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We consider parabolic operators of fractional order and their iterates on the upper half space of the euclidean space. We deal with Hilbert spaces of solutions of those parabolic equations. We shall show, in this note, the existence of reproducing kernels and give a formula by using their fundamental solutions. As an application, we also discuss the polyharmonic Bergman spaces and give their reproducing kernels by using the Poisson kernel on the upper half space.

We consider the $\alpha$-parabolic Bergman spaces on strip domains. The Bergman kernel is given by a series of derivatives of the fundamental solution. We prove the $L^p$-boundedness of the projection defined by the Bergman kernel and obtain the duality theorem for $1 \lt p \lt \infty$. At the same time, we give a new proof of the Huygens property, which enable us to verify all the results in [3] also for $n = 1$.

application/pdf, 論文(Article)

application/pdf, 論文(Article)

application/pdf, 論文(Article)

application/pdf, 論文(Article)

application/pdf, 論文(Article)

application/pdf, 論文(Article)

We determine all the caloric morphisms for rotation invariant (spherically symmetric) metrics, in the case where the space dimension is greater than two. We also treat the caloric morphisms on two dimensional spheres and hyperbolae.

Based on 9350 pregnant Japanese women who were screened by serum triple-marker determination, accuracy of predicted risk for Down syndrome was examined using 24 Down syndrome cases detected either prenatally or postnatally. The correlation is statistically very high (r = 0.98) between the predicted risks and the prevalence of Down syndrome cases. Here we emphasize that this could be accomplished only by an extensive follow-up study, implemented in our prospective intervention programme.

Objective: We determined the incidence of specific chromosome abnormalities in this Japanese population so that comparisons could be made to the incidence of chromosome abnormalities reported for other populations. Methods: A total of 423 cases of products of conception aborted spontaneously were collected for cytogenetics analysis from various medical sites located in Japan. The cytogenetic results, along with clinical information including gestational age at the time of the miscarriage and maternal age, were compiled in a database. The incidence of specific chromosome aberrations was determined. The abnormalities were separated by gestational age at the time of the miscarriage and by maternal age. Results: The total number of specimens available for cytogenetic analysis was 407. Cytogenetic results were obtained for 347 cases (85.3%), of which 196 (56.5%) showed chromosome abnormalities. Autosomal trisomy was detected in 120 cases (61.2% of the abnormal cases). Trisomy for each autosome, with the exception of chromosomes 1, 5, 6, 11, 12, and 19, was identified. The most common autosomal trisomy was that of chromosome 16 (30 cases), followed by trisomy 21 (13 cases), and trisomy 22 (13 cases). Eight cases showed double trisomies, and one case showed trisomy for three different chromosomes. Two cases showed monosomy 21, and 24 cases showed 45,X. Triploidy was identified in 27 cases and tetraploidy was detected in five cases. Unbalanced structural rearrangements were found in 11 cases, and balanced translocations were identified in two cases. Six cases showed mosaicism: three cases showed a normal cell line; and three cases had multiple abnormal cell lines. Separating the trisomies by the gestational age at which time the miscarriage occurred revealed that trisomies 7, 8, 14, 15, 16 and 22 occurred exclusively during the first trimester and fetuses with trisomies 4, 13, 18 and 21 survived late into the second trimester. Conclusion: Overall patterns of chromosome abnormalities detected in spontaneous abortions in Japan were similar to those reported in the literature.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy, informative rate, detection rate, and clinical utility of prenatal interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of amniotic fluid samples from Japanese women. Methods:Amniotic fluid specimens from 2,639 Japanese women were received for prenatal interphase FISH and chromosome analysis. A questionnaire was designed to evaluate FISH clinical utility by collaboration sites. Results:Based on 2,319 tested samples, the accuracy (100%), informative (94%), and detection (87.6%) rates were all high. The accuracy (100%), informative (90.2%), and detection (90.0%) rates were also remarkable in third-trimester pregnancies. We perceive significant advantages from this test regarding medical management and patient satisfaction. Conclusions:This novel report shows that in Japan prenatal interphase FISH testing is highly informative and accurate, not only in second-trimester pregnancies but also in third-trimester pregnancies. This test provides advantages to both physicians and patients, provided that its capabilities and limitations are understood.

Owing to differences in maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotrophin and oestriol levels between native Japanese and Caucasian women screened in this laboratory, a study was conducted to measure amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein (AFAFP) levels in native Japanese pregnancies. When the native Japanese AFAFP levels were compared with a United States (non-Black) population, the Japanese medians did not decrease as rapidly over the 14 to 22 weeks of gestation period investigated. At 14 weeks, the difference was negligible, graduating to a difference of 20 per cent by 22 weeks' gestation. Native Japanese pregnancy AFAFP levels should be interpreted based upon population data from that group alone. From these findings, prenatal screening laboratories should be encouraged to collect preliminary data for comparison before screening is initiated for a defined ethnic group.

