., Frei, E. R., Grau, O., Grogan, P., Hallinger, M., Heijmans, M. M. P. D., Hermanutz, L., Hudson, J. M. G., Johnstone, J. F., Huelber, K., Iturrate-Garcia, M., Iversen, C. M., Jaroszynska, F., Kaarlejarvi, E., Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L. J., Lantz, T. C., Levesque, E., Little, C. J., Michelsen, A., Milbau, A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Nielsen, S. S., Ninot, J. M., Oberbauer, S. F., Olofsson, Johan, Onipchenko, V. G., Petraglia, A., Rumpf, S. B., Shetti, R., Speed, J. D. M., Suding, K. N., Tape, K. D., Tomaselli, M., Trant, A. J., Treier, U. A., Tremblay, M., Venn, S. E., Vowles, T., Weijers, S., Wookey, P. A., Zamin, T. J., Bahn, M., Blonder, B., van Bodegom, P. M., Bond-Lamberty, B., Campetella, G., Cerabolini, B. E. L., Chapin, F. S. , I I I, Craine, J. M., Dainese, M., Green, W. A., Jansen, S., Kleyer, M., Manning, P., Niinemets, U., Onoda, Y., Ozinga, W. A., Penuelas, J., Poschlod, P., Reich, P. B., Sandel, B., Schamp, B. S., Sheremetiev, S. N., de Vries, F. T., Thomas, H. J. D., Bjorkman, A. D., Myers-Smith, I. H., Elmendorf, S. C., Kattge, J., Diaz, S., Vellend, M., Blok, D., Cornelissen, J. H. C., Forbes, B. C., Henry, G. H. R., Hollister, R. D., Normand, S., Prevey, J. S., Rixen, C., Schaepman-Strub, G., Wilmking, M., Wipf, S., Cornwell, W. K., Beck, P. S. A., Georges, D., Goetz, S. J., Guay, K. C., Ruger, N., Soudzilovskaia, N. A., Spasojevic, M. J., Alatalo, J. M., Alexander, H. D., Anadon-Rosell, A., Angers-Blondin, S., te Beest, Mariska, Berner, L. T., Bjoerk, R. G., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Carbognani, M., Christie, K. S., Collier, L. S., Cooper, E. J., Elberling, B., Eskelinen, A., Frei, E. R., Grau, O., Grogan, P., Hallinger, M., Heijmans, M. M. P. D., Hermanutz, L., Hudson, J. M. G., Johnstone, J. F., Huelber, K., Iturrate-Garcia, M., Iversen, C. M., Jaroszynska, F., Kaarlejarvi, E., Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L. J., Lantz, T. C., Levesque, E., Little, C. J., Michelsen, A., Milbau, A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Nielsen, S. S., Ninot, J. M., Oberbauer, S. F., Olofsson, Johan, Onipchenko, V. G., Petraglia, A., Rumpf, S. B., Shetti, R., Speed, J. D. M., Suding, K. N., Tape, K. D., Tomaselli, M., Trant, A. J., Treier, U. A., Tremblay, M., Venn, S. E., Vowles, T., Weijers, S., Wookey, P. A., Zamin, T. J., Bahn, M., Blonder, B., van Bodegom, P. M., Bond-Lamberty, B., Campetella, G., Cerabolini, B. E. L., Chapin, F. S. , I I I, Craine, J. M., Dainese, M., Green, W. A., Jansen, S., Kleyer, M., Manning, P., Niinemets, U., Onoda, Y., Ozinga, W. A., Penuelas, J., Poschlod, P., Reich, P. B., Sandel, B., Schamp, B. S., Sheremetiev, S. N., and de Vries, F. T.
Abstract: The majority of variation in six traits critical to the growth, survival and reproduction of plant species is thought to be organised along just two dimensions, corresponding to strategies of plant size and resource acquisition. However, it is unknown whether global plant trait relationships extend to climatic extremes, and if these interspecific relationships are confounded by trait variation within species. We test whether trait relationships extend to the cold extremes of life on Earth using the largest database of tundra plant traits yet compiled. We show that tundra plants demonstrate remarkably similar resource economic traits, but not size traits, compared to global distributions, and exhibit the same two dimensions of trait variation. Three quarters of trait variation occurs among species, mirroring global estimates of interspecific trait variation. Plant trait relationships are thus generalizable to the edge of global trait-space, informing prediction of plant community change in a warming world.
Published: 2020
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33. Global plant trait relationships extend to the climatic extremes of the tundra biome

Author: Spatial Ecology and Global Change, Environmental Sciences, Thomas, H. J. D., Bjorkman, A. D., Myers-Smith, I. H., Elmendorf, S. C., Kattge, J., Diaz, S., Vellend, M., Blok, D., Cornelissen, J. H. C., Forbes, B. C., Henry, G. H. R., Hollister, R. D., Normand, S., Prevéy, J. S., Rixen, C., Schaepman-Strub, G., Wilmking, M., Wipf, S., Cornwell, W. K., Beck, P. S. A., Georges, D., Goetz, S. J., Guay, K. C., Rüger, N., Soudzilovskaia, N. A., Spasojevic, M. J., Alatalo, J. M., Alexander, H. D., Anadon-Rosell, A., Angers-Blondin, S., te Beest, M., Berner, L. T., Björk, R. G., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Carbognani, M., Christie, K. S., Collier, L. S., Cooper, E. J., Elberling, B., Eskelinen, A., Frei, E. R., Grau, O., Grogan, P., Hallinger, M., Heijmans, M. M. P. D., Hermanutz, L., Hudson, J. M. G., Johnstone, J. F., Hülber, K., Iturrate-Garcia, M., Iversen, C. M., Jaroszynska, F., Kaarlejarvi, E., Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L. J., Lantz, T. C., Lévesque, E., Little, C. J., Michelsen, A., Milbau, A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Nielsen, S. S., Ninot, J. M., Oberbauer, S. F., Olofsson, J., Onipchenko, V. G., Petraglia, A., Rumpf, S. B., Shetti, R., Speed, J. D. M., Suding, K. N., Tape, K. D., Tomaselli, M., Trant, A. J., Treier, U. A., Tremblay, M., Venn, S. E., Vowles, T., Weijers, S., Wookey, P. A., Zamin, T. J., Bahn, M., Blonder, B., van Bodegom, P. M., Bond-Lamberty, B., Campetella, G., Cerabolini, B. E. L., Chapin, F. S., Craine, J. M., Dainese, M., Green, W. A., Jansen, S., Kleyer, M., Manning, P., Niinemets, Ü., Onoda, Y., Ozinga, W. A., Peñuelas, J., Poschlod, P., Reich, P. B., Sandel, B., Schamp, B. S., Sheremetiev, S. N., de Vries, F. T., Spatial Ecology and Global Change, Environmental Sciences, Thomas, H. J. D., Bjorkman, A. D., Myers-Smith, I. H., Elmendorf, S. C., Kattge, J., Diaz, S., Vellend, M., Blok, D., Cornelissen, J. H. C., Forbes, B. C., Henry, G. H. R., Hollister, R. D., Normand, S., Prevéy, J. S., Rixen, C., Schaepman-Strub, G., Wilmking, M., Wipf, S., Cornwell, W. K., Beck, P. S. A., Georges, D., Goetz, S. J., Guay, K. C., Rüger, N., Soudzilovskaia, N. A., Spasojevic, M. J., Alatalo, J. M., Alexander, H. D., Anadon-Rosell, A., Angers-Blondin, S., te Beest, M., Berner, L. T., Björk, R. G., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Carbognani, M., Christie, K. S., Collier, L. S., Cooper, E. J., Elberling, B., Eskelinen, A., Frei, E. R., Grau, O., Grogan, P., Hallinger, M., Heijmans, M. M. P. D., Hermanutz, L., Hudson, J. M. G., Johnstone, J. F., Hülber, K., Iturrate-Garcia, M., Iversen, C. M., Jaroszynska, F., Kaarlejarvi, E., Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L. J., Lantz, T. C., Lévesque, E., Little, C. J., Michelsen, A., Milbau, A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Nielsen, S. S., Ninot, J. M., Oberbauer, S. F., Olofsson, J., Onipchenko, V. G., Petraglia, A., Rumpf, S. B., Shetti, R., Speed, J. D. M., Suding, K. N., Tape, K. D., Tomaselli, M., Trant, A. J., Treier, U. A., Tremblay, M., Venn, S. E., Vowles, T., Weijers, S., Wookey, P. A., Zamin, T. J., Bahn, M., Blonder, B., van Bodegom, P. M., Bond-Lamberty, B., Campetella, G., Cerabolini, B. E. L., Chapin, F. S., Craine, J. M., Dainese, M., Green, W. A., Jansen, S., Kleyer, M., Manning, P., Niinemets, Ü., Onoda, Y., Ozinga, W. A., Peñuelas, J., Poschlod, P., Reich, P. B., Sandel, B., Schamp, B. S., Sheremetiev, S. N., and de Vries, F. T.
Published: 2020

34. Open science principles for accelerating trait-based science across the Tree of Life

Author: Gallagher, RV, Falster, DS, Maitner, BS, Salguero-Gómez, R, Vandvik, V, Pearse, WD, Schneider, FD, Kattge, J, Poelen, JH, Madin, JS, Ankenbrand, MJ, Penone, C, Feng, X, Adams, VM, Alroy, J, Andrew, SC, Balk, MA, Bland, Lucie, Boyle, BL, Bravo-Avila, CH, et al., Gallagher, RV, Falster, DS, Maitner, BS, Salguero-Gómez, R, Vandvik, V, Pearse, WD, Schneider, FD, Kattge, J, Poelen, JH, Madin, JS, Ankenbrand, MJ, Penone, C, Feng, X, Adams, VM, Alroy, J, Andrew, SC, Balk, MA, Bland, Lucie, Boyle, BL, Bravo-Avila, CH, and et al.
Published: 2020

35. Global plant trait relationships extend to the climatic extremes of the tundra biome

Author: Thomas, H. J. (H. J. D.), Bjorkman, A. D. (A. D.), Myers-Smith, I. H. (I. H.), Elmendorf, S. C. (S. C.), Kattge, J. (J.), Diaz, S. (S.), Vellend, M. (M.), Blok, D. (D.), Cornelissen, J. H. (J. H. C.), Forbes, B. C. (B. C.), Henry, G. H. (G. H. R.), Hollister, R. D. (R. D.), Normand, S. (S.), Prevey, J. S. (J. S.), Rixen, C. (C.), Schaepman-Strub, G. (G.), Wilmking, M. (M.), Wipf, S. (S.), Cornwell, W. K. (W. K.), Beck, P. S. (P. S. A.), Georges, D. (D.), Goetz, S. J. (S. J.), Guay, K. C. (K. C.), Ruger, N. (N.), Soudzilovskaia, N. A. (N. A.), Spasojevic, M. J. (M. J.), Alatalo, J. M. (J. M.), Alexander, H. D. (H. D.), Anadon-Rosell, A. (A.), Angers-Blondin, S. (S.), te Beest, M. (M.), Berner, L. T. (L. T.), Bjoerk, R. G. (R. G.), Buchwal, A. (A.), Buras, A. (A.), Carbognani, M. (M.), Christie, K. S. (K. S.), Collier, L. S. (L. S.), Cooper, E. J. (E. J.), Elberling, B. (B.), Eskelinen, A. (A.), Frei, E. R. (E. R.), Grau, O. (O.), Grogan, P. (P.), Hallinger, M. (M.), Heijmans, M. M. (M. M. P. D.), Hermanutz, L. (L.), Hudson, J. M. (J. M. G.), Johnstone, J. F. (J. F.), Huelber, K. (K.), Iturrate-Garcia, M. (M.), Iversen, C. M. (C. M.), Jaroszynska, F. (F.), Kaarlejarvi, E. (E.), Kulonen, A. (A.), Lamarque, L. J. (L. J.), Lantz, T. C. (T. C.), Levesque, E. (E.), Little, C. J. (C. J.), Michelsen, A. (A.), Milbau, A. (A.), Nabe-Nielsen, J. (J.), Nielsen, S. S. (S. S.), Ninot, J. M. (J. M.), Oberbauer, S. F. (S. F.), Olofsson, J. (J.), Onipchenko, V. G. (V. G.), Petraglia, A. (A.), Rumpf, S. B. (S. B.), Shetti, R. (R.), Speed, J. D. (J. D. M.), Suding, K. N. (K. N.), Tape, K. D. (K. D.), Tomaselli, M. (M.), Trant, A. J. (A. J.), Treier, U. A. (U. A.), Tremblay, M. (M.), Venn, S. E. (S. E.), Vowles, T. (T.), Weijers, S. (S.), Wookey, P. A. (P. A.), Zamin, T. J. (T. J.), Bahn, M. (M.), Blonder, B. (B.), van Bodegom, P. M. (P. M.), Bond-Lamberty, B. (B.), Campetella, G. (G.), Cerabolini, B. E. (B. E. L.), Chapin, F. S. (F. S., III), Craine, J. M. (J. M.), Dainese, M. (M.), Green, W. A. (W. A.), Jansen, S. (S.), Kleyer, M. (M.), Manning, P. (P.), Niinemets, U. (U.), Onoda, Y. (Y.), Ozinga, W. A. (W. A.), Penuelas, J. (J.), Poschlod, P. (P.), Reich, P. B. (P. B.), Sandel, B. (B.), Schamp, B. S. (B. S.), Sheremetiev, S. N. (S. N.), de Vries, F. T. (F. T.), Thomas, H. J. (H. J. D.), Bjorkman, A. D. (A. D.), Myers-Smith, I. H. (I. H.), Elmendorf, S. C. (S. C.), Kattge, J. (J.), Diaz, S. (S.), Vellend, M. (M.), Blok, D. (D.), Cornelissen, J. H. (J. H. C.), Forbes, B. C. (B. C.), Henry, G. H. (G. H. R.), Hollister, R. D. (R. D.), Normand, S. (S.), Prevey, J. S. (J. S.), Rixen, C. (C.), Schaepman-Strub, G. (G.), Wilmking, M. (M.), Wipf, S. (S.), Cornwell, W. K. (W. K.), Beck, P. S. (P. S. A.), Georges, D. (D.), Goetz, S. J. (S. J.), Guay, K. C. (K. C.), Ruger, N. (N.), Soudzilovskaia, N. A. (N. A.), Spasojevic, M. J. (M. J.), Alatalo, J. M. (J. M.), Alexander, H. D. (H. D.), Anadon-Rosell, A. (A.), Angers-Blondin, S. (S.), te Beest, M. (M.), Berner, L. T. (L. T.), Bjoerk, R. G. (R. G.), Buchwal, A. (A.), Buras, A. (A.), Carbognani, M. (M.), Christie, K. S. (K. S.), Collier, L. S. (L. S.), Cooper, E. J. (E. J.), Elberling, B. (B.), Eskelinen, A. (A.), Frei, E. R. (E. R.), Grau, O. (O.), Grogan, P. (P.), Hallinger, M. (M.), Heijmans, M. M. (M. M. P. D.), Hermanutz, L. (L.), Hudson, J. M. (J. M. G.), Johnstone, J. F. (J. F.), Huelber, K. (K.), Iturrate-Garcia, M. (M.), Iversen, C. M. (C. M.), Jaroszynska, F. (F.), Kaarlejarvi, E. (E.), Kulonen, A. (A.), Lamarque, L. J. (L. J.), Lantz, T. C. (T. C.), Levesque, E. (E.), Little, C. J. (C. J.), Michelsen, A. (A.), Milbau, A. (A.), Nabe-Nielsen, J. (J.), Nielsen, S. S. (S. S.), Ninot, J. M. (J. M.), Oberbauer, S. F. (S. F.), Olofsson, J. (J.), Onipchenko, V. G. (V. G.), Petraglia, A. (A.), Rumpf, S. B. (S. B.), Shetti, R. (R.), Speed, J. D. (J. D. M.), Suding, K. N. (K. N.), Tape, K. D. (K. D.), Tomaselli, M. (M.), Trant, A. J. (A. J.), Treier, U. A. (U. A.), Tremblay, M. (M.), Venn, S. E. (S. E.), Vowles, T. (T.), Weijers, S. (S.), Wookey, P. A. (P. A.), Zamin, T. J. (T. J.), Bahn, M. (M.), Blonder, B. (B.), van Bodegom, P. M. (P. M.), Bond-Lamberty, B. (B.), Campetella, G. (G.), Cerabolini, B. E. (B. E. L.), Chapin, F. S. (F. S., III), Craine, J. M. (J. M.), Dainese, M. (M.), Green, W. A. (W. A.), Jansen, S. (S.), Kleyer, M. (M.), Manning, P. (P.), Niinemets, U. (U.), Onoda, Y. (Y.), Ozinga, W. A. (W. A.), Penuelas, J. (J.), Poschlod, P. (P.), Reich, P. B. (P. B.), Sandel, B. (B.), Schamp, B. S. (B. S.), Sheremetiev, S. N. (S. N.), and de Vries, F. T. (F. T.)
Abstract: The majority of variation in six traits critical to the growth, survival and reproduction of plant species is thought to be organised along just two dimensions, corresponding to strategies of plant size and resource acquisition. However, it is unknown whether global plant trait relationships extend to climatic extremes, and if these interspecific relationships are confounded by trait variation within species. We test whether trait relationships extend to the cold extremes of life on Earth using the largest database of tundra plant traits yet compiled. We show that tundra plants demonstrate remarkably similar resource economic traits, but not size traits, compared to global distributions, and exhibit the same two dimensions of trait variation. Three quarters of trait variation occurs among species, mirroring global estimates of interspecific trait variation. Plant trait relationships are thus generalizable to the edge of global trait-space, informing prediction of plant community change in a warming world.
Published: 2020