Let D be a bounded domain in the Euclidean space Rn (n ≧ 2) and L a uniformly elliptic partial differential operator of second order with α-Hölder continuous coefficients (0 < α ≦ 1) on D.

The bovine placenta secretes at least one hormone with prolactin-like and placental growth-hormone-like activity. The cDNA for bovine placental lactogen was isolated from a bovine fetal cDNA library by virtue of its nucleotide sequence homology to bovine prolactin (70%) and identified as such from amino acid sequence obtained from the amino terminus and internal tryptic fragments from the isolated hormone. The cDNA predicts a preprohormone of 236 amino acids, with a signal peptide of 36 amino acids. A single consensus site for N-glycosylation marks a probable site of carbohydrate addition. The encoded hormone is quite distinct from the pituitary hormones, as well as the primate and rodent placental lactogens and other predicted bovine placental hormones. It is 51% similar to bovine prolactin in amino acid sequence, 30% similar to the protein predicted by bovine prolactin-related cDNA I, about 30% similar to the rodent predicted placental hormones, and only about 20% similar to human placental lactogen and bovine growth hormone. Despite its greater similarity to bovine prolactin, sequence homology in the region of 5' flanking sequences and first exon to bovine prolactin-related cDNA I suggests that bovine placental lactogen may share a common evolutionary origin with this other placentally expressed member of the prolactin gene family.

In a previous report we showed that purified bovine placental lactogen (bPL) exists in two isoforms in the 31,000-33,000 Mr range, each with at least five isoelectric variants differing in approximately 2 orders of magnitude in isoelectric points (pI) 4-6. The multiple isoelectric variants are unique to the bovine hormone. In an effort to determine the nature of these variants endo- and exoglycohydrolase digestions were conducted to determine if this hormone was glycosylated. Analysis of peptide/N-glycosidase F and endoglycosidase F digests of radioiodinated bPL on one-dimensional gel electrophoresis showed a Mr decrease from 31,000 to 24,000 and 33,000 to 26,000 for the two isoforms. Digestion with a mixture of neuraminidase plus mixed exoglycosidases resulted in a Mr decrease of 4,000. Digestion with neuraminidase resulted in a Mr decrease of 2,000. Further analysis of peptide/N-glycosidase F- and neuraminidase-treated bPL by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis showed the isoelectric variants shifted from pI 4.4-6.3 to 4.9-8.0. The sialic acid residues on the N-linkage are responsible for the pronounced acidic character of bPL, but do not account for the residual charge heterogeneity as the different isoelectric variants persist after sialic acid removal. The apparent Mr of the protein after removal of N-linked carbohydrate residues is similar to that of PRL and GH. These enzymatic digestion results demonstrate the presence of N-linked complex oligosaccharide residues attached to the beta-amide group of an asparagine residue. Analyses of the sugar content of the molecule were consistent with the presence of one biantennary N-linked and two O-linked carbohydrate chains.

Previous work has shown that, unlike other species, placental lactogen (PL) in the bovine (bPL) has a mol wt of approximately 32,000 and exists in several different forms with different isoelectric points. This study was carried out to develop a more rapid purification scheme, whereby the yield of bPL obtained was increased while at the same time the possibility of artifacts from a prolonged purification protocol was decreased. A procedure was developed in which a fraction enriched in bPL-containing granules was obtained after gentle disruption of the binucleate cells of the fetal cotyledon. The fetal portion of the placentomes from midpregnant cows was minced with scissors and vigorously stirred in order to remove and disrupt binucleate cells within the fetal villi. The supernatant from this step was fractionated by differential centrifugation followed by a four-step discontinuous Percoll gradient of 1.03-1.08 g/ml. A granule-enriched fraction was isolated from the 1.04 g/ml zone from which membrane-enclosed protein was released by freezing and thawing. Membranes and insoluble proteins were sedimented by high speed centrifugation to yield an extract which contained approximately 20% of the hormone initially in the tissue. Two subsequent chromatographic steps, gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 and high performance reversed phase chromatography with a C-4 column, resulted in a preparation of greater than 98% homogeneity. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of purified bPL revealed at least nine protein spots in the 31,000-33,000 mol wt range with isoelectric points ranging from 4.85-6.3. All forms exhibited parallel dilution curves in a RIA for bPL. It would appear, therefore, that multiple forms of bPL exist and that they are not artifacts of the prolonged purification protocol previously used.