36. The results of biodiversity–ecosystem functioning experiments are realistic

Author: Jochum, M., Fischer, M., Isbell, F., Roscher, Christiane, van der Plas, F., Boch, S., Boenisch, G., Buchmann, N., Catford, J.A., Cavender-Bares, J., Ebeling, A., Eisenhauer, N., Gleixner, G., Hölzel, N., Kattge, J., Klaus, V.H., Kleinebecker, T., Lange, M., Le Provost, G., Meyer, S.T., Molina-Venegas, R., Mommer, L., Oelmann, Y., Penone, C., Prati, D., Reich, P.B., Rindisbacher, A., Schäfer, D., Scheu, S., Schmid, B., Tilman, D., Tscharntke, T., Vogel, A., Wagg, C., Weigelt, A., Weisser, W.W., Wilcke, W., Manning, P., Jochum, M., Fischer, M., Isbell, F., Roscher, Christiane, van der Plas, F., Boch, S., Boenisch, G., Buchmann, N., Catford, J.A., Cavender-Bares, J., Ebeling, A., Eisenhauer, N., Gleixner, G., Hölzel, N., Kattge, J., Klaus, V.H., Kleinebecker, T., Lange, M., Le Provost, G., Meyer, S.T., Molina-Venegas, R., Mommer, L., Oelmann, Y., Penone, C., Prati, D., Reich, P.B., Rindisbacher, A., Schäfer, D., Scheu, S., Schmid, B., Tilman, D., Tscharntke, T., Vogel, A., Wagg, C., Weigelt, A., Weisser, W.W., Wilcke, W., and Manning, P.
Abstract: A large body of research shows that biodiversity loss can reduce ecosystem functioning. However, much of the evidence for this relationship is drawn from biodiversity–ecosystem functioning experiments in which biodiversity loss is simulated by randomly assembling communities of varying species diversity, and ecosystem functions are measured. This random assembly has led some ecologists to question the relevance of biodiversity experiments to real-world ecosystems, where community assembly or disassembly may be non-random and influenced by external drivers, such as climate, soil conditions or land use. Here, we compare data from real-world grassland plant communities with data from two of the largest and longest-running grassland biodiversity experiments (the Jena Experiment in Germany and BioDIV in the United States) in terms of their taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity and functional-trait composition. We found that plant communities of biodiversity experiments cover almost all of the multivariate variation of the real-world communities, while also containing community types that are not currently observed in the real world. Moreover, they have greater variance in their compositional features than their real-world counterparts. We then re-analysed a subset of experimental data that included only ecologically realistic communities (that is, those comparable to real-world communities). For 10 out of 12 biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships, biodiversity effects did not differ significantly between the full dataset of biodiversity experiments and the ecologically realistic subset of experimental communities. Although we do not provide direct evidence for strong or consistent biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships in real-world communities, our results demonstrate that the results of biodiversity experiments are largely insensitive to the exclusion of unrealistic communities and that the conclusions drawn from biodiversity experiments
Published: 2020

37. Global plant trait relationships extend to the climatic extremes of the tundra biome

Author: Thomas, H.J.D., Bjorkman, A.D., Myers-Smith, I.H., Elmendorf, S.C., Kattge, J., Diaz, S., Vellend, M., Blok, D., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Forbes, B.C., Henry, G.H.R., Hollister, R.D., Normand, S., Prevéy, J.S., Rixen, C., Schaepman-Strub, G., Wilmking, M., Wipf, S., Cornwell, W.K., Beck, P.S.A., Georges, D., Goetz, S.J., Guay, K.C., Rüger, N., Soudzilovskaia, N.A., Spasojevic, M.J., Alatalo, J.M., Alexander, H.D., Anadon-Rosell, A., Angers-Blondin, S., te Beest, M., Berner, L.T., Björk, R.G., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Carbognani, M., Christie, K.S., Collier, L.S., Cooper, E.J., Elberling, B., Eskelinen, Anu Maria, Frei, E.R., Grau, O., Grogan, P., Hallinger, M., Heijmans, M.M.P.D., Hermanutz, L., Hudson, J.M.G., Johnstone, J.F., Hülber, K., Iturrate-Garcia, M., Iversen, C.M., Jaroszynska, F., Kaarlejarvi, E., Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L.J., Lantz, T.C., Lévesque, E., Little, C.J., Michelsen, A., Milbau, A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Nielsen, S.S., Ninot, J.M., Oberbauer, S.F., Olofsson, J., Onipchenko, V.G., Petraglia, A., Rumpf, S.B., Shetti, R., Speed, J.D.M., Suding, K.N., Tape, K.D., Tomaselli, M., Trant, A.J., Treier, U.A., Tremblay, M., Venn, S.E., Vowles, T., Weijers, S., Wookey, P.A., Zamin, T.J., Bahn, M., Blonder, B., van Bodegom, P.M., Bond-Lamberty, B., Campetella, G., Cerabolini, B.E.L., Chapin III, F.S., Craine, J.M., Dainese, M., Green, W.A., Jansen, S., Kleyer, M., Manning, P., Niinemets, Ü., Onoda, Y., Ozinga, W.A., Peñuelas, J., Poschlod, P., Thomas, H.J.D., Bjorkman, A.D., Myers-Smith, I.H., Elmendorf, S.C., Kattge, J., Diaz, S., Vellend, M., Blok, D., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Forbes, B.C., Henry, G.H.R., Hollister, R.D., Normand, S., Prevéy, J.S., Rixen, C., Schaepman-Strub, G., Wilmking, M., Wipf, S., Cornwell, W.K., Beck, P.S.A., Georges, D., Goetz, S.J., Guay, K.C., Rüger, N., Soudzilovskaia, N.A., Spasojevic, M.J., Alatalo, J.M., Alexander, H.D., Anadon-Rosell, A., Angers-Blondin, S., te Beest, M., Berner, L.T., Björk, R.G., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Carbognani, M., Christie, K.S., Collier, L.S., Cooper, E.J., Elberling, B., Eskelinen, Anu Maria, Frei, E.R., Grau, O., Grogan, P., Hallinger, M., Heijmans, M.M.P.D., Hermanutz, L., Hudson, J.M.G., Johnstone, J.F., Hülber, K., Iturrate-Garcia, M., Iversen, C.M., Jaroszynska, F., Kaarlejarvi, E., Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L.J., Lantz, T.C., Lévesque, E., Little, C.J., Michelsen, A., Milbau, A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Nielsen, S.S., Ninot, J.M., Oberbauer, S.F., Olofsson, J., Onipchenko, V.G., Petraglia, A., Rumpf, S.B., Shetti, R., Speed, J.D.M., Suding, K.N., Tape, K.D., Tomaselli, M., Trant, A.J., Treier, U.A., Tremblay, M., Venn, S.E., Vowles, T., Weijers, S., Wookey, P.A., Zamin, T.J., Bahn, M., Blonder, B., van Bodegom, P.M., Bond-Lamberty, B., Campetella, G., Cerabolini, B.E.L., Chapin III, F.S., Craine, J.M., Dainese, M., Green, W.A., Jansen, S., Kleyer, M., Manning, P., Niinemets, Ü., Onoda, Y., Ozinga, W.A., Peñuelas, J., and Poschlod, P.
Abstract: The majority of variation in six traits critical to the growth, survival and reproduction of plant species is thought to be organised along just two dimensions, corresponding to strategies of plant size and resource acquisition. However, it is unknown whether global plant trait relationships extend to climatic extremes, and if these interspecific relationships are confounded by trait variation within species. We test whether trait relationships extend to the cold extremes of life on Earth using the largest database of tundra plant traits yet compiled. We show that tundra plants demonstrate remarkably similar resource economic traits, but not size traits, compared to global distributions, and exhibit the same two dimensions of trait variation. Three quarters of trait variation occurs among species, mirroring global estimates of interspecific trait variation. Plant trait relationships are thus generalizable to the edge of global trait-space, informing prediction of plant community change in a warming world.
Published: 2020

38. TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access

Author: Kattge, J., Bönisch, G., Díaz, S., Lavorel, S., Prentice, I.C., Leadley, P., Tautenhahn, S., Werner, G.D.A., Aakala, T., Abedi, M., and Soudzilovskaia, N.A.
Subjects: Morphology, Data Integration, Conservación de la Diversidad Biológica, Landscape Conservation, Factores Ambientales, Cobertura de Datos, Base de Datos, TRY Base de Datos de Características de las Plantas, Ecosistemas, Ecosystems, Databases, Morfología, Physiological Functions, Representatividad de los Datos, Conservación de Paisaje, Compuestos Bioquímicos, Vegetation, Biochemical Compounds, Functional Diversity, food and beverages, Vegetación, TRY Plant Trait Database, Cubierta Vegetal, Plant Traits, Plant Cover, Fenología, Phenology, Data Representativeness, Data Coverage, Características de las Plantas, Integración de Datos, Biodiversity Conservation, Funciones Fisiológicas, Diversidad Funcional, biological, Environmental Factors
Abstract: Plant traits—the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants—determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait‐based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits—almost complete coverage for ‘plant growth form’. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait–environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives. EEA Santa Cruz Fil: Kattge, Jens. Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry; Alemania Fil: Kattge, Jens. German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv). Halle-Jena Leipzig; Alemania Fil: Bönisch, Gerhard. Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry; Alemania Fil: Díaz, Sandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV); Argentina. Fil: Díaz, Sandra. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Argentina. Fil: Lavorel, Sandra. Université Grenoble Alpes. CNRS; Francia. Fil: Lavorel, Sandra. Université Savoie Mont Blanc. LECA; Francia. Fil: Colin Prentice, Iain. Imperial College; Reino Unido Fil: Leadley, Paul. University of Paris-Sud. Ecologie Systématique Evolution. CNRS; Francia Fil: Leadley, Paul. Université Paris-Saclay. AgroParisTech; Francia. Fil: Wirth, Christian. Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry; Alemania Fil: Wirth, Christian. German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv). Halle-Jena Leipzig; Alemania Fil: Wirth, Christian. University of Leipzig; Alemania Fil: Tautenhahn, Susanne. Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry; Alemania Fil: Tautenhahn, Susanne. German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv). Halle-Jena Leipzig; Alemania Fil: Werner, Gijsbert D.A. University of Oxford. Department of Zoology; Reino Unido Fil: Werner, Gijsbert D.A. University of Oxford. Balliol College; Reino Unido Fil: Gargaglione Verónica Beatriz. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina. Fil: Gargaglione Verónica Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina. Fil: Gargaglione Verónica Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina. Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina. Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.
Published: 2019

39. Temperature acclimation of photosynthesis has only minor effects on gross primary productivity (GPP) in an Earth System Model (ESM)

Author: Goll, Daniel S., Brovkin, V., Kattge, J., Zaehle, S., and Reick, C.
Subjects: ddc:550
Published: 2019

40. Traditional plant functional groups explain variation in economic but not size-related traits across the tundra biome

Author: Thomas, H.J.D., Myers-Smith, I.H., Bjorkman, A.D., Elmendorf, S.C., Blok, D., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Forbes, B.C., Hollister, R.D., Normand, S., Prevéy, J.S., Rixen, C., Schaepman-Strub, G., Wilmking, M., Wipf, S., Cornwell, W., Kattge, J., Goetz, S.J., Guay, K.C., Alatalo, J.M., Anadon-Rosell, A., Angers-Blondin, S., Berner, L.T., Björk, R.G., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Carbognani, M., Christie, K., Siegwart Collier, L., Cooper, E.J., Eskelinen, A., Frei, E.R., Grau, O., Grogan, P., Hallinger, M., Heijman, M.M.P.D., Hermanutz, L., Hudson, J.M.G., Hülber, K., Iturrate-Garcia, M., Iversen, C.M., Jaroszynska, F., Johnstone, J.F., Kaarlejärvi, E., Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L.J., Lévesque, E., Te Beest, M., de Vries, F.T., Ozinga, W.A., and van Bodegom, P.M.
Subjects: food and beverages, plant functional types, ESG Stafafdelingen Omgevingswetenschappen, plant functional groups, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, vegetation change, plant traits, ecosystem function, ESG Staff Departments Environmental Sciences, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, tundra biome, community composition, cluster analysis
Abstract: Aim: Plant functional groups are widely used in community ecology and earth system modelling to describe trait variation within and across plant communities. However, this approach rests on the assumption that functional groups explain a large proportion of trait variation among species. We test whether four commonly used plant functional groups represent variation in six ecologically important plant traits. Location: Tundra biome. Time period: Data collected between 1964 and 2016. Major taxa studied: 295 tundra vascular plant species. Methods: We compiled a database of six plant traits (plant height, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen, seed mass) for tundra species. We examined the variation in species-level trait expression explained by four traditional functional groups (evergreen shrubs, deciduous shrubs, graminoids, forbs), and whether variation explained was dependent upon the traits included in analysis. We further compared the explanatory power and species composition of functional groups to alternative classifications generated using post hoc clustering of species-level traits. Results: Traditional functional groups explained significant differences in trait expression, particularly amongst traits associated with resource economics, which were consistent across sites and at the biome scale. However, functional groups explained 19% of overall trait variation and poorly represented differences in traits associated with plant size. Post hoc classification of species did not correspond well with traditional functional groups, and explained twice as much variation in species-level trait expression. Main conclusions: Traditional functional groups only coarsely represent variation in well-measured traits within tundra plant communities, and better explain resource economic traits than size-related traits. We recommend caution when using functional group approaches to predict tundra ecosystem change, or ecosystem functions relating to plant size, such as albedo or carbon storage. We argue that alternative classifications or direct use of specific plant traits could provide new insight into ecological prediction and modelling.
Published: 2019

41. Traditional plant functional groups explain variation in economic but not size‐related traits across the tundra biome

Author: Thomas, H. J. (H. J. D.), Myers‐Smith, I. H. (I. H.), Bjorkman, A. D. (A. D.), Elmendorf, S. C. (S. C.), Blok, D. (D.), Cornelissen, J. H. (J. H. C.), Forbes, B. C. (B. C.), Hollister, R. D. (R. D.), Normand, S. (S.), Prevéy, J. S. (J. S.), Rixen, C. (C.), Schaepman‐Strub, G. (G.), Wilmking, M. (M.), Wipf, S. (S.), Cornwell, W. K. (W. K.), Kattge, J. (J.), Goetz, S. J. (S. J.), Guay, K. C. (K. C.), Alatalo, J. M. (J. M.), Anadon‐Rosell, A. (A.), Angers‐Blondin, S. (S.), Berner, L. T. (L. T.), Björk, R. G. (R. G.), Buchwal, A. (A.), Buras, A. (A.), Carbognani, M. (M.), Christie, K. (K.), Siegwart Collier, L. (L.), Cooper, E. J. (E. J.), Eskelinen, A. (A.), Frei, E. R. (E. R.), Grau, O. (O.), Grogan, P. (P.), Hallinger, M. (M.), Heijmans, M. M. (M. M. P. D.), Hermanutz, L. (L.), Hudson, J. M. (J. M. G.), Hülber, K. (K.), Iturrate‐Garcia, M. (M.), Iversen, C. M. (C. M.), Jaroszynska, F. (F.), Johnstone, J. F. (J. F.), Kaarlejärvi, E. (E.), Kulonen, A. (A.), Lamarque, L. J. (L. J.), Lévesque, E. (E.), Michelsen, A. (A.), Milbau, A. (A.), Nabe‐Nielsen, J. (J.), Nielsen, S. S. (S. S.), Ninot, J. M. (J. M.), Oberbauer, S. F. (S. F.), Olofsson, J. (J.), Onipchenko, V. G. (V. G.), Petraglia, A. (A.), Rumpf, S. B. (S. B.), Semenchuk, P. R. (P. R.), Soudzilovskaia, N. A. (N. A.), Spasojevic, M. J. (M. J.), Speed, J. D. (J. D. M.), Tape, K. D. (K. D.), te Beest, M. (M.), Tomaselli, M. (M.), Trant, A. (A.), Treier, U. A. (U. A.), Venn, S. (S.), Vowles, T. (T.), Weijers, S. (S.), Zamin, T. (T.), Atkin, O. K. (O. K.), Bahn, M. (M.), Blonder, B. (B.), Campetella, G. (G.), Cerabolini, B. E. (B. E. L.), Chapin III, F. S. (F. S.), Dainese, M. (M.), de Vries, F. T. (F. T.), Díaz, S. (S.), Green, W. (W.), Jackson, R. B. (R. B.), Manning, P. (P.), Niinemets, Ü. (Ü.), Ozinga, W. A. (W. A.), Peñuelas, J. (J.), Reich, P. B. (P. B.), Schamp, B. (B.), Sheremetev, S. (S.), and van Bodegom, P. M. (P. M.)
Subjects: vegetation change, plant traits, ecosystem function, food and beverages, tundra biome, community composition, plant functional types, plant functional groups, cluster analysis
Abstract: Aim: Plant functional groups are widely used in community ecology and earth system modelling to describe trait variation within and across plant communities. However, this approach rests on the assumption that functional groups explain a large proportion of trait variation among species. We test whether four commonly used plant functional groups represent variation in six ecologically important plant traits. Location: Tundra biome. Time period: Data collected between 1964 and 2016. Major taxa studied: 295 tundra vascular plant species. Methods: We compiled a database of six plant traits (plant height, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen, seed mass) for tundra species. We examined the variation in species‐level trait expression explained by four traditional functional groups (evergreen shrubs, deciduous shrubs, graminoids, forbs), and whether variation explained was dependent upon the traits included in analysis. We further compared the explanatory power and species composition of functional groups to alternative classifications generated using post hoc clustering of species‐level traits. Results: Traditional functional groups explained significant differences in trait expression, particularly amongst traits associated with resource economics, which were consistent across sites and at the biome scale. However, functional groups explained 19% of overall trait variation and poorly represented differences in traits associated with plant size. Post hoc classification of species did not correspond well with traditional functional groups, and explained twice as much variation in species‐level trait expression. Main conclusions: Traditional functional groups only coarsely represent variation in well‐measured traits within tundra plant communities, and better explain resource economic traits than size‐related traits. We recommend caution when using functional group approaches to predict tundra vegetation change, or ecosystem functions relating to plant size, such as albedo or carbon storage. We argue that alternative classifications or direct use of specific plant traits could provide new insights for ecological prediction and modelling.
Published: 2019

42. Traditional plant functional groups explain variation in economic but not size-related traits across the tundra biome

Author: Thomas, H. J. D., Myers-Smith, I. H., Bjorkman, A. D., Elmendorf, S. C., Blok, D., Cornelissen, J. H. C., Forbes, B. C., Hollister, R. D., Normand, S., Prevey, J. S., Rixen, C., Schaepman-Strub, G., Wilmking, M., Wipf, S., Cornwell, W. K., Kattge, J., Goetz, S. J., Guay, K. C., Alatalo, J. M., Anadon-Rosell, A., Angers-Blondin, S., Berner, L. T., Bjork, R. G., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Carbognani, M., Christie, K., Collier, L. Siegwart, Cooper, E. J., Eskelinen, A., Frei, E. R., Grau, O., Grogan, P., Hallinger, M., Heijmans, M. M. P. D., Hermanutz, L., Hudson, J. M. G., Huelber, K., Iturrate-Garcia, M., Iversen, C. M., Jaroszynska, F., Johnstone, J. F., Kaarlejärvi, Elina, Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L. J., Levesque, E., Little, C. J., Michelsen, A., Milbau, A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Nielsen, S. S., Ninot, J. M., Oberbauer, S. F., Olofsson, Johan, Onipchenko, V. G., Petraglia, A., Rumpf, S. B., Semenchuk, P. R., Soudzilovskaia, N. A., Spasojevic, M. J., Speed, J. D. M., Tape, K. D., te Beest, Mariska, Tomaselli, M., Trant, A., Treier, U. A., Venn, S., Vowles, T., Weijers, S., Zamin, T., Atkin, O. K., Bahn, M., Blonder, B., Campetella, G., Cerabolini, B. E. L., Chapin, F. S. , I I I, Dainese, M., de Vries, F. T., Diaz, S., Green, W., Jackson, R. B., Manning, P., Niinemets, U., Ozinga, W. A., Penuelas, J., Reich, P. B., Schamp, B., Sheremetev, S., van Bodegom, P. M., Thomas, H. J. D., Myers-Smith, I. H., Bjorkman, A. D., Elmendorf, S. C., Blok, D., Cornelissen, J. H. C., Forbes, B. C., Hollister, R. D., Normand, S., Prevey, J. S., Rixen, C., Schaepman-Strub, G., Wilmking, M., Wipf, S., Cornwell, W. K., Kattge, J., Goetz, S. J., Guay, K. C., Alatalo, J. M., Anadon-Rosell, A., Angers-Blondin, S., Berner, L. T., Bjork, R. G., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Carbognani, M., Christie, K., Collier, L. Siegwart, Cooper, E. J., Eskelinen, A., Frei, E. R., Grau, O., Grogan, P., Hallinger, M., Heijmans, M. M. P. D., Hermanutz, L., Hudson, J. M. G., Huelber, K., Iturrate-Garcia, M., Iversen, C. M., Jaroszynska, F., Johnstone, J. F., Kaarlejärvi, Elina, Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L. J., Levesque, E., Little, C. J., Michelsen, A., Milbau, A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Nielsen, S. S., Ninot, J. M., Oberbauer, S. F., Olofsson, Johan, Onipchenko, V. G., Petraglia, A., Rumpf, S. B., Semenchuk, P. R., Soudzilovskaia, N. A., Spasojevic, M. J., Speed, J. D. M., Tape, K. D., te Beest, Mariska, Tomaselli, M., Trant, A., Treier, U. A., Venn, S., Vowles, T., Weijers, S., Zamin, T., Atkin, O. K., Bahn, M., Blonder, B., Campetella, G., Cerabolini, B. E. L., Chapin, F. S. , I I I, Dainese, M., de Vries, F. T., Diaz, S., Green, W., Jackson, R. B., Manning, P., Niinemets, U., Ozinga, W. A., Penuelas, J., Reich, P. B., Schamp, B., Sheremetev, S., and van Bodegom, P. M.
Abstract: Aim: Plant functional groups are widely used in community ecology and earth system modelling to describe trait variation within and across plant communities. However, this approach rests on the assumption that functional groups explain a large proportion of trait variation among species. We test whether four commonly used plant functional groups represent variation in six ecologically important plant traits. Location: Tundra biome. Time period: Data collected between 1964 and 2016. Major taxa studied: 295 tundra vascular plant species. Methods: We compiled a database of six plant traits (plant height, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen, seed mass) for tundra species. We examined the variation in species-level trait expression explained by four traditional functional groups (evergreen shrubs, deciduous shrubs, graminoids, forbs), and whether variation explained was dependent upon the traits included in analysis. We further compared the explanatory power and species composition of functional groups to alternative classifications generated using post hoc clustering of species-level traits. Results: Traditional functional groups explained significant differences in trait expression, particularly amongst traits associated with resource economics, which were consistent across sites and at the biome scale. However, functional groups explained 19% of overall trait variation and poorly represented differences in traits associated with plant size. Post hoc classification of species did not correspond well with traditional functional groups, and explained twice as much variation in species-level trait expression. Main conclusions: Traditional functional groups only coarsely represent variation in well-measured traits within tundra plant communities, and better explain resource economic traits than size-related traits. We recommend caution when using functional group approaches to predict tundra vegetation change, or ecosystem functions relati
Published: 2019
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43. Traditional plant functional groups explain variation in economic but not size-related traits across the tundra biome

Author: Spatial Ecology and Global Change, Environmental Sciences, Thomas, H. J. D., Myers-Smith, I. H., Bjorkman, A. D., Elmendorf, S. C., Blok, D., Cornelissen, J. H. C., Forbes, B. C., Hollister, R. D., Normand, S., Prevéy, J. S., Rixen, C., Schaepman-Strub, G., Wilmking, M., Wipf, S., Cornwell, W. K., Kattge, J., Goetz, S. J., Guay, K. C., Alatalo, J. M., Anadon-Rosell, A., Angers-Blondin, S., Berner, L. T., Björk, R. G., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Carbognani, M., Christie, K., Siegwart Collier, L., Cooper, E. J., Eskelinen, A., Frei, E. R., Grau, O., Grogan, P., Hallinger, M., Heijmans, M. M. P. D., Hermanutz, L., Hudson, J. M. G., Hülber, K., Iturrate-Garcia, M., Iversen, C. M., Jaroszynska, F., Johnstone, J. F., Kaarlejärvi, E., Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L. J., Lévesque, E., Little, C. J., Michelsen, A., Milbau, A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Nielsen, S. S., Ninot, J. M., Oberbauer, S. F., Olofsson, J., Onipchenko, V. G., Petraglia, A., Rumpf, S. B., Semenchuk, P. R., Soudzilovskaia, N. A., Spasojevic, M. J., Speed, J. D. M., Tape, K. D., te Beest, M., Tomaselli, M., Trant, A., Treier, U. A., Venn, S., Vowles, T., Weijers, S., Zamin, T., Atkin, O. K., Bahn, M., Blonder, B., Campetella, G., Cerabolini, B. E. L., Chapin III, F. S., Dainese, M., de Vries, F. T., Díaz, S., Green, W., Jackson, R. B., Manning, P., Niinemets, Ü., Ozinga, W. A., Peñuelas, J., Reich, P. B., Schamp, B., Sheremetev, S., van Bodegom, P. M., Spatial Ecology and Global Change, Environmental Sciences, Thomas, H. J. D., Myers-Smith, I. H., Bjorkman, A. D., Elmendorf, S. C., Blok, D., Cornelissen, J. H. C., Forbes, B. C., Hollister, R. D., Normand, S., Prevéy, J. S., Rixen, C., Schaepman-Strub, G., Wilmking, M., Wipf, S., Cornwell, W. K., Kattge, J., Goetz, S. J., Guay, K. C., Alatalo, J. M., Anadon-Rosell, A., Angers-Blondin, S., Berner, L. T., Björk, R. G., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Carbognani, M., Christie, K., Siegwart Collier, L., Cooper, E. J., Eskelinen, A., Frei, E. R., Grau, O., Grogan, P., Hallinger, M., Heijmans, M. M. P. D., Hermanutz, L., Hudson, J. M. G., Hülber, K., Iturrate-Garcia, M., Iversen, C. M., Jaroszynska, F., Johnstone, J. F., Kaarlejärvi, E., Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L. J., Lévesque, E., Little, C. J., Michelsen, A., Milbau, A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Nielsen, S. S., Ninot, J. M., Oberbauer, S. F., Olofsson, J., Onipchenko, V. G., Petraglia, A., Rumpf, S. B., Semenchuk, P. R., Soudzilovskaia, N. A., Spasojevic, M. J., Speed, J. D. M., Tape, K. D., te Beest, M., Tomaselli, M., Trant, A., Treier, U. A., Venn, S., Vowles, T., Weijers, S., Zamin, T., Atkin, O. K., Bahn, M., Blonder, B., Campetella, G., Cerabolini, B. E. L., Chapin III, F. S., Dainese, M., de Vries, F. T., Díaz, S., Green, W., Jackson, R. B., Manning, P., Niinemets, Ü., Ozinga, W. A., Peñuelas, J., Reich, P. B., Schamp, B., Sheremetev, S., and van Bodegom, P. M.
Published: 2019

44. Global photosynthetic capacity is optimized to the environment

Author: Smith, N. G., Keenan, T. F., Colin Prentice, I., Wang, H., Wright, I. J., Niinemets, Ü, Crous, K. Y., Domingues, T. F., Guerrieri, R., Yoko Ishida, F., Kattge, J., Kruger, E. L., Maire, V., Rogers, A., Serbin, S. P., Tarvainen, L., Togashi, H. F., Townsend, P. A., Wang, M., Weerasinghe, L. K., Zhou, S. X., Smith, N. G., Keenan, T. F., Colin Prentice, I., Wang, H., Wright, I. J., Niinemets, Ü, Crous, K. Y., Domingues, T. F., Guerrieri, R., Yoko Ishida, F., Kattge, J., Kruger, E. L., Maire, V., Rogers, A., Serbin, S. P., Tarvainen, L., Togashi, H. F., Townsend, P. A., Wang, M., Weerasinghe, L. K., and Zhou, S. X.
Abstract: Earth system models (ESMs) use photosynthetic capacity, indexed by the maximum Rubisco carboxylation rate (V cmax ), to simulate carbon assimilation and typically rely on empirical estimates, including an assumed dependence on leaf nitrogen determined from soil fertility. In contrast, new theory, based on biochemical coordination and co-optimization of carboxylation and water costs for photosynthesis, suggests that optimal V cmax can be predicted from climate alone, irrespective of soil fertility. Here, we develop this theory and find it captures 64% of observed variability in a global, field-measured V cmax dataset for C 3 plants. Soil fertility indices explained substantially less variation (32%). These results indicate that environmentally regulated biophysical constraints and light availability are the first-order drivers of global photosynthetic capacity. Through acclimation and adaptation, plants efficiently utilize resources at the leaf level, thus maximizing potential resource use for growth and reproduction. Our theory offers a robust strategy for dynamically predicting photosynthetic capacity in ESMs. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd/CNRS
Published: 2019

45. Reply to ‘No evidence for different metabolism in domestic mammals’

Author: Milla, R., He, T., Kattge, J., Kramer, K., Violle, C., Milla, R., He, T., Kattge, J., Kramer, K., and Violle, C.
Abstract: Correspondence - To the Editor
Published: 2019

46. sPlot:a new tool for global vegetation analyses

Author: Bruelheide, H. (Helge), Dengler, J. (Juergen), Jimenez-Alfaro, B. (Borja), Purschke, O. (Oliver), Hennekens, S. M. (Stephan M.), Chytry, M. (Milan), Pillar, V. D. (Valerio D.), Jansen, F. (Florian), Kattge, J. (Jens), Sandel, B. (Brody), Aubin, I. (Isabelle), Biurrun, I. (Idoia), Field, R. (Richard), Haider, S. (Sylvia), Jandt, U. (Ute), Lenoir, J. (Jonathan), Peet, R. K. (Robert K.), Peyre, G. (Gwendolyn), Sabatini, F. M. (Francesco Maria), Schmidt, M. (Marco), Schrodt, F. (Franziska), Winter, M. (Marten), Acic, S. (Svetlana), Agrillo, E. (Emiliano), Alvarez, M. (Miguel), Ambarli, D. (Didem), Angelini, P. (Pierangela), Apostolova, I. (Iva), Khan, M. A. (Mohammed A. S. Arfin), Arnst, E. (Elise), Attorre, F. (Fabio), Baraloto, C. (Christopher), Beckmann, M. (Michael), Berg, C. (Christian), Bergeron, Y. (Yves), Bergmeier, E. (Erwin), Bjorkman, A. D. (Anne D.), Bondareva, V. (Viktoria), Borchardt, P. (Peter), Botta-Dukat, Z. (Zoltan), Boyle, B. (Brad), Breen, A. (Amy), Brisse, H. (Henry), Byun, C. (Chaeho), Cabido, M. R. (Marcelo R.), Casella, L. (Laura), Cayuela, L. (Luis), Cerny, T. (Tomas), Chepinoga, V. (Victor), Csiky, J. (Janos), Curran, M. (Michael), Custerevska, R. (Renata), Stevanovic, Z. D. (Zora Dajic), De Bie, E. (Els), de Ruffray, P. (Patrice), De Sanctis, M. (Michele), Dimopoulos, P. (Panayotis), Dressler, S. (Stefan), Ejrnaes, R. (Rasmus), El-Sheikh, M. A. (Mohamed Abd El-Rouf Mousa), Enquist, B. (Brian), Ewald, J. (Joerg), Fagundez, J. (Jaime), Finckh, M. (Manfred), Font, X. (Xavier), Forey, E. (Estelle), Fotiadis, G. (Georgios), Garcia-Mijangos, I. (Itziar), de Gasper, A. L. (Andre Luis), Golub, V. (Valentin), Gutierrez, A. G. (Alvaro G.), Hatim, M. Z. (Mohamed Z.), He, T. (Tianhua), Higuchi, P. (Pedro), Holubova, D. (Dana), Hoelzel, N. (Norbert), Homeier, J. (Juergen), Indreica, A. (Adrian), Gursoy, D. I. (Deniz Isik), Jansen, S. (Steven), Janssen, J. (John), Jedrzejek, B. (Birgit), Jirousek, M. (Martin), Juergens, N. (Norbert), Kacki, Z. (Zygmunt), Kavgaci, A. (Ali), Kearsley, E. (Elizabeth), Kessler, M. (Michael), Knollova, I. (Ilona), Kolomiychuk, V. (Vitaliy), Korolyuk, A. (Andrey), Kozhevnikova, M. (Maria), Kozub, L. (Lukasz), Krstonosic, D. (Daniel), Kuehl, H. (Hjalmar), Kuehn, I. (Ingolf), Kuzemko, A. (Anna), Kuzmic, F. (Filip), Landucci, F. (Flavia), Lee, M. T. (Michael T.), Levesley, A. (Aurora), Li, C.-F. (Ching-Feng), Liu, H. (Hongyan), Lopez-Gonzalez, G. (Gabriela), Lysenko, T. (Tatiana), Macanovic, A. (Armin), Mahdavi, P. (Parastoo), Manning, P. (Peter), Marceno, C. (Corrado), Martynenko, V. (Vassiliy), Mencuccini, M. (Maurizio), Minden, V. (Vanessa), Moeslund, J. E. (Jesper Erenskjold), Moretti, M. (Marco), Mueller, J. V. (Jonas V.), Munzinger, J. (Jerome), Niinemets, U. (Ulo), Nobis, M. (Marcin), Noroozi, J. (Jalil), Nowak, A. (Arkadiusz), Onyshchenko, V. (Viktor), Overbeck, G. E. (Gerhard E.), Ozinga, W. A. (Wim A.), Pauchard, A. (Anibal), Pedashenko, H. (Hristo), Penuelas, J. (Josep), Perez-Haase, A. (Aaron), Peterka, T. (Tomas), Petrik, P. (Petr), Phillips, O. L. (Oliver L.), Prokhorov, V. (Vadim), Rasomavicius, V. (Valerijus), Revermann, R. (Rasmus), Rodwell, J. (John), Ruprecht, E. (Eszter), Rusina, S. (Solvita), Samimi, C. (Cyrus), Schaminee, J. H. (Joop H. J.), Schmiedel, U. (Ute), Sibik, J. (Jozef), Silc, U. (Urban), Skvorc, Z. (Zeljko), Smyth, A. (Anita), Sop, T. (Tenekwetche), Sopotlieva, D. (Desislava), Sparrow, B. (Ben), Stancic, Z. (Zvjezdana), Svenning, J.-C. (Jens-Christian), Swacha, G. (Grzegorz), Tang, Z. (Zhiyao), Tsiripidis, I. (Ioannis), Turtureanu, P. D. (Pavel Dan), Ugurlu, E. (Emin), Uogintas, D. (Domas), Valachovic, M. (Milan), Vanselow, K. A. (Kim Andre), Vashenyak, Y. (Yulia), Vassilev, K. (Kiril), Velez-Martin, E. (Eduardo), Venanzoni, R. (Roberto), Vibrans, A. C. (Alexander Christian), Violle, C. (Cyrille), Virtanen, R. (Risto), von Wehrden, H. (Henrik), Wagner, V. (Viktoria), Walker, D. A. (Donald A.), Wana, D. (Desalegn), Weiher, E. (Evan), Wesche, K. (Karsten), Whitfeld, T. (Timothy), Willner, W. (Wolfgang), Wiser, S. (Susan), Wohlgemuth, T. (Thomas), Yamalov, S. (Sergey), Zizka, G. (Georg), Zverev, A. (Andrei), Bruelheide, H. (Helge), Dengler, J. (Juergen), Jimenez-Alfaro, B. (Borja), Purschke, O. (Oliver), Hennekens, S. M. (Stephan M.), Chytry, M. (Milan), Pillar, V. D. (Valerio D.), Jansen, F. (Florian), Kattge, J. (Jens), Sandel, B. (Brody), Aubin, I. (Isabelle), Biurrun, I. (Idoia), Field, R. (Richard), Haider, S. (Sylvia), Jandt, U. (Ute), Lenoir, J. (Jonathan), Peet, R. K. (Robert K.), Peyre, G. (Gwendolyn), Sabatini, F. M. (Francesco Maria), Schmidt, M. (Marco), Schrodt, F. (Franziska), Winter, M. (Marten), Acic, S. (Svetlana), Agrillo, E. (Emiliano), Alvarez, M. (Miguel), Ambarli, D. (Didem), Angelini, P. (Pierangela), Apostolova, I. (Iva), Khan, M. A. (Mohammed A. S. Arfin), Arnst, E. (Elise), Attorre, F. (Fabio), Baraloto, C. (Christopher), Beckmann, M. (Michael), Berg, C. (Christian), Bergeron, Y. (Yves), Bergmeier, E. (Erwin), Bjorkman, A. D. (Anne D.), Bondareva, V. (Viktoria), Borchardt, P. (Peter), Botta-Dukat, Z. (Zoltan), Boyle, B. (Brad), Breen, A. (Amy), Brisse, H. (Henry), Byun, C. (Chaeho), Cabido, M. R. (Marcelo R.), Casella, L. (Laura), Cayuela, L. (Luis), Cerny, T. (Tomas), Chepinoga, V. (Victor), Csiky, J. (Janos), Curran, M. (Michael), Custerevska, R. (Renata), Stevanovic, Z. D. (Zora Dajic), De Bie, E. (Els), de Ruffray, P. (Patrice), De Sanctis, M. (Michele), Dimopoulos, P. (Panayotis), Dressler, S. (Stefan), Ejrnaes, R. (Rasmus), El-Sheikh, M. A. (Mohamed Abd El-Rouf Mousa), Enquist, B. (Brian), Ewald, J. (Joerg), Fagundez, J. (Jaime), Finckh, M. (Manfred), Font, X. (Xavier), Forey, E. (Estelle), Fotiadis, G. (Georgios), Garcia-Mijangos, I. (Itziar), de Gasper, A. L. (Andre Luis), Golub, V. (Valentin), Gutierrez, A. G. (Alvaro G.), Hatim, M. Z. (Mohamed Z.), He, T. (Tianhua), Higuchi, P. (Pedro), Holubova, D. (Dana), Hoelzel, N. (Norbert), Homeier, J. (Juergen), Indreica, A. (Adrian), Gursoy, D. I. (Deniz Isik), Jansen, S. (Steven), Janssen, J. (John), Jedrzejek, B. (Birgit), Jirousek, M. (Martin), Juergens, N. (Norbert), Kacki, Z. (Zygmunt), Kavgaci, A. (Ali), Kearsley, E. (Elizabeth), Kessler, M. (Michael), Knollova, I. (Ilona), Kolomiychuk, V. (Vitaliy), Korolyuk, A. (Andrey), Kozhevnikova, M. (Maria), Kozub, L. (Lukasz), Krstonosic, D. (Daniel), Kuehl, H. (Hjalmar), Kuehn, I. (Ingolf), Kuzemko, A. (Anna), Kuzmic, F. (Filip), Landucci, F. (Flavia), Lee, M. T. (Michael T.), Levesley, A. (Aurora), Li, C.-F. (Ching-Feng), Liu, H. (Hongyan), Lopez-Gonzalez, G. (Gabriela), Lysenko, T. (Tatiana), Macanovic, A. (Armin), Mahdavi, P. (Parastoo), Manning, P. (Peter), Marceno, C. (Corrado), Martynenko, V. (Vassiliy), Mencuccini, M. (Maurizio), Minden, V. (Vanessa), Moeslund, J. E. (Jesper Erenskjold), Moretti, M. (Marco), Mueller, J. V. (Jonas V.), Munzinger, J. (Jerome), Niinemets, U. (Ulo), Nobis, M. (Marcin), Noroozi, J. (Jalil), Nowak, A. (Arkadiusz), Onyshchenko, V. (Viktor), Overbeck, G. E. (Gerhard E.), Ozinga, W. A. (Wim A.), Pauchard, A. (Anibal), Pedashenko, H. (Hristo), Penuelas, J. (Josep), Perez-Haase, A. (Aaron), Peterka, T. (Tomas), Petrik, P. (Petr), Phillips, O. L. (Oliver L.), Prokhorov, V. (Vadim), Rasomavicius, V. (Valerijus), Revermann, R. (Rasmus), Rodwell, J. (John), Ruprecht, E. (Eszter), Rusina, S. (Solvita), Samimi, C. (Cyrus), Schaminee, J. H. (Joop H. J.), Schmiedel, U. (Ute), Sibik, J. (Jozef), Silc, U. (Urban), Skvorc, Z. (Zeljko), Smyth, A. (Anita), Sop, T. (Tenekwetche), Sopotlieva, D. (Desislava), Sparrow, B. (Ben), Stancic, Z. (Zvjezdana), Svenning, J.-C. (Jens-Christian), Swacha, G. (Grzegorz), Tang, Z. (Zhiyao), Tsiripidis, I. (Ioannis), Turtureanu, P. D. (Pavel Dan), Ugurlu, E. (Emin), Uogintas, D. (Domas), Valachovic, M. (Milan), Vanselow, K. A. (Kim Andre), Vashenyak, Y. (Yulia), Vassilev, K. (Kiril), Velez-Martin, E. (Eduardo), Venanzoni, R. (Roberto), Vibrans, A. C. (Alexander Christian), Violle, C. (Cyrille), Virtanen, R. (Risto), von Wehrden, H. (Henrik), Wagner, V. (Viktoria), Walker, D. A. (Donald A.), Wana, D. (Desalegn), Weiher, E. (Evan), Wesche, K. (Karsten), Whitfeld, T. (Timothy), Willner, W. (Wolfgang), Wiser, S. (Susan), Wohlgemuth, T. (Thomas), Yamalov, S. (Sergey), Zizka, G. (Georg), and Zverev, A. (Andrei)
Abstract: Aims: Vegetation‐plot records provide information on the presence and cover or abundance of plants co‐occurring in the same community. Vegetation‐plot data are spread across research groups, environmental agencies and biodiversity research centers and, thus, are rarely accessible at continental or global scales. Here we present the sPlot database, which collates vegetation plots worldwide to allow for the exploration of global patterns in taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity at the plant community level. Results: sPlot version 2.1 contains records from 1,121,244 vegetation plots, which comprise 23,586,216 records of plant species and their relative cover or abundance in plots collected worldwide between 1885 and 2015. We complemented the information for each plot by retrieving climate and soil conditions and the biogeographic context (e.g., biomes) from external sources, and by calculating community‐weighted means and variances of traits using gap‐filled data from the global plant trait database TRY. Moreover, we created a phylogenetic tree for 50,167 out of the 54,519 species identified in the plots. We present the first maps of global patterns of community richness and community‐weighted means of key traits. Conclusions: The availability of vegetation plot data in sPlot offers new avenues for vegetation analysis at the global scale.
Published: 2019

47. Similar factors underlie tree abundance in forests in native and alien ranges

Author: van der Sande, Masha Tamara, Bruelheide, H., Dawson, W., Dengler, J., Essl, F., Field, R., Haider, S., van Kleunen, M., Kreft, H., Pagel, J., Pergl, J., Purschke, O., Pyšek, P., Weigelt, P., Winter, M., Attorre, F., Aubin, I., Bergmeier, E., Chytrý, M., Dainese, M., De Sanctis, M., Fagundez, J., Golub, V., Guerin, G.R., Gutiérrez, A.G., Jandt, U., Jansen, F., Jiménez‐Alfaro, B., Kattge, J., Kearsley, E., Klotz, Stefan, Kramer, K., Moretti, M., Niinemets, Ü., Peet, R.K., Penuelas, J., Petřík, P., Reich, P.B., Sandel, B., Schmidt, M., Sibikova, M., Violle, C., Whitfeld, T.J.S., Wohlgemuth, T., Knight, Tiffany, van der Sande, Masha Tamara, Bruelheide, H., Dawson, W., Dengler, J., Essl, F., Field, R., Haider, S., van Kleunen, M., Kreft, H., Pagel, J., Pergl, J., Purschke, O., Pyšek, P., Weigelt, P., Winter, M., Attorre, F., Aubin, I., Bergmeier, E., Chytrý, M., Dainese, M., De Sanctis, M., Fagundez, J., Golub, V., Guerin, G.R., Gutiérrez, A.G., Jandt, U., Jansen, F., Jiménez‐Alfaro, B., Kattge, J., Kearsley, E., Klotz, Stefan, Kramer, K., Moretti, M., Niinemets, Ü., Peet, R.K., Penuelas, J., Petřík, P., Reich, P.B., Sandel, B., Schmidt, M., Sibikova, M., Violle, C., Whitfeld, T.J.S., Wohlgemuth, T., and Knight, Tiffany
Abstract: AimAlien plant species can cause severe ecological and economic problems, and therefore attract a lot of research interest in biogeography and related fields. To identify potential future invasive species, we need to better understand the mechanisms underlying the abundances of invasive tree species in their new ranges, and whether these mechanisms differ between their native and alien ranges. Here, we test two hypotheses: that greater relative abundance is promoted by (a) functional difference from locally co‐occurring trees, and (b) higher values than locally co‐occurring trees for traits linked to competitive ability. LocationGlobal. Time periodRecent. Major taxa studiedTrees. MethodsWe combined three global plant databases: sPlot vegetation‐plot database, TRY plant trait database and Global Naturalized Alien Flora (GloNAF) database. We used a hierarchical Bayesian linear regression model to assess the factors associated with variation in local abundance, and how these relationships vary between native and alien ranges and depend on species’ traits. ResultsIn both ranges, species reach highest abundance if they are functionally similar to co‐occurring species, yet are taller and have higher seed mass and wood density than co‐occurring species. Main conclusionsOur results suggest that light limitation leads to strong environmental and biotic filtering, and that it is advantageous to be taller and have denser wood. The striking similarities in abundance between native and alien ranges imply that information from tree species’ native ranges can be used to predict in which habitats introduced species may become dominant.
Published: 2019

48. Inferring plant functional diversity from space: the potential of Sentinel-2

Author: Ma, X., Mahecha, M.D., Migliavacca, M., van der Plas, F., Benavides, R., Ratcliffe, S., Kattge, J., Richter, R., Musavi, T., Baeten, L., Barnoaiea, I., Bohn, Friedrich, Bouriaud, O., Bussotti, F., Coppi, A., Domisch, T., Huth, Andreas, Jaroszewicz, B., Joswig, J., Pabon-Moreno, D.-E., Papale, D., Selvi, F., Laurin, G.V., Valladares, F., Reichstein, M., Wirth, C., Ma, X., Mahecha, M.D., Migliavacca, M., van der Plas, F., Benavides, R., Ratcliffe, S., Kattge, J., Richter, R., Musavi, T., Baeten, L., Barnoaiea, I., Bohn, Friedrich, Bouriaud, O., Bussotti, F., Coppi, A., Domisch, T., Huth, Andreas, Jaroszewicz, B., Joswig, J., Pabon-Moreno, D.-E., Papale, D., Selvi, F., Laurin, G.V., Valladares, F., Reichstein, M., and Wirth, C.
Abstract: Plant functional diversity (FD) is an important component of biodiversity that characterizes the variability of functional traits within a community, landscape, or even large spatial scales. It can influence ecosystem processes and stability. Hence, it is important to understand how and why FD varies within and between ecosystems, along resources availability gradients and climate gradients, and across vegetation successional stages. Usually, FD is assessed through labor-intensive field measurements, while assessing FD from space may provide a way to monitor global FD changes in a consistent, time and resource efficient way. The potential of operational satellites for inferring FD, however, remains to be demonstrated. Here we studied the relationships between FD and spectral reflectance measurements taken by ESA's Sentinel-2 satellite over 117 field plots located in 6 European countries, with 46 plots having in-situ sampled leaf traits and the other 71 using traits from the TRY database. These field plots represent major European forest types, from boreal forests in Finland to Mediterranean mixed forests in Spain. Based on in-situ data collected in 2013 we computed functional dispersion (FDis), a measure of FD, using foliar and whole-plant traits of known ecological significance. These included five foliar traits: leaf nitrogen concentration (N%), leaf carbon concentration (%C), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), leaf area (LA). In addition they included three whole-plant traits: tree height (H), crown cross-sectional area (CCSA), and diameter-at-breast-height (DBH). We applied partial least squares regression using Sentinel-2 surface reflectance measured in 2015 as predictive variables to model in-situ FDis measurements. We predicted, in cross-validation, 55% of the variation in the observed FDis. We also showed that the red-edge, near infrared and shortwave infrared regions of Sentinel-2 are more important than the visible region for predict
Published: 2019

49. sPlot – a new tool for global vegetation analyses

Author: Bruelheide, H., Dengler, J., Jiménez‐Alfaro, B., Purschke, O., Hennekens, S.M., Chytrý, M., Pillar, V.D., Jansen, F., Kattge, J., Sandel, B., Aubin, I., Biurrun, I., Field, R., Haider, S., Jandt, U., Lenoir, J., Peet, R.K., Peyre, G., Sabatini, F.M., Schmidt, M., Schrodt, F., Winter, M., Aćić, S., Agrillo, E., Alvarez, M., Ambarlı, D., Angelini, P., Apostolova, I., Khan, M.A.S.A., Arnst, E., Attorre, F., Baraloto, C., Beckmann, Michael, Kühn, Ingolf, Virtanen, Risto, Berg, C., et al., Bruelheide, H., Dengler, J., Jiménez‐Alfaro, B., Purschke, O., Hennekens, S.M., Chytrý, M., Pillar, V.D., Jansen, F., Kattge, J., Sandel, B., Aubin, I., Biurrun, I., Field, R., Haider, S., Jandt, U., Lenoir, J., Peet, R.K., Peyre, G., Sabatini, F.M., Schmidt, M., Schrodt, F., Winter, M., Aćić, S., Agrillo, E., Alvarez, M., Ambarlı, D., Angelini, P., Apostolova, I., Khan, M.A.S.A., Arnst, E., Attorre, F., Baraloto, C., Beckmann, Michael, Kühn, Ingolf, Virtanen, Risto, and Berg, C., et al.
Abstract: QuestionsVegetation‐plot records provide information on presence and cover or abundance of plants co‐occurring in the same community. Vegetation‐plot data are spread across research groups, environmental agencies and biodiversity research centers and, thus, are rarely accessible at continental or global scales. Here we present the sPlot database, which collates vegetation plots worldwide to allow for the exploration of global patterns in taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity at the plant community level. LocationsPlot version 2.1 contains records from 1,121,244 vegetation plots, which comprise 23,586,216 records of plant species and their relative cover or abundance in plots collected between 1885 and 2015. MethodsWe complemented the information for each plot by retrieving climate and soil conditions and the biogeographic context (e.g. biomes) from external sources, and by calculating community‐weighted means and variances of traits using gap‐filled data from the global plant trait database TRY. Moreover, we created a phylogenetic tree for 50,167 out of the 54,519 species identified in the plots. ResultsWe present the first maps of global patterns of community richness and community‐weighted means of key traits. ConclusionsThe availability of vegetation plot data in sPlot offers new avenues for vegetation analysis at the global scale.
Published: 2019

50. La cartographie continentale des fonctions des écosystèmes forestier révèle un potentiel élevé mais non réalisé de multifonctionnalité

Author: FONS VAN DER, P., RATCLIFFE, S., RUIZ-BENITO, P., SCHERER-LORENZEN, Michael, VERHEYEN, Kris, WIRTH, C., ZAVALA, M.A., AMPOORTER, E., BAETEN, L., BARBARO, Luc, BASTIAS, C.C., BAUHUS, Juergen, BENAVIDES, R., BENNETER, A., BONAL, Damien, BOURIAUD, Olivier, BRUELHEIDE, H., BUSSOTTI, F., CARNOL, M., CASTAGNEYROL, Bastien, CHARBONNIER, Yohan, CORNELISSEN, J.H.C., DAHLGREN, J., CHECKO, E., COPPI, A., DAWUD, S.M., DECONCHAT, Marc, DE SMEDT, P., DE WANDELER, H., DOMISCH, T., FINÉR, L., FOTELLI, M., GESSLER, Arthur, GRANIER, A., GROSSIORD, Charlotte, GUYOT, V., HAASE, J., HÄTTENSCHWILER, Stephan, JACTEL, Hervé, JAROSZEWICZ, B., JOLY, F.X., JUCKER, T., KAMBACH, S., KAENDLER, Gerald, KATTGE, J., KORICHEVA, J., KUNSTLER, Georges, LEHTONEN, A., LIEBERGESELL, M., MANNING, P., MILLIGAN, H., MULLER, S., MUYS, Bart, NGUYEN, D., NOCK, C., OHSE, B., PAQUETTE, Alain, PENUELAS, J., POLLASTRINI, M., RADOGLOU, K., RAULUND-RASMUSSEN, K., ROGER, F., SEIDL, R., SELVI, F., STENLID, J., VALLADARES, Fernando, VAN KEER, J., VESTERDAL, L., FISCHER, M., GAMFELDT, L., and ALLAN, E.
Subjects: fundiveurope
Published: 2018

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